左氧氟沙星/壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜的制备与抑菌性能研究

为左氧氟沙星(LEV)设计一种药物递送系统,以探究一种治疗胃溃疡的潜在方法。采用静电纺丝技术制备了搭载LEV的LEV/壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇(LEV/CS/PVA)纳米纤维膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、接触角测试、药物释放测试、抑菌试验等方法对所制备的纳米纤维膜的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明,所制备的纳米纤维膜具有良好的纳米纤维结构、亲水性和释放效果,LEV可以均匀地分散在纳米纤维中。通过MTT法评估了所制备的纳米纤维膜的体外细胞毒性,证明了其良好的细胞相容性。对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和幽门螺旋杆菌的抑菌活性试验结果表明,搭载LEV的纳米纤维膜具有广谱的、长期的抑菌效果。因此开发的纳米纤维膜具有治疗胃溃疡的潜力。     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/壳聚糖-g-氧化石墨烯复合膜的制备

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、壳聚糖(CS)和壳聚糖-g-氧化石墨烯(CS-g-GO)为原材料,考察不同共混比下制备的PVA/CS/CS-g-GO纳米纤维膜的各项性能.首先使用扫描电镜检测薄膜的形貌,通过接触角测试检测薄膜亲水性的变化,然后采用单因素实验的方法考察不同条件对薄膜的孔隙率、水蒸气透过率、PM2.5过滤效率的影响....     

热熔处理对壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇静电纺丝纳米纤维膜力学性能的影响

静电纺丝方法制备的纳米纤维膜的强度主要来源于其纤维间的缠接,因此强度较低。对壳聚糖(CS)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维膜采用了热熔处理的方法,使纳米纤维之间发生热熔,研究了热熔处理对纳米纤维微观结构、力学性能和亲水性能的影响。扫描电镜结果显示,热熔处理后的纳米纤维间出现熔接的现象,同时伴有部分纤维的断裂。力学性能测试表明,热熔处理能够提高纳米纤维膜的力学性能,热熔温度为100℃时,纳米纤维膜的力学性能提升最高。水接触角测试表明,热熔处理会使得纤维结构更为致密,导致其水接触角增大;XRD和FT-IR测试表明,热熔处理在增大纳米纤维膜结晶性的同时,未明显改变纳米纤维膜的化学结构。     

妇科抢救用抗菌止血敷料制备及应用

针对妇科抢救用止血敷料止血效果不佳，抗菌性能差的问题，提出用PVA/SA止血海绵和CS/PVA纳米纤维膜通过热熔压敏胶粘合制备新型止血敷料，并探讨了制备过程中，PVA/SA止血海绵中海藻酸钠的最佳含量、工艺和抗菌止血效果。结果表明：PVA/SA止血海绵中海藻酸钠最佳含量为2.5%；纳米纤维膜最佳纺丝工艺为电压21 kV、纺丝液流量0.4 mL/h、接收距离13 cm；在此工艺下制备的纳米纤维膜经过戊二醛交联后，性能较为稳定；与PVA/SA止血海绵粘合成的新型敷料止血性能和抑菌性能皆表现良好。     

PET/CA根须状蓬松纳米纤维复合膜的制备及其烹饪油烟过滤性能

为有效净化烹饪油烟，采用共溶剂静电纺丝技术，通过调控聚酯（PET）和醋酸纤维素（CA）的共混比，制备根须状蓬松纳米纤维复合膜。借助扫描电子显微镜、接触角测试仪及自动滤料测试系统等分析所制备纤维膜的微观形貌、表面润湿性及油烟过滤性能。结果表明：所制备的8:2纳米纤维复合膜成形良好，具有明显的根须状结构，直径集中在根须100nm和根冠300nm左右；且堆积蓬松，孔隙率、堆积密度分别达93.85±1.71%、0.023±0.008；水接触角154±1°，油从初始接触角84°到吸收为0°仅需2s，具有特殊表面润湿性；模拟烹饪油烟过滤测试表明：过滤效率达92%，过滤压降仅为36Pa，且经20次循环测试后其过滤效率基本不下降，仍保持在91%以上；在100 min连续过滤测试后，其过滤效率仍大于90%，过滤阻力规律性缓慢上升，满足烹饪油烟过滤的需求。     

静电纺丝PBT/PVA复合膜的制备及性能研究

以三氟乙酸和二氯甲烷为混合溶剂,采用静电纺丝法制备聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜。用旋转粘度计和电导率仪测定溶液的黏度和电导率,用扫描电子显微镜、拉伸和水接触角测试PBT/PVA不同比例对纤维膜的形貌、力学和亲水性能的影响。结果表明,随着PVA比例的增加,混合溶液的黏度逐渐增大,而电导率先增大后减小;当PBT/PVA的比例为90/10时,纳米纤维的平均直径最小,为323 nm,而其纳米纤维膜的力学性能与纯PBT纤维膜相比显著提高,拉伸强度、弹性模量和断裂伸长率分别增加了213%,260%和57%;PVA的加入改善PBT纤维的亲水性,制备出力学性能优异且亲水的PBT/PVA纤维膜。     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖复合电纺纤维膜的制备及表征

利用静电纺丝法制备了聚乙烯醇PVA/壳聚糖CS纳米纤维复合膜,并采用戊二醛蒸气对其交联处理。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察探讨了不同质量配比、助纺剂的添加以及电纺环境条件对复合纤维膜纤维直径及表面形貌的影响。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对PVA/CS复合纳米纤维膜做了特征官能团分析,并对其热力学性能及其耐水性进行了表征。结果表明滴加7%(V/V)二甲基亚砜、0.5%(V/V)丙三醇、0.5%(V/V)吐温80的3%(V/V)的乙酸为溶剂,PVA和CS质量配比为90/10,环境湿度0±15%电纺条件下制备的复合纤维形态均一,无珠串无液滴;FTIR研究显示,复合纤维的两种组分发生一定的相互作用,成功制备了戊二醛交联PVA/CS纳米纤维膜;热重(TG)、差热(DSC)结果都进一步说明CS和PVA之间形成氢键,戊二醛交联后复合纤维的热稳定性进一步增强。交联前后纤维膜的耐水性结果表明交联后的共混纤维膜有良好的抗溶解性,在水中可以很好的保持纤维的结构。     

NiB/PVDF-PVA纳米纤维催化剂的制备及其应用

通过静电纺丝技术首先制备了Ni Cl2/PVDF-PVA复合高分子纳米纤维,通过原位还原法得到了PVDF-PVA复合纳米纤维负载Ni B的非晶态合金催化剂,并把该催化剂用于Na BH4水解制氢反应。SEM表征表明,Ni Cl2/PVDF-PVA复合纳米纤维具有纤细微观纳米形貌,纤维直径均匀,介于50²00 nm。TG分析表明,Ni Cl2/PVDFPVA纳米纤维可以稳定到大约390℃,超过该温度纳米纤维开始发生热解,说明该纳米纤维催化剂载体具有适于硼氢化钠水解反应的热稳定性。接触角测试表明,PVA共纺显著提高了PVDF纳米纤维的亲水性,有利于Na BH4和水分子在催化剂表面上的接触反应。水解制氢实验表明,PVA共混静电纺丝法得到的Ni B/PVDF-PVA较Ni B/PVDF催化剂催化活性显著提高,该催化剂具有较好的应用前景。     

静电纺PLA微/纳米纤维膜的浸润性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术制备聚乳酸(PLA)微/纳米纤维膜,研究了其可纺性、浸润性能及结构。结果表明:以二氯甲烷为溶剂的PLA电纺丝溶液,当PLA质量分数为7%时,可纺出纤维直径为280～690 nm的PLA微/纳米纤维膜。PLA微/纳米纤维膜与水的接触角为127.6°,高于PLA流延膜与水的接触角107.7°;红外光谱分析表明,PLA微/纳米纤维膜的分子组成没有发生变化;X光电子能谱测试表明PLA微/纳米纤维膜的表面碳氧含量比高于PLA流延膜,PLA微/纳米纤维膜的疏水性得到提高。     

NiB/PVDF-PVA纳米纤维催化剂的制备及其应用

通过静电纺丝技术首先制备了Ni Cl2/PVDF-PVA复合高分子纳米纤维,通过原位还原法得到了PVDF-PVA复合纳米纤维负载Ni B的非晶态合金催化剂,并把该催化剂用于Na BH4水解制氢反应。SEM表征表明,Ni Cl2/PVDF-PVA复合纳米纤维具有纤细微观纳米形貌,纤维直径均匀,介于50~200 nm。TG分析表明,Ni Cl2/PVDFPVA纳米纤维可以稳定到大约390℃,超过该温度纳米纤维开始发生热解,说明该纳米纤维催化剂载体具有适于硼氢化钠水解反应的热稳定性。接触角测试表明,PVA共纺显著提高了PVDF纳米纤维的亲水性,有利于Na BH4和水分子在催化剂表面上的接触反应。水解制氢实验表明,PVA共混静电纺丝法得到的Ni B/PVDF-PVA较Ni B/PVDF催化剂催化活性显著提高,该催化剂具有较好的应用前景。     

Fabrication and DOE Optimization of Electrospun Chitosan/Gelatin/PVA Nanofibers for Skin Tissue Engineering

Chitosan/gelatin-based nanofibers display excellent biological performance in tissue engineering because of their biocompatible composition and nanofibrous structure with a high surface-to-volume ratio mimicking the native extracellular matrix. In this study, to save time and cost of experiments, a response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) is developed to predict the mean diameter of (chitosan:gelatin)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers in three volume ratios of chitosan:gelatin by considering PVA percentage, applied voltage, and flow rate as input variables. The morphology and chemical composition of nanofibers are investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The optimum conditions to yield the minimum diameter of nanofibers with chitosan:gelatin ratios of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 are found and result in 165, 121, and 92 nm, respectively, which show good accordance with BBD estimated results. The tensile testing indicates that nanofibers containing higher ratio of chitosan:gelatin result in higher tensile stress and lower toughness and tensile strain. The water contact angle analysis (WCA) shows the appropriate hydrophilicity of crosslinked nanofibers. The MTT assay shows excellent cell viability and cell attachment of nanofibers for mouse fibroblast (L929) cells. The results indicate that optimum nanofibers are potent candidates for wound healing applications.     

纳米SiO2改性海藻酸钠/壳聚糖双极膜的制备与表征

在壳聚糖(CS)阴离子交换膜层中添加纳米SiO2,制备了PVA-SA/SiO2-CS双极膜(其中,PVA:聚乙烯醇;SA:海藻酸钠),并用扫描电镜、热重、电子万能试验机、接触角测定仪、J-V关系和交流阻抗谱等对其进行了表征。研究结果表明,双极膜经纳米SiO2改性后,亲水性得以提高,壳聚糖膜的接触角从104.01°下降到78.39°。膜亲水性的提高增强了膜与水分子间的作用,减弱了水的键合力,促进了中间界面层水的解离,降低了双极膜电阻压降(IR降)和槽电压,当电流密度为45 mA.cm.2时,槽电压从9.0 V下降到6.2 V。此外,添加纳米SiO2还可提高双极膜热稳定性和机械性能,双极膜的断裂伸长率从81.29%提高到87.67%,杨氏模量从30.68 MPa提高到79.59 MPa。     

静电纺壳聚糖/PVA纳米纤维膜对甲基橙的吸附特性

以静电纺丝制备的壳聚糖(CS)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维膜为吸附剂,研究了反应时间、甲基橙初始质量浓度、膜吸附剂用量和pH值对吸附甲基橙染料的影响,并通过吸附动力学行为和吸附等温线研究了其吸附机制。结果表明:当pH值在5～9之间、甲基橙初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附剂用量为30 mg、反应时间为60～120 min之间时,吸附效果最佳且吸附平衡时间为3 h;CS/PVA膜对甲基橙的吸附既有物理吸附也有化学吸附,化学吸附占主导作用,CS/PVA膜对甲基橙的吸附符合Langmuir等温线和拟二级动力学模型。     

纳米SnO2-TiO2改性双极膜的制备及表征

将纳米SnO2-TiO2复合半导体材料添加到壳聚糖(CS)阴离子交换膜中,制备了PVA-CMC/nano-SnO2-TiO2-CS双极膜(CMC羧甲基纤维素钠,PVA聚乙烯醇),并用扫描电镜、接触角测定仪等对其进行了表征。研究表明,添加纳米SnO2-TiO2可提高双极膜的亲水性和机械性能。在高压汞灯照射下,纳米SnO2-TiO2复合半导体材料较纳米SnO2或纳米TiO2单一半导体材料具有更强的光催化双极膜中间界面层水解离能力,从而大大降低双极膜的膜阻抗和膜电阻压降(即IR降)。     

Preparation and characterization of bipolar membranes modified using photocatalyst nano‐TiO2 and nano‐ZnO

The nano‐ZnO and nano‐TiO₂ were added into chitosan (CS) anion layer to prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ‐ sodium alginate (SA)/ TiO₂‐ZnO‐CS (here, PVA:polyvinyl alcohol; SA:sodium alginate) bipolar membrane (BPM), which was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), electric universal testing machine, contact angle measurer, and so on. Experimental results showed that nano‐TiO₂‐ZnO exhibited better photocatalytic property for water splitting at the interlayer of BPM than nano‐TiO₂ or nano‐ZnO. The membrane impedance and voltage drop (IR drop) of the BPM were obviously decreased under the irradiation of high‐pressure mercury lamps. At a current density of 60 mA/cm², the cell voltage of PVA‐SA/TiO₂‐ZnO‐CS BPM‐equipped cell decreased by 1.0 V. And the cell voltages of PVA‐SA/TiO₂‐CS BPM‐equipped cell and PVA‐SA/ZnO‐CS BPM‐equipped cell were only reduced by 0.7 and 0.6 V, respectively. Furthermore, the hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the modified BPM were increased. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Electrospinning of chitosan/PVA nanofibrous membrane at ultralow solvent concentration

In this work, chitin flakes were deacetylated with 50% (w/v) sodium hydroxide under nitrogen atmosphere at 120 °C for 80 min to obtain chitosan. The chitosan produced was characterized for degree of deacetylation (DD) and molecular weight. Chitosan with the DD of 78–80% was reproducibly obtained. Molecular weight showed an inverse relationship with concentration of NaOH. Chitosan nanofibrous membrane was prepared via the electrospinning of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CH/PVA) aqueous solutions with varying blend compositions. The characteristics of CH/PVA nanofibrous membranes were studied as a function of viscosity of solution and applied voltage. A uniform nanofibrous membrane of average fibre diameter of 80–300 nm was obtained with blend of 2% (w/v) chitosan solution in 1% (v/v) acetic acid and 5% (w/v) PVA in distilled water in the electric field of 20–25 kV with varying proportion of CH/PVA. With the CH/PVA mass ratios; 40/60 to 10/90, electrospinning of nanofibres could be done. The electrospun nanofibrous membrane was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM images showed that the morphology and diameter of the nanofibres were mainly affected by the weight ratio of CH/PVA. XRD and FTIR confirmed the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the molecules of Chitosan and PVA.     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜的氢键和相容性

采用溶液共混法制备了不同配比的壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜,通过变温FTIR、TG、DTA、DSC及XRD等对共混膜的结构、氢键相互作用、热行为和结晶性等进行研究。实验结果表明,共混膜中壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇间存在强烈的氢键相互作用。氢键的存在使壳聚糖的热稳定性提高,聚乙烯醇结晶性下降,促进壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇相容。当壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜的质量比分别为10/0、7/3、5/5、3/7和0/10时,共混膜的初始分解温度分别为244 ℃、257 ℃、260 ℃、262 ℃和285 ℃。聚乙烯醇熔融温度从193 ℃下降到173 ℃,玻璃化转变温度从74.2 ℃上升至80 ℃,结晶度Xc从3.57%下降到1.97%。     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖共混纤维毡的制备与表征

将不同质量比的聚乙烯醇(PVA)和壳聚糖(CS)溶于甲酸中配制成共混溶液进行静电纺丝,得到PVA/CS共混纤维毡。对纤维毡进行原子力显微镜(AFM)表征、红外光谱分析和吸水性能测试。结果表明:共混溶液中PVA质量分数为8%,CS质量分数为4%时,静电纺丝效果较好,纤维光滑平直,平均直径为307 nm,;红外光谱分析表明,PVA和CS共混时,大分子之间产生了较强的氢键作用,CS原有的结晶结构在一定程度上被破坏;PVA/CS共混纤维毡的吸水量和吸水速率都小于PVA纤维毡。     

Fabrication and characterization of chitosan/PVA with hydroxyapatite biocomposite nanoscaffolds

Nanofibrous biocomposite scaffolds of chitosan (CS), PVA, and hydroxyapatite (HA) were prepared by electrospinning. The scaffolds were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, and XRD techniques. Tensile testing was used for the characterization of mechanical properties. Mouse fibroblasts (L929) attachment and proliferation on the nanofibrous scaffold were investigated by MTT assay and SEM observation. FTIR, TEM, and XRD results showed the presence of nanoHA in the scaffolds. The scaffolds have porous nanofibrous morphology with random fibers in the range of 100–700 nm diameters. The CS/PVA (90/10) fibrous matrix (without HA) showed a tensile strength of 3.1 ± 0.2 MPa and a tensile modulus 10 ± 1 MPa with a strain at failure of 21.1 ± 0.6%. Increase the content of HA up to 2% increased the ultimate tensile strength and tensile modulus, but further increase HA up to 5–10% caused the decrease of tensile strength and tensile modulus. The attachment and growth of mouse fibroblast was on the surface of nanofibrous structure, and cells' morphology characteristics and viability were unaffected. A combination of nanofibrous CS/PVA and HA that mimics the nanoscale features of the extra cellular matrix could be promising for application as scaffolds for tissue regeneration, especially in low or nonload bearing areas. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008