水平管降膜吸收局部传热传质特性的数值模拟

为分析滴状和柱状流型下纯水蒸气水平管外降膜吸收过程的局部传热传质特性,建立非稳态数值模型考虑吸收过程中降膜区和管间区内液相的实际流动特征及气液两相的传质,同时对多管排区域采用实际边界条件,且考虑气液两相的传热过程。溶液的液膜Reynolds数范围为11~38。结果表明,与文献实验对比,相同流量下溶液出口浓度和温度的平均相对误差在2%以内;滴状和柱状流型下,降膜区溶液的平均浓度和温度均迅速下降,管间区先上升后下降,降膜区溶液的局部吸收速率分别约为管间区的10倍和7倍;柱状流型下降膜区的吸收速率明显小于滴状流型,管间区相差很小;吸收达到稳定后,滴状流型下溶液的平均浓度和温度变化均大于柱状流型,四排管降膜区溶液的浓度变化量依次增大,温度变化量依次减小。     

水平管降膜吸收局部传热传质特性的数值模拟

为分析滴状和柱状流型下纯水蒸气水平管外降膜吸收过程的局部传热传质特性,建立非稳态数值模型考虑吸收过程中降膜区和管间区内液相的实际流动特征及气液两相的传质,同时对多管排区域采用实际边界条件,且考虑气液两相的传热过程。溶液的液膜Reynolds数范围为11~38。结果表明,与文献实验对比,相同流量下溶液出口浓度和温度的平均相对误差在2%以内;滴状和柱状流型下,降膜区溶液的平均浓度和温度均迅速下降,管间区先上升后下降,降膜区溶液的局部吸收速率分别约为管间区的10倍和7倍;柱状流型下降膜区的吸收速率明显小于滴状流型,管间区相差很小;吸收达到稳定后,滴状流型下溶液的平均浓度和温度变化均大于柱状流型,四排管降膜区溶液的浓度变化量依次增大,温度变化量依次减小。     

膜反转板式降膜吸收过程的理论研究

将板式降膜吸收和膜反转技术相结合,开发了一种新形式的降膜型吸收器,即膜反转板式降膜吸收器.通过对这种吸收器进行流动传热传质分析,建立了描述其物理过程的数学模型,采用流函数将控制方程进行变换,用有限差分法将变换后的方程离散,由TDMA方法编程计算这种膜反转板式降膜吸收器溴化锂溶液降膜吸收的过程,对比分析板式、膜反转板式降膜吸收计算结果表明,在同样的条件下膜反转板式降膜吸收器比板式降膜吸收器传热传质性能更好.     

竖直管外降膜吸收传热传质过程强化的研究

对LiBr溶液在光滑管和四种换热强化管竖直管外降膜吸收过程进行了实验研究，得到了实验条件下的最佳管型，分析了非绝热吸收过程中传热传质相互作用，相互影响的关系，建立了竖直管外降膜吸收热－质传递过程的数学模型，并对该过程进行了数值计算，模型计算值与实验结果的比较证明该模型具有较好的适用性。     

膜反转板式降膜吸收过程

结合板式降膜技术与膜反转技术的优势,提出了一种新型膜反转板式降膜吸收器。设计并建立了膜反转板式降膜吸收试验台,在试验台上完成了不同吸收压力、溶液流量、进口温度、冷却条件等对膜反转板式降膜吸收器传热传质性能影响的系列实验研究,得到该吸收器的传热传质性能。为膜反转板式降膜热质传递设备的科学研究、工程设计和实际应用提供了一定依据,也为进一步开发高效紧凑的热质传递元件及设备提供了一些方法和思路。     

磁场作用下垂直管外氨水降膜吸收的模型研究

在氨气吸收过程中增加了宏观磁场力，考虑了吸收过程中降膜溶液膜厚的变化、膜厚方向的对流以及氨水溶液物性的变化，建立了磁场条件下垂直管外氨水降膜吸收数学模型。在磁感应强度0－3T范围内，对数学模型进行数值求解，得到温度、浓度、速度分布等参数。结果显示磁场对于氨水降膜吸收过程有一定的增强作用。     

LiCl溶液垂直管外降膜发生效果的实验

为了探究LiCl水溶液在低位太阳能吸收式制冷系统中的发生过程中的传热传质效果,在降膜发生实验装置基础上研究了LiCl水溶液在垂直管外降膜发生的传热传质过程。阐述了不同运行工况如不同的热水和溶液的流量、热源的温度、溶液的浓度和系统压力对LiCl水溶液发生过程传热传质效果的影响。同时也进行了相同工况下LiBr水溶液的对比实验。结果表明相同运行工况下LiCl水溶液降膜发生过程和LiBr水溶液的降膜发生过程有着相似的变化规律。虽然LiCl水溶液的垂直降膜发生速率略低于LiBr水溶液,但传质效果相差不大,LiCl溶液的低运行浓度有利于循环热力性能的提升。     

LiCl溶液垂直管外降膜发生效果的实验

为了探究LiCl水溶液在低位太阳能吸收式制冷系统中的发生过程中的传热传质效果,在降膜发生实验装置基础上研究了LiCl水溶液在垂直管外降膜发生的传热传质过程。阐述了不同运行工况如不同的热水和溶液的流量、热源的温度、溶液的浓度和系统压力对LiCl水溶液发生过程传热传质效果的影响。同时也进行了相同工况下LiBr水溶液的对比实验。结果表明相同运行工况下LiCl水溶液降膜发生过程和LiBr水溶液的降膜发生过程有着相似的变化规律。虽然LiCl水溶液的垂直降膜发生速率略低于LiBr水溶液,但传质效果相差不大,LiCl溶液的低运行浓度有利于循环热力性能的提升。     

伞板式降膜蒸发器传热性能的实验研究

本文以水和5％～40％的碳酸钾溶液为工作介质，对伞板式降膜蒸发器的传热性能进行了实验研究，分析了影响伞板式降膜蒸发器传热的主要因素，并且得到了伞板降膜蒸发侧无因次传热系数的实验关联式。通过对液膜破裂的实验研究，证明了此结构的蒸发器在小流量情况下液膜不易破裂的特性。     

降膜蒸发管内插往复螺旋强化传热实验研究

为有效解决降膜蒸发器加热管中传热效率与结垢问题，提出了一种降膜蒸发管内插往复螺旋强化传热技术，强化管内插螺旋运动与管壁碰撞过程。实验研究内插螺旋的结构参数、螺旋往复行程，以及热通量、蒸发压力以及溶液喷淋密度等工艺参数对降膜蒸发过程传热性能影响。实验结果表明，此技术的除垢防垢性能及传热性能优于空管及单纯的内插螺旋性能，在螺旋外径d=30 mm、螺距f=45 mm、丝径e=1.8 mm、往复行程H=100 mm时，其传热系数分别是空管和单纯的内插螺旋的2.08和1.26倍。通过对管内蒸发侧传热系数进行分析，总结得到与热通量、蒸发压力以及溶液喷淋密度相关的降膜蒸发传热系数关联式。     

双面膜反转强化吸收过程传热传质

提出了一种双面液膜反转方案,竖直布置2组或2组以上交叉双尺度波纹板束为传热面,在上板束各对板底部设置耙形导流器,交叉地将上板束各对板两侧的液膜引至下板束异侧,然后利用液膜与具有水平沟槽的波纹板片上的表面张力作用使反转后的下降液膜均匀化,以此实现液膜反转和交叉双尺度波纹板技术的复合强化。建立了溴化锂水溶液在2段光滑平板上降膜反转吸收过程的传热传质数学模型并进行了数值计算。给出了反转液膜前后液膜内流场、温度场、质量分数分布计算结果,并讨论了溴化锂水溶液降膜吸收传热和传质过程中反转次数对传热和传质系数的影响。     

Heat and mass transfer on the wavy film absorption process

Recently the absorption heat pumps and chillers have received considerable attention due to their low electricity consumption rate. Therefore, it is important to understand the transport mechanism of an absorption process. In this paper, a numerical study of the heat and mass transfer taking place on a wavy falling liquid film of an absorption process is presented. With previously solved periodic wavy film flow solutions, the finite difference method is employed to solve the heat and mass transport equations. The numerical solution indicates that the waves significantly increase the transport rates. A comparison of the transfer rates of the wavy film to that of the smooth film is presented to show that the mass transfer rate can be doubled.     

高温热管翅的传热性能分析

对目前国内长度最短的与最长的高温热管翅进行传热性能比较。试验结果表明,两根高温热管翅具有相似的起动温度曲线,起动温度均比理论值高出约30℃左右;理论分析发现,高温热管翅主要受到声速传热极限和携带传热极限的制约;进一步研究表明,最长高温热管翅的传热系数值约是最短高温热管翅的10倍。     

Evaporative Heat Transfer of Annular Two-phase Flow of Air-water in a Small Vertical Tube

The evaporative heat transfer of the non-boiling annular two-phase flow of air-water in a small vertical tube with uniform wall heat flux was studied both theoretically and experimentally. A simplified two-phase flow boundary layer model was used to calculate the thickness of the water film attached to the wall, and from the liquid film thickness the evaporative heat transfer coefficients of the annular two-phase flow were obtained. Theoretical equations and semi-theoretical equations were proposed for predicting the evaporative heat transfer of the annular two-phase flow of air-water in a small vertical tube. The semi-theoretical prediction agrees well with the experimental data. The mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement is the evaporation of the thin liquid film attached on the wall.     

Evaporative Heat Transfer of Annular Two-phase Flow of Air-water in a Small Vertical Tube

The evaporative heat transfer of the non-boiling annular two-phase flow of air-water in a small vertical tube with uniform wall heat flux was studied both theoretically and experimentally. A simplified two-phase flow boundary layer model was used to calculate the thickness of the water film attached to the wall, and from the liquid film thickness the evaporative heat transfer coefficients of the annular two-phase flow were obtained. Theoretical equations and semi-theoretical equations were proposed for predicting the evaporative heat transfer of the annular two-phase flow of air-water in a small vertical tube. The semi-theoretical prediction agrees well with the experimental data. The mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement is the evaporation of the thin liquid film attached on the wall.     

纳米流体应用于热管的前景

纳米流体作为一种新型传热冷却工质已成功应用于热管强化传热领域。分析了纳米流体及热管的技术进展,指出纳米流体应用于热管可以明显降低热阻,强化传热性能,增大最大功率。从目前的研究情况来看,需要从热管的使用寿命、可靠性和经济性等技术问题开展进一步的工作,有必要对纳米流体热管及其传热机理和传热性能进行深入研究与完善。     

Identification of Physical Phenomena Governing Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer of Binary Mixtures

A model based on first principles is presented to compute nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficients. It includes microscale heat and mass transfer phenomena in the so‐called micro region, i.e., the thin film area where the liquid vapor phase interface approaches the wall. The model is verified by comparing calculated to measured heat transfer coefficients. Parameter studies allowed to identify physical phenomena governing the typical reduction of binary mixture heat transfer coefficients compared to the ideal heat transfer coefficient, i.e., the molar average of the heat transfer coefficients of the two pure components of the mixture. These are bubble site density and departure diameter that deviate from the corresponding values of the two pure components. Furthermore, overall heat transfer is decreased by strong concentration gradients in the micro region.     

THE EFFECT OF FREE STREAM CONCENTRATION ON HEAT AND BINARY MASS TRANSFER WITH THERMODYNAMIC COUPLING IN CONVECTION ON A ROTATING DISC†

Simultaneous heat and mass transfer, which arises from injecting a gas (helium or hydrogen) from or through the solid surface into a flowing external stream, has been studied for a rotating disc geometry. The effects of concentration levels of the injected gas in the external stream on the thermodynamic coupling in the presence of centrifugal force have been investigated over a wide range of T_w/T_e.

Boundary layer equations for heat and mass transfer were solved numerically. Exact and linearized approximate solutions were obtained. The results have shown that the thermal diffusion effect on mass transfer becomes increasingly important as the free stream concentration increases and as T_w/T_e departs from unity. The diffusion thermo effect on heat transfer was found to be the most important when the free stream concentration is zero and as T_w/T_e approaches unity.     

Mathematical Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Gas Absorption on a Drop of a Volatile Absorbent

A model of simultaneous heat and mass transfer in absorption of component A from a gas mixture in a drop of a volatile absorbent at commensurable phase resistances is constructed based on the known model of heat and mass transfer inside a drop. Heat and mass transfers in the gas phase are described in terms of the heat and mass transfer coefficients. The relation between the dimensionless mole fraction of component A and temperature averaged over the drop volume and the mole fraction and temperature at the drop surface is found using Duhamel’s principle and the balance of the heat and mass flows at the interface. The solutions of the resulting integro-differential equations are presented as a series of exponential functions with constant coefficients, as is the solution of the internal problem. For the process of absorption of ammonia in a water drop, the dimensionless average temperature in the drop as a function of time are given at different concentrations of vapor in the bulk of the dispersion medium.__________Translated from Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2005, pp. 401–406.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Murav’ev.     

Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer Enhancement of Oscillating-Flow Heat Pipe by Acoustic Cavitation

Experimental investigations on the heat transfer characteristics of an oscillating-flow heat pipe with acoustic cavitation in comparison with the ordinary oscillating-flow heat pipe are given in this article. The experimental results showed that the heat transfer rate of an oscillating-flow heat pipe with an acoustic cavitation field imposed on the evaporator section was higher than that without a cavitation field by 8–24.5%. It has been proved that acoustic cavitation can enhance the heat transfer performance of an oscillating-flow heat pipe. However, for the case of acoustic cavitation applied on the condenser section, not all ultrasonic fields applied were effective, and the heat transfer rate increased from ?39 to 77%. Further discussion on the experimental results is provided.