含苯并咪唑结构双马来酰亚胺的合成与表征

针对结构复合材料高耐温等级的应用需求,从改善双马来酰亚胺(BMI)树脂基体性能出发,采用分子设计的方法,将刚性苯并咪唑环结构引入单体主链中,以共沸甲苯法合成出含单苯并咪唑结构双马来酰亚胺单体(BZBMI)和含邻苯并咪唑结构双马来酰亚胺单体(OBZ-BMI)。采用核磁共振氢谱与傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱对中间产物和目标产物的结构进行表征。采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法和热重(TG)分析法研究了单体的固化行为及固化物的热稳定性。DSC曲线结果表明,BZ-BMI与OBZ-BMI在210～370℃温度范围内进行交联固化,其固化行为受链段长度、分子结构规整性与相互作用力影响较大;同时,结合DSC曲线确定了单体的固化工艺为200℃/2 h+250℃/2 h+330℃/6 h;FTIR分析表明此工艺可以完全固化。TG分析表明,其热分解温度与二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺(BDM)相当,而P (BZ-BMI)与P (OBZ-BMI)在800℃下残炭率分别为74.7%与70.4%,远高于P (BDM)的测试值(48.3%),说明苯并咪唑结构的引入有效提高了BMI的耐热阻燃性能;OBZ-BMI共聚改性体系保持了...     

含醚键结构双马来酰亚胺体系固化动力学及耐热性能的研究

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热失重法(TGA)详细研究了新型双马来酰亚胺(BMI)树脂体系的固化反应和耐热性能.研究结果表明,BMPN(2,7-二(4-马来酰亚胺)苯醚基萘)树脂由于萘环结构的存在,在固化反应及耐热性能方面与BMPB(1,4二(4-马来酰亚胺)苯醚基苯)、BMPA(4,4'-二(4-马来酰亚胺)苯醚基...     

环氧树脂与氰酸酯共固化反应的研究—Ⅰ.固化反应行为、机理及其固化物结构特征

应用DSC、FT-IR对乙酰丙酮过渡金属络合物催化促进的环氧树脂与氰酸酯共固化反应行为、历程以及固化物的结构特征进行了研究探讨。结果表明,促进剂能够明显降低固化反应温度,缩短固化反应时间。反应历程首先是氰酸酯发生自聚反应形成二聚体或三聚体（三嗪环）,然后二聚体可进一步其聚形成三嗪环,此过程伴随着环氧基的聚醚反应,最后是三嗪环与剩余的环氧基反应形成恶唑烷酮,在氰酸酯适量的条件下,固化树脂中主要是恶唑烷酮和聚醚结构,三嗪环结构很少;在氰酸酯适量或过量条件下,固化树脂主要是三嗪环和恶唑烷酮结构,聚醚结构很少。     

新型聚三唑酯和聚三唑醚树脂的合成及性能

合成了三种含酯基和三种含醚键的炔单体,通过核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、质谱(MS)、液相色谱(LC)对其结构进行了表征。用这六种炔单体与叠氮单体反应制备了一系列新型聚三唑酯树脂(PTAE)和聚三唑醚树脂(PTAO)。利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、FT-IR、动态力学热分析(DMA)、力学试验机和热失重分析(TGA)表征了树脂的固化行为、固化树脂的力学性能、耐热性和热稳定性。结果表明PTAE和PTAO树脂易溶于有机溶剂,可低温(60℃)固化,固化树脂的弯曲强度超过了100 MPa,可达158 MPa,玻璃化转变温度(T _g)超过180℃,高者达251℃,热分解温度可达360℃。     

新型聚三唑酯和聚三唑醚树脂的合成及性能

合成了三种含酯基和三种含醚键的炔单体,通过核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、质谱(MS)、液相色谱(LC)对其结构进行了表征。用这六种炔单体与叠氮单体反应制备了一系列新型聚三唑酯树脂(PTAE)和聚三唑醚树脂(PTAO)。利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、FT-IR、动态力学热分析(DMA)、力学试验机和热失重分析(TGA)表征了树脂的固化行为、固化树脂的力学性能、耐热性和热稳定性。结果表明PTAE和PTAO树脂易溶于有机溶剂,可低温(60℃)固化,固化树脂的弯曲强度超过了100 MPa,可达158 MPa,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)超过180℃,高者达251℃,热分解温度可达360℃。     

双马来酰亚胺/氰酸酯/聚芳醚砜预聚物固化机理和动力学研究

通过FT-IR和DSC等对N,N-4,4’-二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺树脂(BMI)、双酚A型氰酸酯(BADCy)和聚芳醚砜(PES-C)的共固化反应进行研究。结果表明,固化过程前期的主反应是氰酸酯和双马来酰亚胺的自聚反应,固化反应进行2h以后,氰酸酯和双马来酰亚胺共聚反应成为主反应。动力学研究确定了树脂固化反应的活化能(Ea=70.765k J·mol-1),频率因子(ln A=16.6)和反应级数(n=0.923)。并根据动力学数据确定了树脂的固化条件。     

E-51环氧树脂改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂的研究

采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究了E-51环氧树脂改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂(BADCy)体系的反应活性、反应机理及固化工艺,通过TGA分析了不同含量E-51环氧树脂改性BADCy后固化物的热性能,并测定了体系的吸水率及力学性能。结果表明,随着E-51环氧树脂用量的增加,BADCy改性体系的反应活性逐渐提高,固化温度逐渐降低;用环氧树脂改性BADCy生成了恶唑烷酮等芳杂环结构,降低了氰酸酯树脂体系的三嗪环交联密度,增加了体系的韧性;改性后材料的起始热分解温度均在380℃以上,吸水率均低于2%。     

含三嗪环的酸酐固化剂合成及其环氧固化物性能研究

将桐油(TO)经过三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯(THEIC)改性处理后再引入顺丁烯二酸酐(MA),得到新型含有三嗪环的酸酐固化剂(TTA)。通过红外光谱分析确定了其结构,用TGA分析结果表明,其与E44环氧树脂的固化物耐热指数达到174.5℃,在空气气氛中的热老化性能优于用THEIC和双马来酰亚胺改性的桐油酸酐固化剂的环氧固化物。     

环氧树脂改性双马来酰亚胺/氰酸酯树脂固化工艺研究

采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法和红外光谱(FT-IR)法对缩水甘油胺型环氧树脂(AG-80)与脂环族缩水甘油酯型环氧树脂(TDE-85)共同改性双马来酰亚胺(BMI)/氰酸酯树脂(CE)的固化反应历程进行了研究,并按照Kissinger和Crane法计算出该改性树脂体系固化反应的动力学参数。结果表明:改性树脂体系的固化反应表观活化能为68.11 kJ/mol,固化反应级数为0.860(接近于1级反应);环氧树脂(EP)可促进CE固化,当固化工艺条件为"150℃/3 h→180℃/2 h"时,改性树脂体系可以固化完全。     

双马来酰亚胺/氰酸酯共固化树脂的研究进展

介绍了双马来酰亚胺/氰酸酯(BMI/CE)树脂的固化机制及其应用范围,特别综述了BMI/CE树脂的改性研究(如新型结构树脂单体改性、环氧树脂改性、烯丙基化合物改性和聚苯醚改性等)。最后对BMI/CE树脂今后的研究与发展方向进行了展望。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.