航空燃油高闪点防冰剂防冰效果的研究

利用油中冰霜模拟实验法、水结冰点实验法和动态低温过滤性实验法对高闪点防冰剂的防冰效果进行了考察,结果表明新研防冰剂具有明显的防冰效果,可有效防止航空燃油中的水分析出。     

中美俄防冰剂性能对比研究(I)-航空燃油闪点影响对比

选取了两种不同炼制工艺的航空燃油,考察了中美俄3国在用防冰剂对航空燃油闭口闪点的影响。结果表明:在规定的浓度范围内,中国在用乙二醇甲醚防冰剂可将航空燃油的闭口闪点降低2~3℃,美国在用二乙二醇甲醚防冰剂不会降低航空燃油的闭口闪点,俄罗斯在用乙二醇乙醚防冰剂可将航空燃油的闭口闪点降低1℃;为了避免防冰剂的加入引起航空燃油闪点的降低,我国应用二乙二醇甲醚防冰剂代替目前使用的乙二醇甲醚防冰剂。     

喷气燃料高闪点防冰剂合成的研究

采用浸渍法制备了ZnNi复合金属氧化物催化剂,以环氧乙烷和甲醇为原料,合成了防冰剂基础组分,加入抗氧剂和金属钝化剂等添加剂之后,制成高闪点防冰剂。实验结果表明:浸渍顺序对催化剂性能有明显的影响,锌镍比为3的催化剂性能较好,制成的高闪点防冰剂基本性能指标满足美军标MIL-DTL-85470B和GJB 8456-2015要求,可有效防止喷气燃料中的水结晶。     

燃料添加剂的发展现状及趋势

介绍了国内外燃料中抗爆剂、抗氧剂、金属钝化剂、防冰剂、抗静电剂、抗磨防锈剂等燃油添加剂的作用、生产、应用及研究等方面的概况。并对我国燃料添加剂的发展提出了建议。     

我国航空生物燃料的开发情况

在全球航空业的CO_2排放量呈逐年增加态势的今天,航空生物燃料因CO_2排放量比传统的以石油为原料的航空燃料少50%而倍受关注。美国、欧洲等国家及地区正在加快航空生物燃料的使用进程,并走在了世界前列,我国也正在进行航空生物燃料的开发及应用。介绍了我国航空燃料的生产及消费情况,全球航空业的CO_2排放情况,同时介绍了我国航空生物燃料的开发情况,最后提出了几点建议。     

我国航空生物燃料的开发情况

在全球航空业的CO_2排放量呈逐年增加态势的今天,航空生物燃料因CO_2排放量比传统的以石油为原料的航空燃料少50%而倍受关注。美国、欧洲等国家及地区正在加快航空生物燃料的使用进程,并走在了世界前列,我国也正在进行航空生物燃料的开发及应用。介绍了我国航空燃料的生产及消费情况,全球航空业的CO_2排放情况,同时介绍了我国航空生物燃料的开发情况,最后提出了几点建议。     

中美俄防冰剂性能对比研究(Ⅱ)——毒性对比

考察了乙二醇甲醚防冰剂(EGME)、二乙二醇甲醚防冰剂(DEGME)、乙二醇乙醚防冰剂(EGEE)3种防冰剂的毒性对比,分别进行了小鼠急性经口毒性实验、家兔皮肤刺激实验、家兔眼刺激实验、大鼠急性吸入毒性实验。结果表明3种防冰剂的毒性作用从大至小为EGME、EGEE、DEGME;为了避免防冰剂的加注及使用对人体造成伤害,我国应用二乙二醇甲醚防冰剂代替目前使用的乙二醇甲醚防冰剂。     

燃料添加剂的发展现状及趋势

介绍了国内外燃料中抗爆剂、抗氧剂、金属钝化剂、防冰剂、抗静电剂、抗磨防锈剂等燃油添加剂的作用、生产、应用及研究等方面的概况。并对我国燃料添加剂的发展提出了建议     

乙二醇单甲醚防冰剂对吸热型碳氢燃料的裂解特性研究

探究了乙二醇单甲醚防冰剂对吸热型碳氢燃料裂解的影响,其中乙二醇单甲醚加入的质量百分比分别为0.05%,0.10%,0.15%,0.20%。利用微型气相色谱仪、气相色谱-质谱联用仪、CO2红外分析仪对燃料裂解气相产物、液相产物、结焦量等进行分析。结果表明,乙二醇单甲醚在低温下对燃料的裂解影响并不明显,但在高温(≥650℃)条件下能够促进燃料的裂解,产气率和热沉增大。添加0.15%乙二醇单甲醚时,燃料裂解产生的结焦量最少,与对照组相比,降低了42.44%。     

航空生物燃料制备技术综述及展望

开发可再生航空生物替代燃料是航空运输业实现航空碳减排并降低燃油成本的重要措施之一。本文简要介绍了航空生物燃料的3种合成技术,费托合成技术、氢化处理技术以及生物合成烃技术,并对各种技术的应用前景作了简单对比和分析。     

Relationship between hydrogenation degree and pyrolysis performance of jet fuel

Understanding the relationship between the chemical composition and pyrolysis performance of endothermic hydrocarbon fuel(EHF)is of great significance for the design and optimization of advanced EHFs.In this work,the effect of deep hydrogenation on the pyrolysis of commercial RP-3 is investigated.Fuels with different hydrogenation degrees were obtained by the partially and completely catalytic hydrogenation and their pyrolysis performances were investigated using an apparatus equipped with an electrically heated tubular reactor.The results show that with the increase of hydrogenation degree,fuel conversion almost remains constant during the pyrolysis process(500-650 ℃,4 MPa);however,the heat sink increases slightly,and the anti-coking performance significantly improves,which are highly related to their H/C ratios.Detailed characterisations reveal that the difference of the pyrolysis perfor-mance can be ascribed to the content of aromatics and cycloalkanes:the former are prone to initiate secondary reactions to form coking precursors,while the latter could act as the hydrogen donor and release hydrogen,which will terminate the radical propagation reactions and suppress the coke depo-sition.This work should provide the guidance for upgrading EHFs by modulating the composition of EHFs.     

环氧改性硅油的制备与表征及应用进展

重点阐述了环氧改性硅油的各种合成方法(如硅氢化加成法、本体聚合法和乳液聚合法等)以及它们各自的特点,概述了环氧改性硅油的表征方法。环氧改性硅油兼具聚硅氧烷和环氧基的双重性质,从而使其具有链段柔顺、耐热,并具反应性、吸附性等特点。介绍了环氧改性硅油在纤维整理、树脂改性、光固化防黏隔离剂、涂料添加剂等方面的应用。最后展望了环氧改性硅油的应用前景。     

固体醇燃料的制备

用硝化纤维素作凝胶剂合成了固体醇燃料,并研究了各组分的作用及影响。与传统固体醇燃料相比,用硝化纤维素作凝胶剂制成的固体醇燃料具有价廉易得、燃烧热值高、燃后残渣少、不产生黑烟、不需要加热或改性处理等优点。     

改性纳米碳酸钙对环氧树脂胶粘剂性能的影响

采用剪切强度测定、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、交流阻抗(EIS)及其他测试方法研究了DL-α-丙氨酸改性纳米碳酸钙(CaCO3)对环氧树脂(EP)胶粘剂性能的影响。研究结果表明:对含改性纳米CaCO3的EP胶粘剂而言,其剪切强度比含未改性纳米CaCO3的EP胶粘剂提高了2MPa,其热分解温度比未加纳米CaCO3的EP胶粘剂提高了10℃,并且其耐蚀性能也得到显著提高;填料分散性良好且无明显的团聚现象。     

Density of rocket propellant (RP-1 fuel) at high temperatures and high pressures

Density of rocket propellant (RP-1 fuel) has been measured with a constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. Measurements were made in the temperature range from 301 to 745 K and at pressures up to 60 MPa. The uncertainty of density, pressure, and temperature measurements were estimated to be 0.1%, 0.05%, and 15 mK, respectively. The measured values of density were compared with the data reported in the literature and with the values calculated from a surrogate mixture model (equation of state). The average absolute deviation (AAD) between the present data and the values reported in the literature was 0.13%.     

聚醚改性聚硅氧烷消泡剂的合成及性能

以含氢聚硅氧烷与聚醚合成了聚醚改性聚硅氧烷消泡剂,探讨了不同反应条件及复配对转化率和消泡性能的影响。确定了最佳合成条件和复配物：反应条件为100℃∽105℃、10h∽12h、含氢聚硅氧烷与聚醚摩尔比1：2,前者转化率可达80％以上;复配加入质量分数为10％的硅油和质量分数2％的乳化剂,制得的消泡剂可与当前国内外同类消泡剂性能媲美。     

一种新型改性胺固化剂的研制

用多元胺和缩水甘油醚、丙烯腈等进行改性反应,获得一种高性能改性胺固化剂。     

海泥电池Fe_3O_4/PANI复合阳极制备及电化学性能

由FeCl2、FeCl3、樟脑磺酸及苯胺合成Fe3O4/PANI,将Fe3O4/PANI粉末与碳粉按1∶1混合均匀,同聚四氟乙烯乳液调和后,压涂在石磨电极表面,制成Fe3O4/PANI复合阳极并测试其电化学性能。结果表明,改性后阳极表面细菌附着数量提高2倍多,有利于细菌附着。复合阳极抗极化性能明显提高,动力学活性明显增强,电流密度增加,最大功率密度提高到300 mW/m2。该复合阳极可望用于海泥电池的应用开发研究。     

导电聚合物修饰微生物燃料电池阳极的研究进展

阳极作为微生物燃料电池的重要组成部分,其性能直接影响微生物燃料电池的产电效率。主要综述了聚苯胺、聚吡咯等导电聚合物及其复合物修饰微生物燃料电池阳极材料的最新研究进展,对修饰材料的特点与性能进行了分析,最后对导电聚合物修饰微生物燃料电池阳极进行了展望。     

Dual‐bed catalyst system for the direct synthesis of high density aviation fuel with cyclopentanone from lignocellulose

In this article, we demonstrated an integrated process for the direct production of tri(cyclopentane) with cyclopentanone which can be obtained from lignocellulose. The reaction was carried out in a dual‐bed continuous flow reactor. In the first bed, cyclopentanone was selectively converted to 2,5‐dicyclopentylcyclopentanol over the Pd‐MgAl‐HT (hydrotalcite) catalyst. Under solvent‐free and mild conditions (443 K, 0.1 MPa H₂), high carbon yield (81.2%) of 2,5‐dicyclopentylcyclopentanol was achieved. Subsequently, the 2,5‐dicyclopentylcyclopentanol was further hydrodeoxygenated to tri(cyclopentane) in the second bed. Among the investigated catalysts, the Ni‐Hβ‐DP prepared by deposition‐precipitation (DP) method exhibited the highest activity for the hydrodeoxygenation step. By using Pd‐MgAl‐HT as the first bed catalyst and Ni‐Hβ‐DP as the second bed catalyst, tri(cyclopentane) was directly produced at high carbon yield (80.0%) with cyclopentanone as feedstock. This polycycloalkane has high density (0.91 kg/L) and can be used as additive to improve the density and volumetric heating value of bio‐jet fuel. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2754–2761, 2016