基于CAM平台的大型设备吊装模拟实现

为了直观展示设备吊装过程的细节,分析吊装过程中设备的走位变化,进行吊装吊耳应力分析,以准确判断设备、吊装机械、现场建筑物之间是否存在相互干涉及过载现象,保证吊装施工成功率,需对吊装施工进行模拟验证。本文通过对大型设备吊装技术与三维技术(CAM)的研究,说明利用CAM平台实现大型设备吊装模拟验证的方法。     

ZJ25型钻机底座改造的研究与实现

针对目前我公司在用ZJ25钻机底座拆装效率低、钻台面较小、未设计安装封井器吊装装置等问题,通过开展现场调研,优化设计方案,对原底卒连接方式进行了改进,减少了拆装时间,减轻了工人劳动强度,提高了现场施工的安全性、便利性与经济性。     

大型变换炉整体吊装受力分析

因制造和运输条件的限制,变换炉需整体吊装,吊装时的设备受力决定了吊装过程是否安全可行。对变换炉筒体吊装时的水平和垂直状态进行受力分析,并对吊耳进行有限元应力分析,以确保变换炉整体吊装过程的可行性和安全性,为吊装方案编制工作奠定了基础,也为同类设备的吊装受力分析提供了参考。     

风载对Demag AC-350型起重机稳定性影响探讨

针对炼油、石油化工工程建设行业,特别是装置停工检修或抢修施工中,作业时间的紧迫性,通过对Demag AC-350型350t汽车式起重机在7级风状态下进行起重吊装作业的稳定性验算,提出在风力达6级或以上时进行吊机吊装作业是否可行的问题探讨。     

狭窄场地塔器吊装施工工艺研究

对塔类设备的重心计算方法进行了详细的论述,并对塔类设备在吊装过程中的平面布置以及吊装工况进行了分析,通过实例分析证明该塔类吊装施工工艺的实用性和合理性,并能保证吊装过程的安全,有进一步推广的意义。     

适于吊装工程的支撑式平衡梁有限元分析

在大型化工设备吊装工程中,支撑式平衡梁作为关键吊装机具保障了吊装工艺顺利实施。而作为关键吊装机具的支撑式平衡梁,目前大多采用解析计算方法对其进行设计和校核。本文提出一种适于吊装工程的有限元计算分析方法,根据工程应用中支撑式平衡梁受力状态,建立适合计算的力学模型进行有限元分析,满足工程应用要求的同时,提升支撑式平衡梁的设计方法和技术手段。     

薄壁塔设备轴式吊耳的设计与分析

吊耳对塔设备在现场的安全吊装至关重要。以一台薄壁塔式容器的吊耳为例,利用WRC 107和有限元分析两种方法对吊耳处筒体在吊装时水平和竖直状态下的受力情况进行了计算分析,研究了吊耳垫板与筒体间隙对局部应力的影响,对加厚段长度和厚度进行了优化设计,并对设备起吊时的稳定性进行了分析。     

基于抱箍吊装技术的大吨位薄壁筒屈曲稳定性研究

针对化工行业中大吨位薄壁筒的吊装问题,提出了一种适用于薄壁筒吊装的新型双抱箍结构。对比分析了薄壁筒在传统单抱箍和新型双抱箍作用下的受力特点,提出了简化的力学模型并分别推导在单、双抱箍作用下薄壁筒屈曲稳定性计算公式,探讨了抱箍尺寸参数对薄壁筒稳定性的影响。以300t硝酸吸收塔吊装为例,用有限元方法对所推导公式进行验证,结果表明:所推导公式的计算结果与有限元计算结果相近,可作为抱箍设计计算时的参考;双抱箍结构可改善薄壁筒在吊装时的受力情况,提高吊装时薄壁筒的稳定性。     

石油化工设备吊装方案对比分析

探讨了石油化工设备吊装技术的全新要求,确定了分体吊装和整体吊装方案的适用范围,指出两种方案的优缺点,通过合理选择大型装备吊装作业设备,尽可能地提高吊装设备现场施工效率,保证设备工作状态的稳定。     

大型设备吊装平衡梁设计、可靠性分析及其APP的开发

通过对实际工程项目大型塔类设备吊装进行分析计算,采用计算机仿真技术对吊装用平衡梁进行模拟,形象生动地展示了变形结果,为实际工程项目安全吊装供理论数据支持。并对开发的吊装用平衡梁计算APP进行简单介绍,为选取吊装机具计算提供新思路,同时也为推动吊装事业智能化、信息化的发展提供理论支持与实践依据。     

Two‐step principal component analysis for dynamic processes monitoring

In this study, a two‐step principal component analysis (TS‐PCA) is proposed to handle the dynamic characteristics of chemical industrial processes in both steady state and unsteady state. Differently from the traditional dynamic PCA (DPCA) dealing with the static cross‐correlation structure and dynamic auto‐correlation structure in process data simultaneously, TS‐PCA handles them in two steps: it first identifies the dynamic structure by using the least squares algorithm, and then monitors the innovation component by using PCA. The innovation component is time uncorrelated and independent of the initial state of the process. As a result, TS‐PCA can monitor the process in both steady state and unsteady state, whereas all other reported dynamic approaches are limited to only processes in steady state. Even tested in steady state, TS‐PCA still can achieve better performance than the existing dynamic approaches.     

Synthesis of polyaniline/polytoluidine block copolymer via the pernigraniline oxidation state

Polyaniline was electrochemically synthesized in the emeraldine oxidation state and then converted to the pernigraniline oxidation state by applying an electric potential under optimized conditions. The stability/reactivity of polyaniline in the pernigraniline oxidation state was evaluated in various aqueous media. The products of the reduction of the pernigraniline oxidation state by o-toluidine were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, ultraviolet–visible and infrared spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. The results are consistent with the synthesis of a diblock copolymer of polyaniline/poly(o-toluidine) and also of some poly(o-toluidine) homopolymer in the emeraldine oxidation state as a side product.     

电站水处理反渗透系统状态评价

针对目前电站水处理反渗透系统缺乏有效运行状态评价方法的问题，提出了基于状态特征参数的反渗透系统状态评价方法。在提取电站反渗透系统状态特征参数的基础上，建立了系统运行状态评价模型，编制了运行状态监测和评价程序。利用编制的程序进行了实例分析，结果表明该方法可行、有效，编制的程序可很好地实现电站水处理反渗透系统运行状态的监测和评价，从而为其清洗和维修决策提供依据。     

NOTE ON THE KALMAN FILTER WITH ESTIMATED PARAMETERS

Abstract. State estimation and prediction problems are considered for a stochastic process represented by a state space form which involves unknown parameters. We first study the stability of the Kalman filter corresponding to the state space form without assuming the stationarity of the process. Second, we consider the state estimation and prediction when the process is stationary, and show some asymptotic properties of the state estimates and predicted values obtained by the Kalman filter with estimated parameters which converge to the true parameters or to the equivalent classes of the true parameters with probability one.     

Structure and rheology of twin liquid crystalline polymers

Addition of short mesogenic segments at the ends of flexible chains alters the mechanical properties by orders of magnitude. Twin liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) were synthesized from 4-[(4′-alkoxybenzoyl)oxy]-benzoyl chloride and ,ω-dihydroxy-telechelic polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) of different molecular weights. With increasing temperature, four equilibrium states of these TLCPs, i.e. crystalline state, phase separated state with mesogenic domains in isotropic PTHF matrix, phase separated amorphous state, and single phase isotropic state, have been observed by dynamic mechanical measurements, differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing microscopy. In the phase separated state, mesogenic domains function as physical crosslinks which give rise to unusually high viscoelastic properties at small strains. Disturbing this state by large amplitude shear resulted in very pronounced shear thinning and slow recovery of structure. At increased temperature, the mesogenic domains become isotropic and their effect as physical crosslinks was significantly reduced, as shown by lower viscoelasticity and weak shear thinning. In the single phase isotropic state above the coexistence temperature T_s, the TLCPs behaved like a common homopolymer of low molecular weight. T_s decreased as the weight ratio of PTHF spacer increased in the experimental range (50–82% PTHF).     

沟槽对湍流流动影响研究

设备内部气体可能存在湍流流动状态,设备壁面形成沟槽形式可能会对原流动状态产生影响从而影响设备性能。以前相关研究很少,但设备内部气体是否存在湍流流动状态,流动状态改变是否会对设备性能产生影响还需要进一步研究。为研究壁面形成沟槽形式对原湍流流动产生的影响,对流动状态变化前后沿壁面温度分布进行了计算,采用脉动温度符合一定概率分布的方法计算了脉动温度,对流动状态变化时温度场变化情况进行了分析。     

Method for Making Higher Concentration Ozone than Supplied O3 Derived from Condensing Process Using Ozone Storage under the Same Conditions

We have been researching ozone storage using a silica gel that functions as an adsorbent. We found that ozone stored in silica gel was, once released, higher in concentration than the original ozone that was produced by an ozone generator powered by an electrical discharge. Additionally, this method of storage led to an increase in ozone concentration without the need for any additional energy. When ozone was stored in silica gel, it changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state via a vapor state in narrow capillaries according to Kelvin's law. When ozone was desorbed, it was concentrated depending on the changing of the form from a liquid state to a gaseous state via a supercritical fluids state in the narrow capillaries.     

超临界流体p-V-T方程的研究

木文对目前常用的RK、RKS、PR及CS-vdW等状态方程进行了考察,验算了它们对二氧化碳、乙烯、丙烷等十种体系在超临界区、特别在临界点附近区域的适用性.计算结果表明,在上述区域内计算偏差都较大.作者从统计热力学的角度提出了一个“m-RKS”方程:P=RT/(V-b(T))—a(T)/V[V+b(T)],用该方程进行计算,结果与文献报道的实测值之间的偏差大大低于上述常用的诸方程.     

Data-driven state observation for nonlinear systems based on online learning

For controlling nonlinear processes represented by state-space models, a state observer is needed to estimate the states from the trajectories of measured variables. While model-based observer synthesis is traditionally challenging due to the difficulty of solving pertinent partial differential equations, this article proposes an efficient model-free, data-driven approach for state observation, which is suitable for data-driven nonlinear control without accurate nonlinear models. Specifically, by using a Chen–Fliess series representation of the observer dynamics, state observation is endowed with an online least squares regression formulation that can be solved by gradient flow with performance guarantees. When the target state trajectories for regression are unavailable, by exploiting the Kazantzis–Kravaris/Luenberger observer structure, state observation is reduced to a dimensionality reduction problem amenable to an online implementation of kernel principal component analysis. The proposed approach is demonstrated by a limit cycle dynamics and a chaotic system.     

Evidence for the Participation of Singlet Oxygen in the Vat–dye Photosensitized Degradation of Cellulose

A study has been made of the vat–dye photosensitized degradation of cellulose. Whilst the part played by the dyes in direct hydrogen abstraction from a cellulose substrate cannot be overlooked, it is apparent that the role played by singlet oxygen is important. The ability of a dye to produce singlet oxygen has been studied by measuring the amount of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone the dye can photo–oxidize. It would appear that the singlet oxygen is initially formed in its high energy g state by energy transfer from the triplet state of the dye to ground state molecular oxygen. Luminescence spectroscopy has been employed in order to gain information about the excited state energies of the dye molecules, and an electron spin resonance study of the dyes in rigid media has been carried out in order to obtain information about the triplet state.