陶瓷膜材料发展现状分析研究

相比于传统聚合物分离膜材料,具有大量非对称贯通的微细孔结构的陶瓷膜材料因分离效率高、耐化学腐蚀性强、以及耐高温等优点被广泛应用于液固分离、气固分离、水处理以及节能环保等领域。本文针对陶瓷膜材料的发展,详细介绍了陶瓷膜的材料体系,对比了不同制备方法的优缺点;总结了当前陶瓷膜材料的种类和应用领域,对国内外陶瓷膜的研究现状及现存问题进行了分析,并从市场需求、产业规模、性能提升等方面提出建议,对陶瓷膜产业的发展具有一定的指导意义。     

碳化硅质陶瓷膜材料评价方法的选择及材料评价

国内评价高温下碳化硅质陶瓷膜材料的标准和方法较少,本文基于碳化硅陶瓷膜材料具体实际应用工况条件,就材料的强度,耐高温、高压性能,孔结构及透气性能等方面,提出了系列测试标准和方法,并进行了测试。实验测得山东工陶院生产的碳化硅质陶瓷膜材料的抗弯曲强度能够达到18MPa,支撑体气孔率和孔径分别为34%和60μm,分离膜平均孔径为17μm,材料的线胀系数在5×10-6/k,热震性能能够满足1000℃下10次不裂,在1m/min风速下材料的初始压降为750Pa。碳化硅陶瓷膜材料具有良好强度、高温热性能和较好的孔梯度结构。     

面向过程的陶瓷膜材料设计理论与方法(Ⅲ)钛白分离用陶瓷膜的优化设计与制备

针对钛白粉悬浮体系的分离回收,根据理论模型对陶瓷膜的结构(膜平均孔径)进行了优化设计,并采用粒子烧结法制备了所设计孔径的氧化铝陶瓷膜.通过与其他陶瓷膜的过滤实验对比表明,模型优化设计并制备得到的陶瓷膜具有较高的过滤通量,孔径与通量关系计算值与实验结果有较好的一致性,初步实现了面向应用过程的陶瓷膜的设计与应用.     

孔梯度陶瓷

本文详细论述了孔梯度陶瓷的种类、制造工艺和特性,在此基础上全面介绍孔梯度陶瓷的各种用途。作者研究认为,采用多次浸浆法和被复法可以制造出用于液体精过滤、混合气体催化分离和高温烟气干除尘等方面应用的阶梯状陶瓷膜孔梯度陶瓷和陶瓷纤维膜孔梯度陶瓷。     

面向过程工业的陶瓷膜制备与应用进展

陶瓷膜具有优异的化学稳定性、机械稳定性及分离性能,在过程工业中获得了成功应用,成为我国膜领域中最有国际竞争力的膜品种之一。本文基于面向应用过程的膜材料设计的理论框架,系统概述了陶瓷膜的定量制备技术、面向应用体系的陶瓷膜选择与设计方法以及膜应用过程中污染控制的研究进展,并对未来我国陶瓷膜领域的发展态势进行了分析和研讨。     

陶瓷分离膜的制备、过滤机理和应用研究

介绍了陶瓷分离膜的制备方法和膜的过滤机理,同时从陶瓷分离膜的微观结构、膜材料表面性质、应用体系的性质以及操作参数对膜分离性能的影响进行了综述与分析,最后介绍了陶瓷膜的应用前景和未来的研究方向。     

钙钛矿型透氧膜及其在甲烷部分氧化中的应用

钙钛矿型透氧陶瓷膜是同时具有氧离子和电子导电性的功能无机膜,在纯氧分离和甲烷部分氧化膜反应器中具有重要的潜在应用.介绍了钙钛矿型透氧陶瓷膜的氧渗透原理、膜材料的结构性能及其在甲烷部分氧化制合成气中的应用研究进展,并对透氧膜所面临的挑战进行了论述.     

造孔剂对粉煤灰基多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的性能影响

以粉煤灰为主要原料,竹炭为造孔剂,采用干压成型法制备多孔陶瓷膜支撑体。详细研究了造孔剂添加量及烧成制度对多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的性能影响。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、压汞仪、万能材料试验机和水通量测试装置等对多孔陶瓷膜支撑性能进行表征。当造孔剂添加量为12wt.%,烧成温度为1250℃,保温时间为20 min时,可以制备出抗折强度为25.03 MPa,平均孔径为1.25μm,水通量为3104.71 L/h.m~2.bar的多孔陶瓷膜支撑体。     

面向应用过程的陶瓷膜设计方法

无机陶瓷膜以其优良的材料性能获得了广泛的应用。由于膜品种的定型化 ,使膜应用研究受到一定的限制。面向应用过程来设计最优性能陶瓷膜将会是一个重要的发展方向。在提出面向应用过程的陶瓷膜设计基本研究框架基础上 ,以颗粒体系为对象 ,建立起包含膜结构参数的微滤模型 ,考察膜孔径、厚度、孔隙率等结构参数对微滤性能的影响 ,从而从理论上建立颗粒体系微滤过程中最优膜的选择方法     

多孔陶瓷及其发展

概述了泡沫陶瓷,蜂窝陶瓷,微孔多孔陶瓷,介孔陶瓷及陶瓷膜材料等,对他们在固一液分离等领域中应用作了简要地介绍,最后提出了我国多孔陶瓷发展意见。     

基于CFD的恒通量陶瓷膜厚度设计

膜厚度对膜渗透性能有着显著影响。本文结合Navier-Stokes公式和Darcy定律对恒通量膜的膜厚度沿程分布进行了模拟计算。膜通道内的主体流动采用Navier-Stokes公式来描述,多孔介质内的流动采用Darcy定律来描述,多孔介质比阻采用Konzey-Carmen方程来计算。结果表明,膜厚度的沿程分布趋近于线性分布,并随操作压力、错流速率、操作温度的变化而变化。错流速率对膜厚度分布的影响尤为显著,而压力和温度的影响较小。在不同的错流速率下,要实现恒通量操作,必须有合适的膜厚沿程分布的膜。本计算结果为恒通量膜的制备、应用提供了依据。     

多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的制备研究进展

多孔陶瓷膜支撑体是陶瓷膜制备与应用的基础.本文概述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体主要的制备工艺及其特点;探讨了制备过程中影响多孔陶瓷膜支撑体结构及性能的因素;综述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体研究现状,并对多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Enhancement of super-hydrophilic/underwater super-oleophobic performance of ceramic membrane with TiO2 nanowire array prepared via low temperature oxidation

A gradient porous ceramic membrane with surface super-hydrophilic and underwater super-oleophobic performance was prepared by combining hydrogel directional freezing method and low temperature oxidation process. The effects of solid contents and sintering temperature on the ceramic membrane matrix were examined. The reaction time and synthesis temperature on the TiO₂ nanowire array were also evaluated. In addition, the related effects on pore size distribution, permeation flux, contact angle, and oil-in-water emulsion separation were systematically investigated. The ceramic membrane matrix pore size changed from 0.5 μm to 25 μm gradually, indicating the gradient structure controlled by the growth of ice. The super-hydrophilic and underwater super-oleophobic performance of ceramic membrane surface was obtained with surface modification by TiO₂ nanowire array, and the surface water contact angle and underwater oil contact angle were less than 5° and over 158°, respectively. The bonding strength between TiO₂ nanowire and ceramic membrane matrix was high enough to withstand ultrasonic waves. The ceramic membrane modified with TiO₂ nanowire array was used for 1000 ppm diesel oil-in-water emulsion separation, and the stable separation efficiency and flux were about 97% and 100–200 L/(m² h bar) even after 10 filtration cycles.     

Preparation of porous SiC ceramics skeleton with low-cost and controllable gradient based on liquid crystal display 3D printing

In recent years, the demand for gradient porous ceramics is increasing in engineering field. By traditional process, the disadvantage of prepared gradient porous ceramics is its low porosity and uncontrollable pore gradient, which limits the wide application of gradient porous ceramics. In this study, the gradient porous ceramic skeleton (GPCS) was prepared by combining liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printer with liquid silicon infiltration (LSI). Experimental results showed that the mass of ceramic powder in the ceramic slurry with optimal printing performance accounts for 45% of the mass of photosensitive resin, and the thermal decomposition rate of photosensitive resin is faster in the range of 300–450 °C. Furthermore, the effect of LSI temperature on the composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of GPCS was investigated. The GPCS is expected to be applied in the fields of energy storage, heat transfer and biofouling, among others.     

非对称陶瓷膜管渗透性能的CFD模拟研究

陶瓷膜因其化学稳定性好、机械强度大等优点得到广泛应用。计算流体力学(CFD)的快速发展使得计算模拟成为研究和优化陶瓷膜管结构性能的有效手段。为了优化非对称结构陶瓷膜管的结构和操作参数,对其渗透性能进行了CFD计算模拟。针对非对称结构陶瓷膜管的膜层和过渡层的厚度在10 μm级的特点,采用Navier-Stokes方程和Darcy定律来分别描述膜管内和膜多孔介质内的纯水流动,利用多孔介质模型描述膜管的主体支撑层,用多孔跳跃边界简化膜管的膜层和过渡层,利用Konzey-Carmen方程对膜元件各层的渗透率进行估算。计算结果与实验值吻合较好,为优化陶瓷膜管的通道结构提供了便捷的工具。     

多孔陶瓷膜反应器用于非均相超细纳米催化的研究进展(英文)

Heterogeneous catalysts with ultrafine or nano particle size have currently attracted considerable attentions in the chemical and petrochemical production processes, but their large-scale applications remain challenging because of difficulties associated with their efficient separation from the reaction slurry. A porous ceramic membrane reactor has emerged as a promising method to solve the problem concerning catalysts separation in situ from the reaction mixture and make the production process continuous in heterogeneous catalysis. This article presents a review of the present progress on porous ceramic membrane reactors for heterogeneous catalysis, which covers classification of configurations of porous ceramic membrane reactor, major considerations and some important industrial applications. A special emphasis is paid to major considerations in term of application-oriented ceramic membrane design, optimization of ceramic membrane reactor performance and membrane fouling mechanism. Finally, brief concluding remarks on porous ceramic membrane reactors are given and possible future research interests are also outlined.     

梯度多孔载Ag羟基磷灰石陶瓷的制备和性能研究

本文采用添加造孔剂法制备孔隙呈现梯度分布的多孔载Ag羟基磷灰石(Ag-HA)陶瓷。研究了造孔剂分布、烧结温度和载Ag含量对梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷孔隙度的影响。分析了烧结产物的物相组成和微观形貌,测量了烧结后梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷的压缩性能和抗菌性能。研究结果表明:随着中间层造孔剂含量增加,梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷的孔隙度增大,抗压强度减小;随着烧结温度的增大,梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷的孔隙度减小,抗压强度增大;当造孔剂分布为20%-10%-20%(质量分数),压制压力为100 MPa,烧结温度为1 150 ℃,Ag含量为2.0%(摩尔分数)时,烧结后梯度多孔2.0Ag-HA陶瓷的孔隙度为24.7%,抗压强度为12.6 MPa。XRD分析表明烧结产物为掺杂Ag离子的HA相。SEM观察表明烧结样品的孔隙呈现梯度分布。梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷的抗菌实验表明:随载Ag含量和孔隙度的增大,梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷对于大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径增加,表现出较强的抗菌性能,而纯HA陶瓷未表现出抗菌性能。     

Innovative in situ investigations using synchrotron-based micro tomography and molecular dynamics simulation for fouling assessment in ceramic membranes for dairy and food industry

Proteins in dairy streams result in organic fouling and function loss for ceramic membrane's porous structure. Synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography (SR-µCT) is a new method with a high signal to noise ratio and accordingly significant level of accuracy. The goal of this study was to perform an in situ assessment of ceramic membrane fouling in the dairy stream filtration process, using SR-µCT. This study attempted to assess porosity variation and membrane fouling through different layers from the top, middle, and bottom layers of the ceramic microfiltration membrane before and after skimming milk filtration. Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was used for depth understanding of milk protein interactions with the ceramic membrane. Fouling was found to be more intense on the top of the ceramic membrane even though the top layer was slightly more porous, which indicates that top layers were more prone to fouling. A regression model was derived to correlate the porosity loss due to membrane fouling at different membrane thicknesses. The MDS results showed more affinity of the milk proteins to the ceramic membrane compared to water molecules. The MDS studies showed how the presence of the milk's protein macromolecules could change the hydrophilicity trend on the membrane's surface.     

多孔陶瓷膜制备技术研究进展

多孔陶瓷膜具有化学稳定性好、机械强度大、耐酸碱、耐高温等优点,在石油和化学工业等苛刻环境中有着广泛的应用,多孔陶瓷膜的制备技术是推动多孔陶瓷膜产业发展的核心部分。多孔陶瓷膜制备技术的核心和关键是以提高陶瓷膜整体性能为导向,通过对陶瓷膜微结构的调控,实现陶瓷膜制备技术的突破。针对近十年来陶瓷膜领域的研究,概述了当前陶瓷膜领域在制备具有高渗透性、高渗透选择性的陶瓷膜以及陶瓷膜低成本化方面的研究进展,并对未来陶瓷膜领域的发展趋势及瓶颈性问题进行了讨论。     

聚乙烯醇陶瓷复合膜的制备与性能研究

以大孔径廉价的陶瓷粗滤膜（SiO2）作为基质膜，以亲水性的聚乙烯醇为原料、戊二醛作交联剂，采用涂敷的方法制备了聚乙烯醇陶瓷复合膜。考察了基质膜的孔径大小、聚乙烯醇的浓度、交联时间等对复合膜性能的影响。在膜反应器中膜通量的变化及有机污染物的去除效果表明：复合膜具有较好的耐污染特，陛及较高的COD去除率。