PVC-聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-二乙烯基苯)半均相阳离子交换树脂膜的研究

简述了合成膜的原料聚氯乙烯，二乙烯基苯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯的选择原因，合成实验方案的确定，制备了PVC-聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯-二乙烯基苯）半均相阳离子交换树脂膜。通过实验寻找初步的实验配方，再通过正交设计探索制备交换树脂膜的最佳实验配比和实验方法，测定了离子交换膜的离子交换当量和含水量后，判断出最佳生产工艺条件。简单介绍了离子交换膜在使用过程中的影响条件，同时也介绍了离子交换树脂在食品，农业和环境科学中的应用。     

均相阳离子交换膜研究进展

对均相阳离子交换膜的发展背景以及国内外在这一领域的研究进展作了简要的介绍,较系统地总结了均相阳离子交换膜的制备以及在电渗析、扩散渗析、燃料电池中的应用进展。     

半均相阳离子交换膜制备的研究进展

总结了目前半均相阳离子交换膜的应用原理、制备路线及性能对比,阐述了半均相阳离子交换膜所期望的性能,包括高选择性、低电阻、良好的机械稳定性、高化学稳定性,以及其在实践应用中仍需面临的难题和挑战。     

BPO和AIBN作引发剂对阳离子交换膜性能的影响

改进传统制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)均相阳离子交换膜的方法,利用引发剂和浓硫酸磺化直接制备PVDF均相阳离子交换膜。通过溶剂蒸发法制备了含引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)和/或偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)的PVDF阳离子交换膜,研究不同引发剂及其含量对膜结构和膜性能的影响。利用FE-SEM和FTIR分析了膜的形貌结构。结果表明:含有BPO的阳离子交换膜中PVDF与苯乙烯形成了半互穿网络结构,而含有AIBN的阳离子交换膜中苯乙烯接枝在线性PVDF链上并形成相分离结构。PVDF阳离子交换膜的结构和性能受膜制备时AIBN和BPO的添加量影响。当AIBN占PVDF5%(质量分数)、BPO占PVDF2%(质量分数)时,离子交换膜的膜电阻达最低值4.2Ω×cm~2,离子交换容量最高为1.59 meq/g;当AIBN占PVDF 3%(质量分数)、BPO占PVDF2%(质量分数)时,离子交换膜的迁移数为95.15%。最后通过循环伏安法和计时电位法进一步验证了引发剂对膜电阻和迁移数影响的实验结论。     

单价选择性电渗析处理酸性重金属废水应用研究

采用吡咯为改性材料,浸渍法为改性方法,通过对普通均相阳离子交换膜(CEM)进行膜表面改性,制备了单价选择性阳离子交换膜.同时将单价选择性电渗析工艺用于处理酸性重金属废水,考察了装置运行参数(电流密度与进水流量)和废水水质(酸度与重金属离子浓度)对酸性重金属废水中H+、Zn2+与Cd2+选择性分离的影响.结果表明:当电渗...     

聚四钛酸钾非均相阳离子交换膜的研制

用聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）乳液作粘结剂与聚四钛酸钾（TPTIK）离子交换剂混炼，滚压法制备了非均相阳离子交换膜，讨论了交换剂含量（We)与膜交换容量（C）的关系及粘结剂用量（Wc）对膜强度（P）的影响，以TPTIK30％，PTFE乳液（含固量＞45％）70％的组成，制备了交换容量1．10mg.N.g^-1(dry)的非均相阳离子交换膜。     

EPDM/PVDF阳离子交换膜的制备

本文采用EPDM、PVDF、苯乙烯和二乙烯基苯为原料，浓硫酸为磺化剂，制备出具有互穿网络结构的阳离子交换膜。通过研究，对比不同品牌不同型号EPDM、共混基材比例、基材与苯乙烯比例、磺化时间和磺化温度对膜性能的影响。优化后的EPDM阳离子交换膜具有良好的综合性能：交换容量1.8～2.0 mol/kg，面电阻为5～6Ω·cm²，溶质扩散系数5～6×10^-3 mmol/(cm²·h·mol·L^-1)，其在电渗析过程中展现出的低电阻、低能耗和较高的电流效率，使得EPDM阳离子交换膜具备潜在的竞争优势。     

聚四钛酸钾非均相阳离子交换膜的研制

用聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)乳液作粘结剂与聚四钛酸钾 (TPTIK)离子交换剂混炼、滚压法制备了非均相阳离子交换膜。讨论了交换剂含量 (We)与膜交换容量 (C)的关系及粘结剂用量 (Wc)对膜强度 (P)的影响。以TPTIK3 0 %、PTFE乳液 (含固量 >45 % ) 70 %的组成 ,制备了交换容量 1.10mg·N·g-1(dry)的非均相阳离子交换膜     

生产氢氧化钾的过程

本发明与生产氢氧化钾的过程有关。更进一步说,本发明是用具有特殊多层结构的膜,即以羧酸型全氟聚合物层为主层的阳离子交换膜为隔膜,电解氯化钾,在低电阻高电流效率下生产高质量的氢氧化钾的新颖过程。我们都知道,用阳离子交换含氟聚合物膜作隔膜电解氯化钾生产氢氧化钾的过程与汞法过程比较,没有产生污染的问题,而与石棉隔膜法过程比较又能够生产高浓度高质量的氢氧化钾。因此对用于该过程的阳离子     

有机无机杂化PVA/SiO_2阳离子交换膜的制备及电化学性能表征

在酸性条件下制备了有机-无机杂化PVA/SiO_2阳离子交换膜,在无机链端引入了磺酸基团。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、物理化学(氧化稳定性,IEC和吸水率)和电化学性能测试方法(膜电阻,迁移数和选择透过性)对制备的膜及商品苯乙烯膜进行了广泛表征。结果表明,与苯乙烯膜相比,制备的PVA/SiO_2阳离子交换膜具有良好的选择透过性和低电阻中。6%-PVA/SiO_2的离子交换膜的综合性能最好,可能应用于"双膜三室"钴回收系统。     

Characterization of semi‐interpenetrating polymer network polystyrene cation‐exchange membranes

Polystyrene cation exchange membranes were prepared by a PVC‐based semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) method. The reaction behaviors during polymerization and sulfonation in the preparation method were investigated. The prepared membranes were characterized in terms of the physical and electrochemical properties. The membranes exhibited reasonable mechanical properties (tensile strength, 13 MPa, and elongation at break, 52%) for an ion‐exchange membrane with the ratio of polystyrene–divinylbenzene (DVB)/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) (R_St‐DVB/PVC) of below 0.9. Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the formation of a homogeneous membrane. The resulting membrane showed membrane electrical resistance of 2.0 Ω cm² and ion‐exchange capacity of 3.0 meq/g dry membrane. The current–voltage (I–V) curves of the membrane show that the semi‐IPN polystyrene membranes can be properly used at a high current density, and that the distribution of cation‐exchange sites in the membrane was more homogenous than that in commercial membranes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1488–1496, 2003     

电渗析法处理高盐度高COD废水矿化度的试验研究

运用电渗析技术,采用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）阳离子交换膜、纳米二氧化硅（SiO₂）/PVDF阳离子交换膜、改性SiO₂/PVDF阳离子交换膜和商品阳离子膜处理高盐度、高COD废水。研究发现,电压、流量、脱盐时间和聚丙烯酰胺的黏附量对其脱盐效果有一定的影响,并通过比较改性SiO₂/PVDF阳离子交换膜和商品阳离子膜的脱盐实验,证明改性SiO₂/PVDF阳离子交换膜脱盐能力强、抗污染程度高。     

Electrochemical modification of cation exchange membrane with polyaniline for improvement in permselectivity

A novel method of modification of cation exchange membrane for improved permselectivity is reported in this paper. Acrylic acid grafted fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer membrane after sulphonation (FEP-g-AA-SO₃H) was used as the cation exchange membrane for modification. Polyaniline is deposited electrochemically on to the membrane. The deposition of polyaniline starts from the surface of the membrane and growth proceeds inside the membrane. The amount of polyaniline deposited depends upon the polymerization time. The presence of polyaniline is confirmed by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray mapping, cyclic voltammetry and ion exchange capacity measurements. The electrodialysis experiments show improved permselectivity for divalent cations.     

Preparation of microporous membranes from cation exchange membranes prepared by the paste method

A microporous membrane is prepared by treating the cation exchange membrane (Fe⁺⁺⁺ form) with an H₂O₂ aqueous solution. The cation exchange membrane is prepared by the paste method: the base membrane is prepared beforehand and then sulfonated. The preparative conditions of the base membrane were studied in connection with the characteristics of the resultant microporous membrane. Furthermore, the availability of the microporous membrane for ultrafiltration was studied by using an aqueous solution of a bovine hemoglobin.     

Transport of Cu(II) ions through charged cation‐exchange membranes

Transport of Cu(II) ions through polysulfonated cation‐exchange membranes under Donnan dialysis conditions was studied as a function of the pH gradient. The used charged membranes are homogeneous (polysulfone composition) and heterogeneous (polysulfone with polyester support) structures which are strongly acidic cation‐exchange microporous‐type membranes. The flux increases with decreasing of the pH gradient, which is influenced by the transport of copper ions. The quantitative relations were obtained which describe the time dependence of the transport system with the equilibrium distribution and the results were correlated with the flux data as well as with the membrane structure. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 421–427, 2001     

光催化双极膜的制备及应用

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）和羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）混合制成阳膜层材料,以聚乙烯醇和壳聚糖（CS）混合制成阴膜层材料。分别用氯化铬、戊二醛对阳膜、阴膜进行交联改性,并在阴阳膜层间加入具有光催化活性的纳米二氧化钛,得mCMC/TiO2/mCS双极膜。该双极膜在紫外光照射下,具有高的水解离效率,优良的亲水性能,双极膜阻抗小,工作电压低,并将该膜应用于合成乙醛酸和丁二酸体系中。     

Transport of proton in polymeric ionic exchange membranes in relation with the dissociated sorbed acid

The transport of proton in ion exchange membranes in contact with HCl and H₂SO₄ solutions is studied. The membranes are the Nafion® 117 cation exchange membrane and, on the other hand, the Selemion® AAV and the Morgane ARA anion exchange membranes. Sorption and water content measurements combined with the radiotracer technique point out the low dissociation degree of the acid present in the membrane phase. This low dissociation leads to the excellent permselectivity towards proton of the Nafion membrane, and it is also the factor which decreases the proton leakage in the two studied anion exchange membranes.     

Electrochemical Properties of Chemically Treated Polyvinylchloride‐Based Heterogeneous Cation‐Exchange Membrane

Chemical treatment is a facile method for improving electrochemical properties of a heterogeneous ion‐exchange membrane. In this work, polyvinylchloride (PVC)‐based heterogeneous cation‐exchange membrane is prepared by a dry–wet phase inversion process. The membrane is treated with a sulfuric acid solution in a room and a high temperature (80 °C). Effects of the treatment procedure and hydrophilic additive on membrane electrochemical properties are investigated. Chemically treated PVC and PVC/additive heterogeneous cation‐exchange membranes show a change in membrane electrochemical properties in terms of water uptake (Wu), conductivity, ion‐exchange capacity (IEC), and permselectivity (Ps). In general, Wu and conductivity increase after the chemical treatment. Significant improvement is observed when a high temperature is used. Meanwhile, the conductivity is more pronounced for PVC/additive membranes. The improvement may be associated with an increase in hydrophilicity. A significant increase in IEC is also observed for modified PVC/additive membrane. This may be associated with the removal or leaching of the additive during the treatment which in turn increases the portion of ion‐exchange resins in the membrane. Most of the modified membranes show a decrease in Ps. It may be due to a decrease in the effectiveness of Donnan effect indicated by Donnan equilibrium constant (K+). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E219–E226, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers