活性炭负载磷钨酸催化剂的制备及其催化氧化脱硫性能

以活性炭(AC)为载体,磷钨酸(HPW)为活性组分,通过等体积浸渍法制备HPW/AC催化剂,并以二苯并噻吩(DBT)的正十二烷溶液为模拟油(硫含量为800μg/g),H_2O_2为氧化剂,探究催化剂的催化氧化脱硫性能。采用BET、SEM和XRD表征手段对催化剂的结构进行分析。考察了反应温度、反应时间、H_2O_2用量、催化剂用量、乳化剂用量以及模拟油的组成对催化剂催化氧化脱硫效果的影响,最后考察了催化剂的循环使用性能。结果表明,AC经质量分数45%硝酸溶液80℃下活化2h,活性组分HPW的负载质量分数为30%时,所制备的HPW/AC催化剂的氧化脱硫性能最好;最佳反应条件为反应温度80℃,反应时间80min,氧化剂/硫摩尔比n(H_2O_2)/n(S)=12,催化剂用量0.05g/m L,乳化剂用量0.004g/m L。该反应条件下DBT被氧化为二苯并噻吩砜(DBTO_2),用N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)进行萃取,萃取比为1,模拟油的氧化脱硫率达到90.4%。芳香族化合物和烯烃对氧化脱硫效果起到抑制作用,烯烃的影响最为显著,并且催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

MIL-101固载磷钨酸催化氧气氧化脱硫性能

采用一步包覆法成功地将磷钨酸(HPW)固载到多金属有机骨架MIL-101中,将其作为催化剂,氧气(O2)作为氧化剂,用于催化氧化模拟油品的脱硫实验。系统地研究了氧气流速、反应温度、硫含量对脱硫效率的影响,筛选出最佳反应条件,同时考察了空气作为氧化剂用于油品脱硫的可行性。结果表明,当初始硫含量为350μg·g~(-1),氧气流速为90ml·min~(-1),反应温度为75℃,催化剂用量占模拟油品质量的1%,反应时间60min,二苯并噻吩(DBT)的转化率可达74%。此外,通过重复利用实验证明催化剂有良好的再生活性。     

HPW/HY-SBA-15催化剂的制备及氧化脱硫性能研究

采用后合成法合成了HY-SBA-15复合分子筛,并以其为载体,负载不同比例的磷钨酸(HPW)制备催化剂.用XRD对HY-SBA-15复合分子筛及HPW/HY-SBA-15催化剂进行了表征,结果表明:适量磷钨酸的引入并没有改变复合分子筛的介孔结构,但会使其衍射峰的强度有所降低.以硫含量为500 μg/g模拟油进行氧化脱硫反应,考察了反应温度、反应时间、磷钨酸负载比例、剂油比、氧化剂用量等工艺条件对脱硫率的影响.研究结果表明:磷钨酸的负载量为20％(质量分数),活化温度为300℃时的HPW/HY-SBA- 15催化剂效果最好,在模拟油用量为30 mL,反应温度50 ℃,反应时间90 min,剂油比(催化剂与模拟油的质量比)为0.02,n(H2O2)∶n(S)=8,无水乙醇用量3 mL的条件下,脱硫率可达95.7％.     

负载型磷钨酸对汽油模型化合物氧化脱硫研究

以噻吩溶液为模型化合物,采用浸渍法将磷钨酸(HPWA)负载在HY分子筛上,并用负载后的催化剂对FCC模拟汽油催化氧化脱硫。考察了氧化温度、催化剂负载量、氧化时间、催化剂用量、氧化剂加入量等工艺条件对脱硫率的影响。研究结果表明,负载型磷钨酸作为催化剂,四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,萃取剂（S）为二甲基亚砜,反应温度40 ℃,反应时间150 min,氧化剂用量为n(H2O2)/n(S)为8时脱硫率可达9289%。反应后模型化合物的硫含量降至36 μg/g,满足我国汽油含硫标准,此方法可用于生产低硫汽油。     

WO_x-SBA-15催化氧化脱除汽油中噻吩及4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩

采用水热法合成了一系列不同的WOx-SBA-15催化剂,采用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜等对催化剂进行了表征。在汽油的氧化脱硫过程中,考查了WOx-SBA-15中不同的Si与W物质的量比对氧化脱硫率的影响。同时考察了氧化脱硫体系中温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、剂油体积比等对脱硫率的影响。结果表明,催化剂的Si与W物质的量比为SW20时催化效果最好,在该反应体系中最佳的反应条件是:催化剂用量为60 mg,氧化反应时间为30 min,氧化温度为60℃,O/S的摩尔比为30,剂油比为1.25,萃取4次后模拟油的硫质量分数可从1 210.83μg/g降低到2.78μg/g,脱硫率可达99.77%。     

C_8H_(16)O_2-ZnCl_2/Al_2O_3负载型催化剂的制备及其脱硫性能研究

通过浸渍法将正辛酸-ZnCl_2低共熔溶剂负载到Al_2O_3上制备负载型催化剂正辛酸-ZnCl_2/Al_2O_3。以正辛酸-ZnCl_2/Al_2O_3为催化剂、过氧化氢为氧化剂脱除模拟油中的噻吩类硫化物。利用XRD、FT-IR、BET、EDS、SEM对其结构进行表征分析,同时考察了脱硫实验中反应温度、催化剂质量、O/S摩尔比、不同硫化物等因素对脱硫效果的影响。实验结果表明,在模拟油用量为5 mL、催化剂质量为0. 5 g、O/S摩尔比为6、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为180 min的条件下,二苯并噻吩(DBT)脱除率为99. 2%。催化剂循环使用5次DBT的脱除率没有明显变化。此外,研究了正辛酸-ZnCl_2/Al_2O_3负载型低共熔溶剂催化氧化的反应机理。     

W改性SiO2催化剂催化氧化脱除苯并噻吩的性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了W改性SiO2催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、N2吸附(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对催化剂进行表征。以苯并噻吩(BT)/石油醚模拟油为原料、H2O2为氧化剂,研究了催化剂催化氧化脱硫性能,考察了溶剂及用量、反应温度、氧化剂用量、催化剂用量、反应时间对苯并噻吩脱硫率的影响。结果表明,催化剂中W以WO3晶相存在,引入W后催化剂的比表面积有所降低。在模拟油原料20 mL、催化剂用量0.04 g、H2O2/S摩尔比8、乙腈/模拟油体积比0.3∶1、65℃下反应60 min时,模拟油脱硫率可达99.6%。     

NiY/MCM-41催化剂的制备及催化氧化脱硫研究

采用后合成法制备复合分子筛Y/MCM-41,并以其为载体,用活性组分硝酸镍对其改性,制备Ni-Y/MCM-41催化剂,并利用XRD、BET、N2吸附-脱附对其进行表征。结果表明,复合分子筛同时具有微孔分子筛Y沸石和介孔材料MCM-41分子筛的特征。以硫质量分数为300μg/g的模拟油进行催化氧化脱硫实验,考察了Ni离子的负载量、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、氧化剂用量等工艺条件对脱硫率的影响。结果表明:硝酸镍的负载量为10%,模拟油用量为20 m L,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为80 min,剂油比(催化剂与模拟油的质量比)为1∶70,V(H2O2)/V(油)=0.03时,脱硫率可达86.53%。     

固体超强酸S2O2-8 /TiO2 催化合成乙酸己酯

以固体超强酸S2 O2 - 8/TiO2 为催化剂合成了乙酸己酯 ,考察了催化剂制备条件对催化活性的影响以及酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对酯化率的影响。最佳反应条件为 :酸醇摩尔比 0 2 0∶0 2 4 ,催化剂用量0 6g ,反应时间 2h ,带水剂苯 1 0ml ,反应温度 1 0 0℃～ 1 1 0℃ ,酯化率可达 96 %以上。     

FCC柴油氧气氧化萃取法脱硫研究

以氧气作氧化剂,甲酸作催化剂,N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)作萃取剂,采用催化氧化反应与溶剂萃取相结合的方法对催化裂化柴油进行了氧化萃取脱硫实验。通过单因素实验考察了催化剂用量、催化氧化温度、时间、氧气压力及萃取剂的用量等对催化裂化柴油硫质量分数的影响。通过实验得出最适宜的脱硫条件为:反应温度80℃,反应时间90 min,充氧压力0.6 MPa,V(催化剂)∶V(柴油)=10%。经催化氧化,柴油硫质量分数可从1 694.2μg/g降到190.8μg/g,脱硫率达到88.7%;在V(萃取剂)∶V(柴油)=1.0和室温条件下,用NMP萃取3次,柴油硫质量分数为37.5μg/g,小于50μg/g,达到欧Ⅳ排放标准的要求。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.