脱氮硫杆菌生长特性及其对碳钢SRB腐蚀的防护作用研究

将脱氮硫杆菌(TDN)作用于被硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)微生物腐蚀的碳钢,研究了SRB和TDN生长特性及最适生长条件.利用静态挂片法研究SRB在不同环境下的腐蚀行为,以及TDN的防护效果;并借助扫描电子显微镜、X-射线能谱仪等研究了腐蚀后钢片的形貌及腐蚀产物.结果表明,SRB和TDN生存条件相似并可共存于同一环境;SRB可加速对X70钢的腐蚀,若有TDN共存时腐蚀程度明显降低,且TDN可消耗SRB代谢的具有腐蚀性的硫化物从而减轻SRB对钢基体的腐蚀.     

Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by N,N′-Dimethylaminoethanol in simulated concrete pore solution contaminated with NaCl

The inhibition behavior of N,N′-Dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA) as an organic corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solution contaminated with chloride ions encountered in the Mediterranean seawater (0.5 mol L^?1), at different temperatures, was investigated by means of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results obtained confirm that DMEA is an efficient corrosion inhibitor over the whole range of temperatures studied; it can significantly reduce the corrosion rate of carbon steel. The inhibition efficiency (IE%) increases as the DMEA concentration rises; it reaches its maximum average value of 80% at about 0.125 mol L^?1. The corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by DMEA occurs through chemisorption of inhibitor molecules on the active sites, according to the Langmuir isotherm; this leads to the formation of a passive layer on the metal surface which separates the metal from direct contact with the corrosive medium and hence keeps the interface in a passive state. Furthermore, the activation parameters of corrosion processes were determined and discussed.     

一株分离自输油管线中的硫酸盐还原菌生理生化特性及腐蚀行为研究

从塔里木某输油管线中分离出一株硫酸盐还原菌(SRB),并对其生理生化特性及腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明:该株SRB在不同碳源培养基中生长速率存在明显差异,最适生长温度为35℃左右,最适p H在7.5左右,最适Na Cl浓度在0.5%左右;接菌溶液中Q235钢片的腐蚀速率达到0.043 6 mm/a,远大于其在无菌溶液中的腐蚀速率。     

Interactions between steels and sulphide-producing bacteria—Corrosion of carbon steels and low-alloy steels in natural seawater

Metallic infrastructure immersed in natural seawater is exposed to important corrosion phenomena, which are sometimes characterised by microorganism influenced corrosion. The presence of sulphide-producing bacteria is generally associated with catastrophic cases of material degradation. In this work, commercial steel grades (carbon steels and low-alloy steels) are immersed for approximately 1 year in two types of natural seawater, which contain different concentrations of sulphide-producing bacteria. Gravimetric, microbiological, and electrochemical measurements and corrosion product analyses indicate that in seawater the observed corrosion phenomenon is composed of two different phases. The first phase is characterized by decreased corrosion kinetics correlated with a higher concentration of sessile sulphide-producing bacteria and the formation of sulphur-containing chemical species. The second phase is marked by an increased rate of corrosion. This multidisciplinary study demonstrates the complexity of the interactions between steels and bacteria. The presence of alloying elements in the steel composition affects the rate of corrosion and growth patterns of sessile sulphide-producing bacteria. At the same time, the presence of sulphide-producing bacteria affects in the process of steel corrosion in natural seawater.     

油田污水腐蚀影响因素研究

为研究各种因素对油田污水腐蚀的影响,采用室内静态挂片失重法试验了A3碳钢在不同H2S、CO2、溶解氧、SRB浓度及不同pH值和矿化度的模拟油田水中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,碳钢的腐蚀速率随H2S、CO2、溶解氧、SRB浓度的增加而增大,溶解氧会促进H2S和CO2的腐蚀,H2S会抑制CO2的腐蚀;碳钢的腐蚀速率随矿化度的增加先增大后减小,在矿化度为40 000 mg/L时达到最大;碳钢在碱性环境下的腐蚀速率比酸性环境下的腐蚀速率小的多。     

应用EFM技术检测碳钢在海水中的腐蚀行为

电化学频率调制（electrochemical frequency modulation,EFM）是一种腐蚀速度检测的新方法,能够同时测得腐蚀电流密度和Tafel常数。本文以恒电位仪、笔记本电脑、数据采集卡和LabVIEW开发的应用程序建立了EFM测试系统,将其用于低碳钢/海水体系,研究了扰动频率等测试参数对EFM测试结果的影响。在实验室应用EFM方法检测了Q235钢在NaCl溶液和舟山海水中的早期腐蚀速度,并与其他电化学方法进行了比较。结果表明,在低碳钢/海水体系中EFM方法测得的腐蚀速度因界面电容行为的影响而偏大,但EFM技术和测试系统仍然可以作为海洋腐蚀现场检测的一种理想选择。     

The influence of Desulfovibrio vulgaris on the efficiency of imidazoline as a corrosion inhibitor on low-carbon steel in seawater

The action of Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Dv) during a corrosion process has been reported in literature, but the influence of imidazoline in the formation of biofilms is not clear, as well as the effect of bacteria on the efficiency of the corrosion inhibitors. The aim of this work is to determine the behavior of bacteria in the presence of imidazoline. Therefore, the growth of Dv, isolated and characterized from a morphological point of view, was monitored during 21 days, during which synthetic seawater was used as the culture medium, according to the ASTM D665-98 standard. Electrochemical noise (EN) was employed to establish the corrosion type generated by the microorganism on an AISI 1018 steel cylinder. The attack was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to evaluate the efficiency of the corrosion inhibitor, Tafel extrapolation was used; the optimum concentration of the inhibitor was used in the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In general, two forms of corrosion were observed: localized corrosion (in the LAG phase) and mixed corrosion (in the LOG phase).     

Influence of sulphate-reducing bacteria on environmental parameters and marine corrosion behavior of Q235 steel in aerobic conditions

The growth cycle of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), Desulfovibrio caledoniensis, and the effect of SRB on the environmental parameters and corrosion behavior of Q235 steel during a growth cycle in aerobic (air- and O₂-saturated culture solutions) and anaerobic (N₂⁻ saturated culture solutions) conditions were investigated. Oxygen dissolved in the culture solutions induced slow growth and fast decay of SRB. The growth process of SRB under anaerobic and aerobic conditions influenced sulphide anion concentration (Cs2−), pH, and conductivity (κ). The values of Cs2− and κ under aerobic conditions were lower than those under anaerobic conditions, and the pH values increased from O₂- to air- to N₂-saturated culture solutions. Aerobic conditions induced the open circuit potential (E_OC) to shift in the positive direction after the stationary phase of SRB growth. The charge transfer resistance (R_ct) increased quickly during the exponential growth phase, almost maintained stability during the stationary phase, and decreased after the stationary phase in all three conditions, and the impedance magnitude decreased from O₂- to air- to N₂-saturated culture solutions. The biofilms induced by SRB were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed in abiotic and SRB-containing systems to distinguish the corrosion products. The reasons for the effects of SRB on the environmental parameters and corrosion behavior of carbon steel are discussed.     

The use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study the effect of chlorine and ammonia residuals on the corrosion of copper-based and nickel-based alloys in seawater

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the effect of residual chlorine and ammonia on the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel, UNS C71500 and UNS N06030 in seawater. Typical interfacial impedance results showed slightly shifting to resistive behaviour for the three alloys upon the addition of 5 ppm of chlorine to seawater. However, a slight shift of the impedance towards less resistive behaviour for the three alloys was observed when 5 ppm of ammonia was added to the seawater.     

Corrosion inhibition and Biocidal effect of some cationic surfactants based on Schiff base

The three cationic surfactants based on Schiff base were laboratory prepared, (E)-decyl-4-[(2-hydroxyethylamino) methyl]-N,N-dimethyl benzenaminium bromide (I), (E)-dodecyl-4-[(2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl]-N,N-dimethyl benzenaminium bromide (II) and (E)-hexadecyl-4-[(2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl]-N,N-dimethyl benzenaminium bromide (III) were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in acid medium and antimicrobial agents against sulfate reducing bacteria, SRB. Three techniques were used for the corrosion inhibition evaluation, namely; weight loss, polarization and electrochemical impedance. The serial dilution method was used to evaluate the inhibiting effect of these compounds on the sulfate reducing bacteria growth. The results showed that the prepared compounds have good antimicrobial activities against the SRB as well as they have high efficiency as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1 M HCl.     

稳态极化法测定碳钢的腐蚀速率

采用稳态极化法测定碳钢在酸性、碱性和中性电解质溶液中的极化曲线，求出了碳钢在各种介质中的自腐蚀电流。讨论了碳钢在不同介质中的腐蚀速率及缓蚀剂和气体的加入对碳钢腐蚀速率的影响。     

海水淡化水缓蚀剂的研究及应用

对比了7种缓蚀剂在低碱、低硬、高氯离子的海水淡化水中对碳钢、黄铜、不锈钢的缓蚀性能。结果表明:80 mg/L的TS-528G在海水淡化水中对碳钢、黄铜、不锈钢有良好的缓蚀效果,运行20 d碳钢的腐蚀率为0.027mm/a,黄铜的腐蚀率为0.002 2 mm/a,不锈钢的腐蚀率为0.002 5 mm/a。将TS-528G应用于天津大港某化工厂循环冷却水系统,运行7个月碳钢的腐蚀率<0.05 mm/a,黄铜、不锈钢的腐蚀率<0.004 mm/a。     

硫酸盐还原菌诱导腐蚀的电化学噪声分析

基于电化学噪声(EN)和信号处理研究硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对304不锈钢诱导的腐蚀。将304不锈钢电极分别置于硫酸盐还原菌接种前后的培养基中,利用电化学工作站分别对2种试样的腐蚀进程进行电化学噪声测量,将测得的噪声数据去除直流漂移,再对这些数据进行时域、频域和小波分析。结果表明:通过时域分析得到的标准偏差和噪声电阻可表征腐蚀速率,局部因子则可以区分腐蚀类型。通过频域分析得到的功率谱密度曲线,能表征304不锈钢腐蚀的程度。小波分析则能从不同尺度下分解信号,更加直观、清晰地表征腐蚀进程。利用电化学噪声技术能很好地监测SRB对不锈钢的腐蚀影响,根据不同的需求采用不同的分析方法进行电化学噪声数据分析,才能准确表征腐蚀类型、腐蚀速率以及腐蚀程度。     

Corrosion of carbon steel influenced by anaerobic biofilm in natural seawater

The bacteria in the anaerobic biofilm on rusted carbon steel immersed in natural seawater were characterized by culturing and molecular biology techniques. Two types of anaerobic bacterium, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) Desulfovibrio caledoniensis and iron-reducing bacteria Clostridium sp. uncultured were found. The compositions of the rust layer were also analyzed and we found that iron oxide and sulfate green rust were the major components. To investigate the corrosion mechanisms, electrochemical impedance spectra was obtained based on the isolated sulfate-reducing bacteria and mixed bacteria cultured from rust layer in laboratory culture conditions. We found that single species produced iron sulfide and accelerated corrosion, but mixed species produced sulfate green rust and inhibited corrosion. The anaerobic corrosion mechanism of steel was proposed and its environmental significance was discussed.     

Corrosion Resistance of Steels Used in Alcohol and Sugar Industry

Evaporators used in power plants for sugar production are vessels with two boxes of heat exchangers. These heat exchangers made of a low‐corrosion resistance material are frequently replaced during the alcohol production process. In view of the growing production of cane, sugar, and alcohol, and the corrosion of materials used in power plants, it was necessary to find alternative materials for carbon steel applied in the evaporators. A comparative study of the corrosion resistance of stainless steel as well as unalloyed and alloyed carbon‐manganese steels in neutral and acid sugar cane juice electrolytes is presented. The alloyed carbon steels showed the best corrosion behavior in an acid environment compared to a neutral medium. Among the alloyed carbon steels, ASTM T11 and ASTM T22 steels provided the highest corrosion resistance in sugar cane juice.     

垃圾渗滤液处置设备材质选择的研究

垃圾渗滤液的处理是目前较为复杂的废水处理之一,高盐高COD使得可生化性差。由于Cl离子高达20~30g/L,在渗滤液储存处理过程中,设备材质的耐腐要求很高。借鉴海水淡化的研究工作基础,通过电化学工作站研究了以渗滤液为工作介质的钛材、双相钢2205、双相钢2507三种材质的极化曲线关系,从而得到三种材质的腐蚀速率。实验认为,钛材具有明显的耐腐性能和抗极化性能,双相钢2507的耐腐性能良好,但抗极化性能较差,双相钢2205对耐氯介质无抗腐蚀能力。根据材质的腐蚀速率以及实际工况,对三种材质进行经济评价,认为中短期项目选择双相钢2507较好,长期项目还是应以钛材为宜。     

Accelerated low water corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of a biofilm harbouring sulphate-reducing and sulphur-oxidising bacteria recovered from a marine sediment

Investigations were undertaken to elucidate causes of accelerated low water corrosion (ALWC) of steel piling in a harbour in Southern England. Visual inspection revealed features characteristic of ALWC such as the presence of poorly adherent, thick corrosion products of varying morphology, often seen as large blisters randomly located on sections of the structure at the low water mark. Upon the removal of blisters, a bright surface covered with shallow pits was exposed. Representative samples of the corrosion products were collected from the structure and water and sediment specimens were retrieved from selected areas in the harbour for microbiological, chemical and microscopy testing. In the laboratory, field samples were enriched to detect and enumerate communities of sulphur-oxidising bacteria (SOB) and sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Biofilms, comprising SRB and SOB populations isolated from a sediment sample were grown under static conditions on surfaces of electrodes manufactured from steel piling material. Linear polarisation resistance (LPR) measurements revealed that the corrosion rate of steel with biofilms (0.518 mm y⁻¹) was higher than that recorded in sterile seawater alone (0.054 mm y⁻¹) and in sterile seawater to which nutrient was added (0.218 mm y⁻¹). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging demonstrated enhanced pitting under biofilms. The results of our investigation revealed for the first time that the attack on steel piling in the presence of sediment SRB and SOB populations was characteristic of ALWC.     

碳钢试片实海电化学检测与腐蚀规律的相关性

引言 由于海水腐蚀的严重性和复杂性,材料在海洋环境中的腐蚀数据积累及试验研究一直受到各国的重视.美国ASTM曾委托LaQue腐蚀试验中心开展了全球14个海水腐蚀站点的材料腐蚀试验[1],为评价世界范围内海水的腐蚀性提供了依据.     

316L不锈钢在硫酸盐还原菌与铁氧化菌溶液中的腐蚀及电化学行为

1 INTRODUCTION Type 316L stainless steel has good corrosion re- sistance and has been used increasingly for cooling water service in the chemical, petrochemical and power utility industries. However stainless steel is susceptible to localized corrosion by chloride ions and reduced sulfur compounds[1]. The presence of micro- organisms on a metal surface often leads to highly localized damages in the concentration of the electro- lyte constituents, pH and oxygen levels[2]. These mi- croorg…     

Corrosion monitoring of reinforcing steel in cement mortar by EIS and ENA

Health degradation by corrosion of steel in civil engineering, especially in rough environment, is a persistent problem. Environment pollution and global warming will exacerbate this problem. The assessment of whole-life costing and residual service life prediction of structures is very important. Pitting corrosion is the most important factor which influences the service life of the reinforced concrete structures in many chloride included environments. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method is used to study the corrosion process of reinforcing steel in cement mortar. According to the results of the experiments, dispersion and diffusing effect control the electrochemical process of carbon steel corrosion in the cement mortar. By fitting the results with EC, the parameters about CPE and Warburg impedance are calculated. The pitting corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel in cement mortar has been studied by electrochemical noise analysis (ENA) method, the wavelet transform has been employed to analyze the EN data of reinforcing steel in mortar, and the energy distribution plot (EDP) is plotted. The experimental results show that the change of EDP during the corrosion process can qualitatively reveal useful information on corrosion mechanisms.