磷镁改性HZSM-5催化剂甲苯甲醇烷基化性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了系列磷镁改性ZSM-5催化剂，考察了磷镁改性对HZSM-5催化剂甲苯甲醇烷基化反应活性和选择性的影响。并对其进行了NH3-TPD，Py—IR，XRD等表征，研究了改性氧化物在ZSM-5分子筛表面的分布状态以及其对催化剂的酸性质的影响，结果表明磷元素改性有效降低了催化剂的酸强度，抑制了甲苯歧化反应；MgO质量含量低时，主要以无定形状态高度分散在分子筛外表面上，含量较高时形成结晶态MgO。MgO改性主要作用是覆盖了催化剂外表面酸性活性中心，堵塞了孔口，提高了反应产物的对位选择性。     

聚苯基甲基硅氧烷改性ZSM-5分子筛上的甲苯择形歧化反应

以聚苯基甲基硅氧烷为改性剂,采用化学液相沉积法对ZSM-5分子筛催化剂进行改性修饰,考察改性催化剂的甲苯择形歧化反应性能。采用XRD、BET、NH 3-TPD表征改性催化剂的孔结构和酸性质。结果表明,聚苯基甲基硅氧烷作为改性剂可以增加催化剂的弱酸中心和中强酸中心酸量,同时缩小催化剂的平均孔径,改性程度与改性次数有关。改性催化剂用于甲苯歧化反应可以增加对二甲苯的选择性,对二甲苯选择性的增加程度与改性次数有关,改性次数增多,对二甲苯选择性增加越显著,同时甲苯转化率越低,副反应越多。     

甲苯在硅沉积结合水热改性ZSM-5分子筛上的选择性歧化

采用液相沉积法研究了硅改性剂结合水热改性对择形分子筛的表面酸性和孔结构参数的影响。以甲苯的歧化反应为探针，考察了改性剂的种类和改性次数等因素对催化剂选择性和活性的影响。结果表明，硅改性剂能显著改变分子筛的强酸性，可以对择形分子筛的孔结构进行精细调节。分子筛改性后甲苯的转化率有所降低，但对二甲苯的选择性明显提高。     

ZSM-5分子筛催化甲苯和三甲苯的歧化与烷基转移反应

采用碱处理的方式改性ZSM-5分子筛,考察了温度、空速等反应条件和ZSM-5分子筛硅铝比对催化甲苯与1,2,4-三甲苯烷基化转移和歧化反应的反应物转化率和产物选择性的影响。结果表明,温度升高有利于提高反应物转化率及苯的选择性;提高空速,反应物转化率降低,苯的选择性降低,1,2,3-三甲苯的选择性升高。当硅铝比由120降至38时,反应物转化率明显提高,苯与二甲苯选择性也略有升高,而1,2,3-三甲苯选择性降低。碱处理改性降低了ZSM-5分子筛的硅铝比,在分子筛中引入了介孔结构;硅铝比的降低导致反应物转化率有明显升高;介孔结构的引入可以有效地提高催化剂的稳定性。     

化学液相沉积法改性ZSM-5沸石上的甲苯择形歧化反应:Ⅱ水蒸气处理与反应条件的影响

采用水蒸气对化学液相沉积硅改性HZSM 5催化剂进行了处理,考察了250~500℃时水热处理温度对催化剂在甲苯择形歧化反应中的催化活性和对二甲苯选择性的影响。实验结果表明,300~350℃时的水热处理效果较好,甲苯转化率和对二甲苯选择性分别达到23.5%和96.5%。在高对位选择性的催化剂上,详细考察了反应温度、反应压力、氢气与甲苯进料比和甲苯进料速率对甲苯转化率、对二甲苯选择性和收率的影响。实验结果表明,高压、较低温度、低液相空速有利于提高对二甲苯的收率,在反应温度420℃、压力2.5 MPa、甲苯的质量空速为1.5 h-1、氢烃摩尔比为2~3的条件下,甲苯转化率为25.8%,选择性为94.1%,对二甲苯收率为10.5%。     

Ce/ZSM-5气相催化氧化甲苯制备苯甲醛

采用浸渍法、离子交换法以及均匀沉淀法制备出金属活性组分改性的M/ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,气相催化氧化甲苯制备苯甲醛;同时采用XRD、FT-IR及N2-物理吸附等对其进行表征.结果表明:在反应温度为350℃,空速为2500h-1,n(空气)∶n(甲苯)=5∶1,催化剂为10％Ce/ZSM-5的反应条件下,苯甲醛的收率、转化率、选择性分别达到了5.0％、10.7％、46.8％.     

改性介微孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂制备及催化甲苯甲醇烷基化反应性能

将微孔ZSM-5分子筛通过不同浓度的氢氧化钠溶液处理不同的时间制备不同的介微孔ZSM-5分子筛,然后负载五氧化二磷制备介微孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,对介微孔ZSM-5分子筛负载五氧化二磷催化剂进行甲苯甲醇烷基化反应评价。其中氢氧化钠溶液浓度为1.0 mol/L、处理时间为30 min得到的介微孔ZSM-5分子筛负载五氧化二磷催化剂催化甲苯甲醇烷基化反应的活性较高。对介微孔ZSM-5分子筛负载五氧化二磷催化剂进一步采用铂进行改性,将制备的催化剂用于甲苯甲醇烷基化反应,在460 ℃条件下连续反应505 h,甲苯转化率保持在10.9%,二甲苯中对二甲苯的选择性保持在96%以上。研究结果表明,五氧化二磷、铂改性的介微孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂具有优异的甲苯甲醇烷基化反应性能。     

不同晶粒形貌ZSM-5分子筛的表征及催化甲苯歧化反应

制备不同晶粒形貌的ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRD、SEM和NH_3-TPD对合成的分子筛催化剂进行表征,并用于甲苯歧化反应考察其催化性能。结果表明,制备的ZSM-5分子筛具有六角板状、棒状和球状3种晶粒形貌,棒状分子筛暴露较多的(101)晶面,六角板状分子筛暴露较多的(020)晶面,棒状分子筛具有较高的强酸量。在甲苯歧化反应中,ZSM-5分子筛催化剂暴露(101)晶面越多,产物扩散可能性越大,导致甲苯转化率提高,强酸量增加使副反应发生可能性增大,降低二甲苯选择性。     

新型甲苯择形歧化催化剂工艺条件优化

以纯甲苯为原料,分别考察了温度、压力、空速和氢烃比等工艺条件对新型甲苯择形歧化催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:在新型甲苯择形歧化催化剂作用下,反应温度提高或反应压力增加,甲苯转化率增加,对二甲苯选择性下降;反应空速提高,甲苯转化率降低,对二甲苯选择性增加;氢烃比增加,甲苯转化率降低,对二甲苯选择性没有明显的变化。该催化剂稳定性良好,在反应温度445℃,压力2.0 MPa,氢烃分子比2.0和空速4.0 h~(-1)的条件下进行1 000 h催化剂稳定性试验,甲苯转化率可达30.2%,对二甲苯选择性可达94.3%。     

用于高选择性芳烃脱烷基的催化剂及反应工艺的研究

针对目前乙苯脱烷基反应工艺选择性低的缺点,研究了碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基反应的机理,制备了高选择性的新型芳烃脱烷基择形催化剂,并考察优化了相应的反应工艺与条件参数.首先通过不同酸性、结构的分子筛MOR、USY、Beta、SAPO11、ZSM-5等用于乙苯脱烷基催化反应性能的比较.选择了硅铝比25～50的十元环孔道ZSM-5分子筛作为催化材料;通过采用表面硅沉积修饰的方法对ZSM-5分子筛进行了改性,有效调节了分子筛孔口的尺寸及分子筛的表面酸性,提高了分子筛的择形催化效率,改性后仅允许乙苯进入ZSM-5孔中进行脱烷基反应,抑制了乙苯烷基转移、二甲苯歧化等副反应发生,从而减少了C8芳烃的损失.并通过对不同程度表面硅改件的ZSM-5催化剂反应性能进行比较,研究了表面改性修饰与择形效率的关系,进一步研究了不同种类金属助催化剂的引入对反应活性与选择性的影响.0.10%～0.20%质量分数Pd或Pt助催化剂可以使得脱烷基反应的产物乙烯能迅速转化为乙烷,有效地防止了催化剂在反应中的结焦,提高了催化剂的稳定性,并促进了乙苯的脱烷基反应转化.催化剂在氢气压力为1.5～2.0 MPa,反应温度420℃,空速为6～12 h-1较优反应条件下,乙苯转化率在90%以上,反应选择性达到95%.     

Butene Catalytic Cracking to Propene and Ethene over Potassium Modified ZSM-5 Catalysts

Catalytic cracking of butene over potassium modified ZSM-5 catalysts was carried out in a fixed-bed microreactor. By increasing the K loading on the ZSM-5, butene conversion and ethene selectivity decreased almost linearly, while propene selectivity increased first, then passed through a maximum (about 50% selectivity) with the addition of ca. 0.7–1.0% K, and then decreased slowly with further increasing of the K loading. The reaction conditions were 620 °C, WHSV 3.5 h⁻¹, 0.1 MPa 1-butene partial pressure and 1 h of time on stream. Both by potassium modification of the ZSM-5 zeolite and by N₂ addition in the butene feed could enhance the selectivity towards propene effectively, but the catalyst stability did not show any improvement. On the other hand, addition of water to the butene feed could not only increase the butene conversion, but also improve the stability of the 0.7%K/ZSM-5 catalyst due to the effective removal of the coke formed, as demonstrated by the TPO spectra. XRD results indicated that the ZSM-5 structure of the 0.07% K/ZSM-5 catalyst was not destroyed even under this serious condition of adding water at 620 °C.     

Aromatic Transformations Over Mesoporous ZSM-5: Advantages and Disadvantages

Catalytic behavior of mesoporous ZSM-5 was investigated in toluene disproportionation, toluene alkylation with isopropyl alcohol, and p-xylene alkylation with isopropyl alcohol to understand the effect of the presence of mesopores. Three ZSM-5 zeolites (conventional one and two mesoporous differing in the mesopore volume) having similar Si/Al ratio were synthesized and characterized as for their acidity (internal and external) as well as their micropore/mesopore volume. No substantial differences among three samples were observed as for the type and concentration of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites as well as their location in zeolite channels or on external surface of zeolite crystals. Conversions of toluene and p-xylene increased with increasing volume of mesopores in ZSM-5 zeolite while the selectivity to individual products depended on the type of reaction. In general, selectivity to sum of xylenes in toluene disproportionation, sum of isopropyltoluenes in toluene alkylation and to 1-isopropyl-2,5-dimethylbenzene in p-xylene alkylation increased due to a shorter contact time molecules spent in mesoporous ZSM-5 catalysts. In contrast, para-selectivity decreased as diffusion pathways were shorten due to the presence of mesopores.     

Comparison of Activity and Selectivity of SSZ-33 Based Catalyst with other Zeolites in Toluene Disproportionation

SSZ-33 based-catalyst, after modification with Mo and alumina binder, was evaluated in long-run tests in the toluene disproportionation in the presence of hydrogen as a carrier gas. The activity and selectivity of this catalyst were compared with those of ZSM-5 and mesoporous ZSM-5 prepared with the same concentration of Mo and alumina. Formation of the final catalysts decreased the void volume of micropores in order SSZ-33 > ZSM-5 > ZSM-5/Meso. Simultaneously, the concentration of Lewis acid sites increased due to the addition of alumina to the catalyst. The highest toluene conversion was achieved with SSZ-33 catalyst comprising 12-12-10-ring channels, which is the result of high acidity of this zeolite together with increased mass transport through large pores. ZSM-5 zeolite exhibited lower toluene conversion while only a low activity was found for mesoporous ZSM-5 probably due to the limitations of the access to the zeolite channels after modification with alumina.     

Improved selectivity in the toluene alkylation reaction through understanding and optimising the process variables

It has been demonstrated that it is possible to produce p-xylene with near-perfect selectivity by optimising the process variables of the toluene alkylation reaction over a B/ZSM-5 catalyst. This has been achieved specifically by minimising the undesirable isomerisation of p-xylene on the external acid sites of the catalyst by controlling the contact time. This offers a superior route to high selectivity compared to multiple pre-treatments of the catalyst to eliminate external acid sites (for example, by silanisation). Additionally, a high toluene:methanol feed ratio is beneficial because it minimises the methanol dehydration reaction. A further benefit is that the maximum theoretical conversion of toluene is limited, which diminishes p-xylene product inhibition. These findings confirm that toluene alkylation is best operated in a multistage reactor, but also highlight the need for removal of p-xylene as well as addition of methanol between stages. The method of catalyst preparation is not critical, provided that there is sufficient boron present (≥6.5 wt%) and any boron lost through sublimation during the reaction is replenished. It has been found that an active catalyst can be produced in situ by either loading a physical mixture of hydroboric acid and HZSM-5 into the reactor prior to reaction or even placing a bed of hydroboric acid upstream from a bed of HZSM-5. The in situ-formed catalyst readily achieves >99.9% selectivity to the desired p-xylene isomer, under optimised conditions.     

ZSM-5分子筛的磷改性及其碳四烯烃催化裂解性能

ZSM-5分子筛的磷改性及其碳四烯烃催化裂解性能
薛扬,袁桂梅*,陈胜利,李淑娟,袁锐
（中国石油大学（北京）重质油国家重点实验室,北京 102249） 为了提高丙烯和乙烯产率,增强催化剂的稳定性,采用等体积浸渍法对硅铝物质的量比为38的ZSM-5分子筛进行磷改性,对制备的催化剂进行SEM、XRD、N2吸附-脱附和NH3-TPD表征,考察不同磷含量ZSM-5分子筛对C4烯烃催化裂解反应性能的影响。表征结果表明,随着磷含量的升高,磷改性后的ZSM-5分子筛晶体结构变化不大,比表面积和孔容逐渐减小,结晶度降低,酸强度减弱,酸量减小。性能评价结果表明,随着磷含量的升高,丁烯转化率逐渐下降,丙烯和乙烯选择性、收率先升后降,磷质量分数为2%时,ZSM-5分子筛催化性能较好,相对结晶度为84.66%,平均孔径2.334 nm,孔容0.154 cm3·g-1,微孔孔容0.082 8 cm3·g-1,比表面积264.1 m2·g-1,总酸量0.559 mmol-NH3·g-1,丙烯选择性约40%,乙烯和丙烯总收率约57%。     

Benzene alkylation with methanol over phosphate modified hierarchical porous ZSM-5 with tailored acidity

The acidity and acid distribution of hierarchical porous ZSM-5 were tailored via phosphate modification.The catalytic results showed that both benzene conversion and selectivity of toluene and xylene increased with the presence of appropriate amount of phosphorus.Meanwhile,side reactions such as methanol to olefins related with the formation of by-product ethylbenzene formation and isomerization of xylene to meta-xylene were suppressed efficiently.The acid strength and sites amount of Br(o)nsted acid of the catalyst were crucial for improving benzene conversion and yield of xylene,whereas passivation of external surface acid sites played an important role in breaking thermodynamic equilibrium distribution of xylene isomers.     

Selective synthesis of p-xylene by alkylation of toluene with dimethyl carbonate over magnesium acetate-modified ZSM-5

以乙酸镁为前体,采用等体积浸渍法制备不同负载量的MgO/ZSM-5催化剂,在气相连续流动固定床反应器上对甲苯与碳酸二甲酯（DMC）择形烷基化合成对二甲苯进行了研究。采用XRD、NH₃-TPD、吡啶吸附红外和2,4-二甲基喹啉吸附红外等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明：B酸中心是甲苯与DMC烷基化反应的活性中心;随着MgO负载量的增加,甲苯转化率下降,对二甲苯的选择性上升;当MgO负载量大于9%时,甲苯转化率和对二甲苯选择性基本保持不变。2,4-二甲基喹啉吸附红外表征结果表明,乙酸镁在改性过程中未进入ZSM-5孔道内,焙烧分解生成的MgO主要分布在分子筛的外表面,分子筛孔内酸位并未受到影响。随着MgO负载量的增加,催化剂外表面的B酸位数量下降,当负载量大于9%时,外表面的B酸位基本消失。     

用于MTP反应ZSM-5分子筛的磷改性研究

将P改性用于甲醇制丙烯(MTP)反应ZSM-5分子筛的改性研究,以提高丙烯选择性和分子筛活性稳定性。采用XRD、SEM和NH_3-TPD表征催化剂物化性能。对不同硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛P改性研究发现,3种不同硅铝物质的量比(50、150和300)ZSM-5分子筛进行P改性时,在n(P)∶n(Al)=0.5~0.7时,ZSM-5分子筛改性后丙烯选择性和寿命得到提升。研究分子筛晶粒尺寸与P负载量关系时发现,随着分子筛晶粒尺寸的增大,位于分子筛表面的P含量逐渐增加,并且分子筛晶粒越小,最佳的P负载量越小。