V_2O_5@CeO_2核壳微球结构的脱硝催化剂制备及其抗硫性能

利用静电自组装法制备了V_2O_5@CeO_2核壳微球结构,并负载在TiO_2上。考察了分散剂六偏磷酸钠(SHP)对表面zeta电位的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、投射电镜(TEM)观察了核壳结构的形貌,并在固定床上进行了脱硝性能测试,并通过比表面积(BET)、氨气吸附漫反射(in situ DRIFTS)等进行表征。结果表明:SHP使纳米颗粒表面带负电,且一定范围内SHP浓度越高,zeta电位越大;含质量分数1%V_2O_5、5%CeO_2的催化剂,在260~400℃间具有80%以上的脱硝效率,对比了该核壳结构与传统浸渍法制备催化剂的抗硫抗水性,烟气中含15%(体积分数)H_2O,SO_2含量较低时,脱硝性能优于传统浸渍法制备的催化剂。     

Fe2O3对V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂表面性质及其性能的影响

催化剂是选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝技术的核心,研究Fe对钒钛系SCR催化剂脱硝活性及SO₂/SO₃转化率的影响具有重要意义。采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同Fe/V质量比的Fe₂O₃-V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂催化剂,并进行表征,研究Fe对钒钛系SCR催化剂脱硝活性及SO₂/SO₃转化率的影响,并讨论Fe对于钒钛系SCR催化剂表面性质的影响。结果表明,随着催化剂表面Fe₂O₃含量增加,催化剂的脱硝效率及二氧化硫氧化率均是先上升后下降,当Fe/V质量比为3.0时,催化剂的脱硝效率和二氧化硫氧化率均达到最大值91.78%、1.01%。XPS及H₂-TPR结果表明,随着Fe₂O₃含量增加,催化剂表面钒活性组分的相对含量及V⁴⁺/V⁵⁺比减小,催化剂表面吸附氧(O_α)浓度增加,催化剂的氧化能力增强。NO-TPD结果表明,随着Fe₂O₃含量增加,催化剂表面吸附NO的能力增强。     

不锈钢板负载V2O5-WO3-TiO2催化剂制备及其催化还原脱硝性能

以溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO₂粉末为载体,偏钒酸铵和水合钨酸铵溶液为浸渍液,采用分步浸渍法制备了V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂催化剂,以聚乙烯醇-硅溶胶为黏合剂,采用涂覆法将催化剂粘合于经硫酸和钛酸丁酯溶胶处理过的不锈钢板板材表面,获得不锈钢板负载的V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂催化剂。采用XRD、FT-IR和SEM等表征手段对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂催化剂可均匀负载于不锈钢板表面。采用氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物法研究了催化剂的脱硝性能,结果表明,在空速8 000 L·（kg·h）^-1和反应温度360 ℃的条件下,NOx脱除率超过92%,且制备的催化剂具有良好的稳定性和耐硫性。     

V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 催化剂的NOx选择性催化还原及SO2氧化活性

采用浸渍法以TiO₂为载体制备V₂O₅-MoO₃/TiO₂ 选择性催化还原催化剂,研究V₂O₅和MoO₃负载量对于催化剂选择性催化还原反应及SO₂氧化活性的影响,并考察氧含量、氨氮物质的量比和反应空速对3%V₂O₅-6%MoO₃/TiO₂催化剂选择性催化还原脱硝活性的影响。结果表明,随着催化剂中V₂O₅负载质量分数增加,V₂O₅-MoO₃/TiO₂ 催化剂的选择性催化还原活性和SO₂氧化活性均呈上升趋势。MoO₃的负载对催化剂的SO₂氧化活性有明显抑制作用。MoO₃负载质量分数超过9%,制备的催化剂既保持较高的低温选择性催化还原活性,又使选择性催化还原反应中的SO₂转化率小于1%。     

V2O5/（TiO2-SiO2）脱硝催化剂新型制备工艺及性能研究

将偏钒酸铵和羟丙基甲基纤维素搅拌混溶制备滴胶液,以自制的7孔圆柱蜂窝钛硅复合氧化物为载体,采用滴胶涂覆法制备了V₂O₅/（TiO₂-SiO₂）脱硝催化剂。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、比表面积分析（BET）和催化剂评价等方法对制备的脱硝催化剂进行分析表征。考察了五氧化二钒在钛硅复合氧化物载体上的分布、五氧化二钒涂覆量等对催化剂性能的影响,并就反应温度、反应空速、氨与一氧化氮物质的量比等条件对脱硝催化剂活性的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明,使用五氧化二钒涂覆量为1.2%（质量分数）的V₂O₅/（TiO₂-SiO₂）脱硝催化剂,在反应温度为320 ℃、空速为10 000 h^-1、氨与一氧化氮物质的量比为1.2条件下进行脱硝活性实验,一氧化氮转化率达到93.0%。经与工业脱硝催化剂对比实验表明,制备的V₂O₅/（TiO₂-SiO₂）脱硝催化剂性能优良,并且降低了钒的使用量,节约了生产成本,减少了环境污染。     

碱金属化合物对V2O5/AC催化剂低温脱硝的影响

研究了碱金属化合物(K₂SO₄)对活性炭(AC)担载五氧化二钒(V₂O₅)组成的V₂O₅/AC催化剂的低温脱硝活性的影响。发现在V₂O₅/AC催化剂表面负载碱金属化合物(K₂SO₄)后其脱硝活性大大降低。用等体积浸渍法制备了V₂O₅/AC催化剂和K_x-V₂/AC(x=0.5,1,2)催化剂。采用5种模型对动力学实验数据进行关联。结果显示,无论V₂O₅/AC催化剂是否负载K₂SO₄,Eley-Rideal模型均比其他模型可更好地描述SCR脱硝反应,碱金属化合物(K₂SO₄)的存在提高了反应活化能,但并不改变反应机理。     

Sn对V2O5/Al2O3催化剂在异丁烷脱氢反应中的影响

以Al₂O₃为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型高分散氧化钒催化剂（12%V₂O₅/Al₂O₃）,并选择Sn作为助剂对12%V₂O₅/Al₂O₃催化剂的表面性质进行调控,采用XRD、N₂等温吸脱附、NH₃-TPD、H₂-TPR、XPS、TEM和Raman光谱等方法对催化剂进行表征,结合活性评价实验,研究了催化剂表面物种分散状态、酸性和活性物种价态的变化与异丁烷脱氢活性和稳定性之间的关系。表征结果显示,Sn对V₂O₅/Al₂O₃表面的酸性和V物种在催化剂表面的分布和价态具有一定的调节作用,当Sn质量分数为1%时,氧化锡在催化剂表面分散均匀,对表面积和孔结构影响较小,同时,表面酸性变化较小,表面低价态的钒物种增多。活性评价结果表明,该催化剂在临氢反应条件下保持了最佳的脱氢活性及稳定性,异丁烷脱氢反应480min后,异丁烷转化率为46.8%,异丁烯收率为39.8%。     

溶胶-凝胶原位合成宽活性温度V2O5/TiO2脱硝催化剂

利用溶胶-凝胶技术原位合成一系列不同V₂O₅担载量的V₂O₅/TiO₂催化剂,通过BET、XRD、NH₃-TPD及紫外-可见光等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明：制备的催化剂均具有介孔结构,V₂O₅在TiO₂表面高度分散,且存在3种典型的酸性位。通过选择性催化还原反应对V₂O₅/TiO₂催化剂进行活性评价,结果显示随着V₂O₅含量的增加,NO转化率大于75%的温度窗口向低温方向偏移,含10% （质量分数）V₂O₅的催化剂的NO转化率为80%的温度窗口最宽为200～450℃,240℃时20 h连续实验表现出稳定的抗硫抗水性能。结合紫外-可见光谱分析,揭示了钒掺杂所形成的单聚和低聚钒酸盐为催化剂的活性组分。     

系列催化剂同时脱硫脱硝性能

FCC烟气中的SO₂和NO是主要的大气污染物,选择性催化还原是一种很好的脱除方法。采用浸渍法制备了CuO不同负载量的CuO/γ-Al₂O₃系列催化剂,通过XRD和H₂-TPR对催化剂进行表征,使用常压固定床流动法微型催化反应装置考察催化剂在以CO为还原气时,同时脱硫脱硝的催化活性。结果表明,CuO作为活性组分很好地分散在γ-Al₂O₃载体上,不破坏其结构;不同CuO负载量的CuO/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有良好的脱硫脱硝活性,脱硝率超过95.00%,脱硫率最低也能达到80.00%,CuO负载质量分数为10%的CuO/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂有最佳的脱硫脱硝活性;以CO作还原剂,CuO/γ-Al₂O₃系列催化剂的活性温度较高,脱硝率在700 ℃达到最大,为97.90%,脱硫率在760 ℃达到最大,为93.34%。CuO负载质量分数为10%的CuO/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂可作为一种较好的高温脱硫脱硝催化剂。     

微波热解制备g-Fe2O3催化剂及其SCR脱硝性能

以FeSO₄·7H₂O[Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O]为铁源,采用新型微波热解法制备γ-Fe₂O₃[a-Fe₂O₃]催化剂样品,通过XRD、N₂等温吸附-脱附、压汞法等实验手段对催化剂样品晶相、微观孔结构等进行表征;考察两种催化剂样品的NH₃-SCR脱硝性能,通过归一化处理得到两种催化剂在不同温度下的本征脱硝反应速率,同时对比研究了γ-Fe₂O₃与钒系催化剂的脱硝活性;研究氨氮比、氧浓度等运行参数对γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂NH₃-SCR脱硝性能的影响规律,并对其抗硫抗水性能进行考察.结果表明:采用新型微波热解法可得到纯度较高的γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂,其介孔分布合理且大孔数量丰富;同时γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂表现出优于a-Fe₂O₃催化剂的脱硝性能,400℃时最大NO_x转化率达到96%,300、325、350℃下单位面积脱硝速率达到a-Fe₂O₃催化剂的3倍左右;γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂具备优良的抗硫抗水性能,其最佳氨氮比为1、最佳氧体积分数为3.5%.     

Combined effect of H2O and SO2 on V2O5/AC catalysts for NO reduction with ammonia at lower temperatures

Combined effect of H₂O and SO₂ on V₂O₅/AC the activity of catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃ at lower temperatures was studied. In the absence of SO₂, H₂O inhibits the catalytic activity, which may be attributed to competitive adsorption of H₂O and reactants (NO and/or NH₃). Although SO₂ promotes the SCR activity of the V₂O₅/AC catalyst in the absence of H₂O, it speeds the deactivation of the catalyst in the presence of H₂O. The dual effect of SO₂ is attributed to the SO₄²⁻ formed on the catalyst surface, which stays as ammonium-sulfate salts on the catalyst surface. In the absence of H₂O, a small amount of ammonium-sulfate salts deposits on the surface of the catalyst, which promote the SCR activity; in the presence of H₂O, however, the deposition rate of ammonium-sulfate salts is much greater, which results in blocking of the catalyst pores and deactivates the catalyst. Decreasing V₂O₅ loading decreases the deactivation rate of the catalyst. The catalyst can be used stably at a space velocity of 9000 h⁻¹ and temperature of 250 °C.     

WO_3负载量对V_2O_5/WO_3-TiO_2催化剂脱硝性能的影响

采用V_2O_5/WO_3-TiO_2作为脱硝催化剂,考察活性组分V_2O_5和助剂WO_3负载量对催化剂脱硝活性和抗硫抗水性能的影响。结果表明,3%V_2O_5/x WO_3-TiO_2催化剂(x=3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%)上NOx转化率随着WO_3负载量增加而升高,催化剂反应温度窗口不断拓宽。单独通水蒸汽及同时通SO2和水蒸汽对催化剂的毒害作用均较强,表明H2O和NH3的竞争吸附是催化剂抗硫抗水性能较差的重要原因。SO_2与H_2O和NH_3反应生成亚硫酸铵盐和硫酸铵盐,导致催化剂孔隙堵塞,催化活性降低。     

Selective removal of H2S from coke oven gas

The catalytic performance of some metal oxides in the selective oxidation of H₂S in the stream containing water vapor and ammonia was investigated in this study. Among the catalysts tested, V₂O₅/SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ catalyst showed good conversion of H₂S with very low selectivity to undesired SO₂. Hydrogen sulfide could be recovered as harmless solid products (elemental sulfur and various ammonium salts), and distribution of solid products was varied with types of catalyst and compositions of reactant. XRD and FT-IR analysis revealed that the salt was mixture of ammonium–sulfur–oxygen compounds. It was noteworthy that V₂O₅/SiO₂ catalyst produced elemental sulfur and ammonium thiosulfate, and that elemental sulfur was principal product on Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ catalyst. Small amount of ammonium sulfate was obtained with the Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ catalyst. In order to elucidate the reaction path, the effects of O₂/H₂S ratio and concentration of NH₃ and H₂O are also studied with the V₂O₅/SiO₂ catalyst.     

低温氨-选择性催化还原氮氧化催化剂的研究进展

氮氧化物(NOx)的排放对人类健康和植物生长造成了严重危害,对其进行净化治理刻不容缓。火电厂烟气是NOx的主要来源,氨-选择性催化还原(NH₃-SCR)技术可对其排放进行有效控制。V₂O₅-WO₃(MoO₃)/TiO₂脱硝催化剂的工作温度偏高,不能满足低温宽工作温度窗口等工况的需要,因此,开发具有宽工作温度窗口的低温脱硝催化剂成为研究热点,其中,钒基、锰基金属氧化物催化剂和金属离子交换分子筛催化剂的研究最为广泛。探讨催化剂脱硝性能的关键影响因素、抗水抗硫性能以及反应机理,有助于为高效、实用的低温脱硝催化剂的设计和开发提供科学依据。从钒基金属氧化物催化剂、锰基金属氧化物催化剂、金属离子交换的分子筛催化剂、低温脱硝催化剂的抗水抗硫性能以及低温NH₃-SCR反应机理等方面对近年来国内外低温脱硝催化剂的研究进展进行综述。今后需要解决N₂选择性不够理想、抗水抗硫性能差、低温工作温度窗口较窄和反应机理不统一等问题。     

Inhibition effect of H2O on V2O5/AC catalyst for catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 at low temperature

The inhibition effect of H₂O on V₂O₅/AC catalyst for NO reduction with NH₃ is studied at temperatures up to 250 °C through TPD, elemental analyses, temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) and FT-IR analyses. The results show that H₂O does not reduce NO and NH₃ adsorption on V₂O₅/AC catalyst surface, but promotes NH₃ adsorption due to increases in Brønsted acid sites. Many kinds of NH₃ forms present on the catalyst surface, but only NH₄⁺ on Brønsted acid sites and a small portion of NH₃ on Lewis acid sites are reactive with NO at 250 °C or below, and most of the NH₃ on Lewis acid sites does not react with NO, regardless the presence of H₂O in the feed gas. H₂O inhibits the SCR reaction between the NH₃ on the Lewis acid sites and NO, and the inhibition effect increases with increasing H₂O content. The inhibition effect is reversible and H₂O does not poison the V₂O₅/AC catalyst.     

NO reduction with NH3 over chromia–vanadia catalysts supported on TiO2: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study

In situ Raman spectroscopy was used for studying the ternary 2% CrO₃–6% V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst, for which a synergistic effect between vanadia and chromia leads to enhanced catalytic performance for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃. The structural properties of this catalyst were studied under NH₃/NO/O₂/N₂/SO₂/H₂O atmospheres at temperatures up to 400 °C and major structural interactions between the surface chromia and vanadia species are observed. The effects of oxygen, ammonia, water vapor and sulfur dioxide presence on the in situ Raman spectra are presented and discussed.     

V2O5-WO3/TiO2脱硝催化剂机械强度和孔隙率的响应曲面模型

氨气选择性催化还原技术(NH₃-SCR)是目前燃煤电厂消除氮氧化物(NO_x)最有效、最成熟的方法之一,其中催化剂作为技术体系的核心,其成型技术逐渐成为研究热点。本文针对V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的成型工艺,通过响应曲面法对其机械强度和孔隙率进行研究,分别得出压制压力和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球添加量对机械强度和孔隙率的显著回归模型。发现一定的压制压力和PMMA微球的添加可以使得压制而成的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂既能保持较高的机械强度,又能维持高的孔隙率。孔径分布及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明催化剂壁上存在明显的纳米-微米多级孔。活性测试结果显示:催化剂表现出了优良的NO_x转化率及N₂选择性,满足了目前工业脱硝领域的需求。     

SO2 resistant antimony promoted V2O5/TiO2 catalyst for NH3-SCR of NOx at low temperatures

To get the low temperature sulfur resistant V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalysts quantum chemical calculation study was carried out. After selecting suitable promoters (Se, Sb, Cu, S, B, Bi, Pb and P), respective metal promoted V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunner Emmett Teller surface area (BET-SA). Se, Sb, Cu, S promoted V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalysts showed high catalytic activity for NH₃ selective catalytic reduction (NH₃-SCR) of NO_x carried at temperatures between 150 and 400 °C. The conversion efficiency followed in the order of Se > Sb > S > V₂O₅/TiO₂ > Cu but Se was excluded because of its high vapor pressure. An optimal 2 wt% ‘Sb’ loading was found over V₂O₅/TiO₂ for maximum NO_x conversion, which also showed high resistance to SO₂ in presence of water when compared to other metal promoters. In situ electrical conductivity measurement was carried out for Sb(2%)/V₂O₅/TiO₂ and compared with commercial W(10%)V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst. High electrical conductivity difference (ΔG) for Sb(2%)/V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst with temperature was observed. SO₂ deactivation experiments were carried out for Sb(2%)/V₂O₅/TiO₂ and W(10%)/V₂O₅/TiO₂ at a temperature of 230 °C for 90 h, resulted Sb(2%)/V₂O₅/TiO₂ was efficient catalyst. BET-SA, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur (CHNS) elemental analysis of spent catalysts well proved the presence of high ammonium sulfate salts over W(10%)/V₂O₅/TiO₂ than Sb(2%)/V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst.