环氧树脂/短切碳纤维复合材料性能研究

制备出了短切碳纤维增强TDE-85环氧树脂复合材料,研究了碳纤维的含量对复合材料力学性能和耐热性能的影响。结果表明,碳纤维的加入有利于复合材料力学性能和耐热性能的提高,并在碳纤维含量为0.25%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击韧性、弯曲强度和弯曲模量达到最大,分别提高了29.33%、25.31%、30.28%和68.93%。此外,对复合材料的弯曲断裂面进行了微观形貌分析,结果表明一定量的碳纤维可以较好地分散在树脂基体中,同时,碳纤维原丝和树脂基体的界面结合比较弱,主要依赖于两相之间的物理嵌合。     

玻纤增强尼龙6的挤出工艺及力学性能

采用长玻纤连续添加和短切玻纤制备了玻纤增强尼龙6(PA6)复合材料。主要考察了玻纤含量、玻纤种类以及挤出工艺条件对复合材料力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的冲击断面和拉伸断面及玻纤形态进行了观察。结果表明,采用短切玻纤加入时,玻纤含量对GF/PA6复合材料的力学性能影响很大。随玻纤含量的增加,复合材料的力学性能越来越高,断裂伸长率变低。加工工艺参数对复合材料的力学性能有影响。采用长玻纤连续添加时,玻纤的添加位置对复合材料的性能影响不大。在玻纤含量相同时,采用长玻纤连续添加得到的材料力学性能明显优于采用短切玻纤时的性能。玻纤能均匀地分散在PA6基体中,玻纤的保留长度和长度分布对复合材料的性能有直接影响。     

耐烧蚀硅橡胶复合材料的研制

以苯基硅橡胶为基体,研究了氧化锆、短切碳纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维不同填料对硅橡胶复合材料力学性能和烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,同条件下以短切碳纤维为填料的复合材料耐烧蚀性能最佳。随着短切碳纤维用量的增加,复合材料烧蚀率逐渐降低,硬度逐渐升高,拉伸强度逐渐减小,拉断伸长率逐渐降低。     

短碳纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料的制备及其疲劳性能研究

采用注射成型的方法,以短切碳纤维为增强体,聚乙烯为基体制备了碳纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料,并研究了碳纤维含量对该复合材料疲劳性能的影响,分析了短碳纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料的断裂机理。结果表明,短碳纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料的疲劳寿命随着碳纤维含量的增加而延长。     

碳纤维改性HA/PMMA生物复合材料力学性能的研究

采用原位合成与溶液共混相结合的方法,制备了短切碳纤维增强纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)生物复合材料。研究了碳纤维的含量和长度对HA/PMMA复合材料结构和力学性能的影响。采用万能材料试验机和扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的力学性能及断面的微观形貌进行了测试和表征。结果表明:碳纤维在HA/PMMA复合材料中分布均匀,有效提高了复合材料的力学性能;碳纤维含量为4%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度和弹性模量等均达到最大值;复合材料的断裂伸长率随碳纤维含量的增加而减小;当碳纤维含量一定时,随其长度的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弹性模量均增加,但断裂伸长率降低。     

单向碳纤维增强复合材料的力学性能分析(英文)

本文主要研究了单向碳纤维增强复合材料的力学性能。以聚酰胺6和环氧树脂作为基体,以经过热熔工艺的单向碳纤维预浸料以及层压预浸料毡片作为增强体,通过热压工艺制成碳纤维增强复合材料板件物。通过拉伸实验,研究0°和90°取向的碳纤维增强复合材料样品的力学性能和界面性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察试样断面。研究发现,对于0°方向排列的样品,碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和模量均高于碳纤维/聚酰胺复合材料。同时90°方向的样品也展现出与0°方向一致的结果。通过断面观察发现,碳纤维/环氧树脂展现出比碳纤维/聚酰胺6更优异的性能与断裂时断面出现更多纤维的断裂和拔出相对应。     

乒乓球拍用碳纤维板的制备与力学性能研究

采用上浆剂法对短切碳纤维进行了界面改性,并制备了乒乓球拍用短切碳纤维增强乙烯基酯树脂片状模塑料复合板,研究了短切碳纤维长度和压机压力对复合材料拉伸性能的影响,并对断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明,随着碳纤维长度的增加,复合材料的弹性模量和拉伸强度都呈现先增加而后减小的特征,在碳纤维长度为3.9mm时取得弹性模量最大值,在碳纤维长度为9.7mm时取得拉伸强度最大值。当压机压力为2MPa时,复合材料的弹性模量约为12.8GPa;随着压机压力的增加,碳纤维复合材料的弹性模量呈现逐渐增加的趋势,在压机压力为10MPa时取得最大值,约32.2GPa,但是弹性模量提升幅度相对8MPa时较小,且断口中部分碳纤维在高压力下发生了断裂而被树脂基体填充。     

短切碳纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的性能

研究了短切碳纤维用量、相容剂用量以及短切玻璃纤维/短切碳纤维二元混杂纤维对增强聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的表面形貌。结果表明:随着相容剂用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度先增加后降低,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度和弯曲模量先增加后降低,而且极大提升了树脂和纤维的界面结合力;短切玻璃纤维较短切碳纤维在复合材料中的保留长度大,与纤维的保留长度相比,纤维的体积分数对熔体流动速率的影响更大。     

原位微纤增强复合材料的结构与性能

采用熔融挤出——热拉伸——牵引拉伸制备了HDPE/PA6原位成纤增强复合材料,通过SEM分析了分散相PA6含量对其在基体中的形态及分布的影响;讨论了两种加工方式条件下分散相PA6含量对复合材料拉伸性能和冲击韧性的影响以及加工方式对复合体系力学性能的影响。结果表明：在原位成纤增强复合材料中存在直径为2～5 μm的纤维,当HDPE/PA6质量比为85/15时,微纤直径约为3 μm,此时,与普通共混复合材料相比,原位成纤增强复合材料的拉伸强度提高了6.9%,拉伸模量提高了14.8%,冲击强度提高10.03%。     

短切CF增强TPEE热塑性复合材料的注射成型及力学性能研究

以热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)为基体材料,8 mm短切碳纤维(CF)为增强材料,制备CF/TPEE复合材料。材料通过双螺杆挤出系统混合塑化、挤出造粒后,再经过注塑成型制备成标准拉伸试样,通过力学性能测试及微观结构观察,系统研究了碳纤维含量和等离子表面处理对CF/TPEE复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,当碳纤维含量为20%时,CF/TPEE复合材料的拉伸强度最大,为39.08 MPa;相比于纯TPEE,其拉伸强度提高了217%;经过等离子表面处理后,拉伸强度进一步提高了5%。结合拉伸后断面的SEM图发现,注塑试样表层碳纤维取向度高,而近中区和中心层取向度相对较低,这是注射CF/TPEE复合材料拉伸性能提高效应不明显的主要原因。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.