等离子体技术在纤维改性中的应用

本文介绍了等离子体的产生、对纤维的改性原理及处理设备。对等离子体在纤维改性中的应用效果,如亲水性、粘合性、可纺性、染色整理性能等进行了综述,指出等离子体技术具有较好的发展前景。     

聚丙烯纤维的等离子体改性研究

本文着重研究了聚丙烯纤维在等离子体中处理后的吸湿性能和染色性能的改变情况。结果表明经等离子体处理过的样品其吸湿性能和染色性能都有很大的改善。处理过的样品回潮率大约为未处理样品的120～400％,其染色性能从未处理的5级提高到1级的标准。处理后聚丙烯纤维力学性能基本没有变化。X光电子能谱分析表明吸湿性能和染色性能改变是由于经等离子体处理后丙纶表面引入含氧、含氮基团所致。     

碱-等离子体处理涤纶织物的时效性研究

将涤纶织物分别进行30,60,90℃的碱处理后再进行等离子体处理,探讨了碱预处理对等离子体处理效果的时效性的影响;测定处理后纤维的润湿、芯吸和染色等性能以及放置过程中的性能变化,并对纤维的微观形态及其表面化学成分进行了表征。结果表明:经碱-等离子体联合处理后,涤纶织物的润湿、芯吸和染色等性能的提高较经单独等离子体处理更显著,且在放置过程中织物性能的衰减较单独等离子体处理减缓;碱预处理使等离子体处理的时效性得到改善。     

低温等离子体技术在高分子材料中的应用研究进展

简要介绍了低温等离子体的定义。综述了近年来低温等离子体技术在高分子材料中应用的最新进展,重点介绍了等离子体技术在纤维织物、塑料、多孔材料、生物材料等改性中的研究进展。阐述了等离子体在材料处理中的应用效果如亲水性、拒水性、黏合性、可纺性、染色整理性能、阻燃性、抗静电性等。最后,指出低温等离子体技术目前存在的问题。     

皮革染色性能提升的方法与技术研究进展

皮革及其制品的色彩反映了人的审美诉求，往往是人们选择皮鞋、皮衣、箱包等皮革制品的首要评价特征。因此，皮革染色是制革过程中最重要的工序之一。针对传统染色方法所暴露出的染色不均匀、耐摩擦色牢度及耐水洗色牢度差等问题，该文主要介绍了提高皮革染色性能的方法与清洁的皮革染色技术。首先简要概述了皮革染色原理，然后阐述了染色前处理、添加染色助剂和改性染料3种提高皮革染色性能的方法，同时介绍了超声波技术、微波技术、超临界CO₂技术、电化学技术、等离子体技术在皮革染色中的应用，最后对皮革染色的发展趋势进行了展望。     

国内外化工简讯

应用等离子体技术开发高档面料取得突破 一项由湖北鄂东丝织股份有限公司、湖北国威 高科技有限责任公司和武汉化工学院联合开发，应 用等离子体技术对纺织品表面进行改性处理的工艺 研究新近取得突破。湖北省科委组织的专家鉴定会 指出，这项工艺的推广和应用，将对提高我国纺织 品，尤其是服装面料的质量和档次，扩大出口，增强 国际市场竞争力，促进纺织工业升级产生积极作用。应用等离子体技术对纺织品表面进行改性处理，解决了当前我国纺织工业发展面临的一些难题。有关专家指出，与传统工艺相比，应用这项技术，可以提 高化纤产品的吸…     

真空氧等离子体表面改性涤纶织物研究

采用真空氧等离子体对涤纶织物进行表面改性,探讨不同处理压强、处理时间下织物润湿性能和分散染料染色性能的变化。使用X射线光电子能谱技术研究了织物表面处理前后化学组成及元素含量的变化,利用扫描电子显微镜表征了处理后织物表面形貌的变化。结果表明:真空氧等离子体处理后的涤纶织物表面氧元素的含量从24.1%上升到40.7%,表面粗糙程度提高;同时织物的润湿性能提高,润湿时间由1680s下降到51s;等离子体处理后涤纶织物的分散染料染色性能改善,其表面深度值由12.3增加为15.6,透湿量由2941g/(m~2·d)增加为3282g/(m~2·d)。     

等离子体技术在牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物染整中的应用

采用常压空气等离子体对牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物进行表面处理,分析了等离子体处理对前处理和染色性能的影响。结果表明:等离子仪对织物处理的最佳工艺参数为:功率300W、时间1s;在最佳工艺参数条件下对牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物进行低温等离子体处理后,前处理后毛效值可达13.4cm,比常规前处理工艺的毛效值8.5cm提高了近58%;但是白度、顶破强力值稍有下降;经等离子体前处理的牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物在染色前再次进行低温等离子体处理后,染色K/S值和上染百分率均有较大幅度提高,K/S值由5.56提高到6.27,上染百分率由66%提高到73.6%。     

浅谈等离子体技术在棉织物染整加工过程中的应用

本文介绍了等离子体技术及其生成途径和分类.阐述了等离子体技术在棉织物染整加工过程中的应用状况,包括在棉织物前处理、染色及功能性整理中的应用,并对等离子体技术的发展前景提出了展望.     

碳纳米管的等离子体表面功能化及其聚合物基复合材料的研究进展

碳纳米管以其独特的结构与优异的性能成为提高聚合物基复合材料性能的重要选择,从处理方法、表征及应用等方面概述了碳纳米管的等离子体表面功能化的研究进展,特别是对近年来国内外文献报道的应用等离子体技术处理碳纳米管方法、处理效果及其应用做了比较全面的总结,并对这种技术的应用前景进行了展望.     

Modification of polyester fabrics by in situ plasma or post-plasma polymerisation of acrylic acid

In order to increase the hydrophilicities, thereby to impart soil resistance and to improve dyeability, poly(ethylene terephatalate) (polyester) fabrics were treated in low-temperature plasmas. Two alternative modifications were applied. Fabrics were directly treated in acrylic acid plasma in one investigation, while in the other they were first treated in argon plasma and then immersed in an aqueous acrylic acid bath. The plasma conditions (i.e. exposure time and discharge power) were changed to control the extent of plasma surface modification in the first approach, while the acrylic acid content and the incubation time were changed in the second procedure. The wettability, and therefore the dyeability and soil repellency, of polyester fabrics was significantly improved by both methods. The second method resulted in better dyeability and soil repellency in contrast to lower surface wettability.     

改进亚麻纤维轧染染色性能的研究

通过高温条件下尿素对亚麻纤维进行改性,提高了其轧染时的染色性能和染色深度。对改性工艺条件包括尿素溶液的浓度、高温处理温度及时间进行了详细的研究和优化。通过对改性前后对亚麻纤维进行的电子显微镜观察,探讨了改性后的亚麻纤维染色性能提高的原因,并测定了改性前后亚麻纤维力学强度的变化。     

尼龙6纤维酸性染料染色性能的研究现状及进展

从尼龙6纤维的酸性染料染色机理出发,讨论了影响纤维酸性染料染色性能的因素,包括热处理条件、pH值、温度等;并在此基础上,提出了改善尼龙6纤维酸性染料染色性能的方法,如加入匀染剂或其他助剂、引入特殊的结构基团、提高末端胺基含量、加入稳定剂、超声波处理和氧化还原处理等。     

碱处理对PTT纤维结构性能的影响

研究了碱处理对PTT纤维的结构性能及其表面形态的影响。结果表明:PTT纤维经碱处理后,表面形成明显的坑穴,结晶结构和热性能变化不大,强度有所降低,吸湿性能、染色性能有所提高。当减量率达到16.35%时,其上染率明显提高。研究结果对改善PTT纤维的染色性能及开发PTT纤维混纺或交织物同浴碱处理具有一定的意义。     

Laser scanning confocal microscope characterization of dye diffusion in nylon 6 fibers treated with atmospheric pressure plasmas

The effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on wettability and dyeability of nylon 6 fibers is investigated. The plasma treatments resulted in an average of 10°–20° decrease in the advancing contact angle and 20°–30° decrease in the receding contact angle. An increased dye diffusion rate of nylon 6 fibers was observed using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Scanning electron microscope confirmed that the fiber surfaces were roughened, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the polar groups on the fiber surfaces increased after the plasma treatments. As the plasma treatment time increased, a greater degree of etching was achieved and more polar groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups produced on the surfaces of the nylon 6 fibers, leading to a better wettability and thus a better dyeability of the fiber. This study proved that LSCM may be effectively used in detecting the change of dye diffusion rate in nylon fibers treated with plasmas and the mounting medium should have a close refractive index as the fiber to avoid distortion of the fiber cross section image. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Atmospheric continuous cold plasma treatment: Thermal and hydrodynamical diagnostics of a plasma jet pilot unit

An atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) for continuous treatment of polymeric films and textile materials was investigated to characterize its thermal, hydrodynamic and chemical features. The operative variables of the plasma jet equipment are: gas flow rate and composition, electrical power to the plasma generator and fabric velocity. A diagnostic evaluation of the equipment was carried out to improve the treatment homogeneity and generate an effective feedback for scale-up. The cross profile of gas temperature and velocity, the fabric temperature and concentration transitory in the gas system generated by a reverse step of oxygen were determined. These measurements showed that the original prototype configuration required a better gas distribution to fully demonstrate its potentiality to functionalize textiles. The surface modifications induced by plasma were detected by processing wool fabrics and by evaluating the treatment benefit on dyeing.     

Dyeability Tests for Textile Substrates

Although conventional chemical methods of analysis make a major contribution to the identification, analytical investigation and diagnosis of faults in textiles, much useful information can be gained quickly and easily by the use of dyes in simple tests which exploit the known dye-uptake or dye-resist characteristics of untreated or modified fibres and blends. This review outlines some of these possibilities, specifically referring to the identification of different fibre types, examination of degraded or damaged material, assessment of the intrinsic dyeability and degree of dye-affinity variation in synthetic filament yarns, and investigation of the type and uniformity of distribution of synthetic-resin material in finished fabrics.     

Surface modification of ultra high modulus polyethylene fibers by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet

To improve their adhesion properties, ultra high modulus polyethylene (UHMPE) fibers were treated by an atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet (APPJ), which was operated at radio frequency (13.56 MHz). The surface properties of the fibers were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement. The surface dyeability improvement after plasma treatments was investigated using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The adhesion strengths of the fibers with epoxy were evaluated by microbond tests. In addition, the influence of operational parameters of the plasma treatment including power input and treatment temperature was studied. XPS analysis showed a significant increase in the surface oxygen content. LSCM results showed that the plasma treatments greatly increased fluorescence dye concentrations on the surface and higher diffusion rate to the fiber center. The tensile strength of UHMPE fiber either remained unchanged or decreased by 10–13.6% after plasma treatment. The contact angle exhibited a characteristic increase in wettability, due to the polar groups introduced by plasma treatment. The microbond test showed that the interfacial shear strengths (IFSS) increase significantly (57–139%) after plasma treatment for all groups and the optimum activation is obtained at 100°C and 5 W power input. SEM analysis showed roughened surfaces after the plasma treatments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008