泡沫分离法除去水溶液中微量铜离子的工艺

以十二烷基苯磺酸为表面活性物质,自制的单金属离子水溶液为研究体系,对泡沫分离法除去水溶液中金属离子的工艺进行了研究,重点考察了溶液的pH、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂浓度及泡沫塔装液量的影响. 结果表明,十二烷基苯磺酸具有良好的起泡性能,对水溶液中铜离子的去除效果也比较理想,最佳操作条件下富集比为18.2,去除率为96.1%,与常规的表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠相比,十二烷基苯磺酸在泡沫分离过程结束后不会在体系中残留金属离子,这为探索脱盐新方法提供了依据.     

泡沫分离法处理结晶紫染料废水的工艺

以结晶紫模拟染料废水为研究体系,对泡沫分离法脱除结晶紫染料废水色素的工艺进行了研究,考察了以表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为捕收剂时,pH、气体流速、表面活性剂浓度、装液量对脱色效果的影响,利用正交实验确定了优化操作条件. 结果表明,当pH为11.0、气速0.018 m3/h、SDBS浓度450 mg/L、装液量500 mL时,富集比为10.3,废水中结晶紫脱色率为93.5%.     

泡沫分离法处理甲基橙染料废水工艺

为开发一种设备和工艺简单、成本低且不产生二次污染的染料废水处理方法,以甲基橙模拟染料废水为研究体系,对泡沫分离法脱除甲基橙染料废水色素的工艺进行了研究。研究了pH值、气体流速、表面活性剂质量浓度、装液量对脱色的影响,以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为捕收剂,确定的最佳操作条件为:pH值6.0,气速0.04 m3/h,CTAB质量浓度90 mg/L,装液量1 000 mL,第1次脱色富集比β为111.0,脱色率R为99.5%。然后,对破沫液进行过滤,所得的滤液可代替部分表面活性剂进行下一次脱色。当补加的表面活性剂与废水中甲基橙的摩尔比为0.89∶1时,第2次脱色率为99.4%,富集比为50。     

泡沫分离除去水溶液中微量硫酸根离子

以十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵为表面活性物质,采用泡沫分离技术对去除水溶液中微量硫酸根离子进行了研究,重点考察了溶液的pH、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂浓度及泡沫塔装液量的影响. 结果表明,十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵具有良好的起泡性能,对水溶液中硫酸根离子的去除效果比较理想,在溶液pH 10、气体流量0.036 m3/h、装液量900 mL、表面活性剂浓度0.13 g/L的条件下,溶液中的SO42-能很好分离(富集比为22.4,去除率为94.1%). 与其他阳离子表面活性剂相比,十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵在泡沫分离结束后不会在水溶液中引入新的酸根离子,为进一步探索脱盐新方法提供了依据.     

含铜和含锌稀溶液的吸附泡沫分离技术的研究

运用自制的泡沫分离塔,以十二烷基硫酸钠为表面活性剂对泡沫吸附分离含铜及含锌溶液的操作参数进行了研究。考察了料液浓度、pH值、气体流量、表面活性剂浓度等因素对含铜和含锌溶液泡沫分离效果的影响。结果表明：最佳操作参数为pH值5．0,料液浓度0．125mmol／L,进料流速50mL/min,气体流量100mL/min,表面活性剂浓度0．25mmol／L。同时从理论上推算出泡沫吸附分离铜离子的最佳pH值范围为5．0左右。实验还通过改变孔板的孔径大小以改变气泡的尺寸,特别研究了泡沫尺寸对泡沫吸附分离的影响。     

连续式泡沫分离法去除废水中Cr~(3+)的研究

采用连续式泡沫分离法分离废水中的Cr3+离子。考察了废水的pH、表面活性剂的加入量、空气流量和反应时间对Cr3+的脱除率的影响,确定最佳的操作工艺条件为混合废水pH=6.0、空气流量350 mL/min、表面活性剂质量浓度为170 mg/L、反应时间为30 min,此时Cr3+的脱除率可达95.31%,浮选塔排出的残液中Cr3+的质量浓度0.5 mg/L,完全符合排放标准。     

泡沫分离除去水溶液中微量金属离子

以十二烷基苯磺酸为表面活性物质,采用泡沫分离技术分别对脱除水溶液中微量的铁、铜、钠离子的分离过程进行了研究.重点考察了溶液的pH、表观气速、表面活性剂浓度及泡沫塔装液量对分离效果的影响.结果表明在各自最佳操作条件下铁离子(Ⅲ)的去除率为95.2%,富集比为13.6;铜离子(Ⅱ)的去除率为94.6%,富集比为16.5;钠离子去除率为73.1%,富集比为32.3.与常规的表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠相比,十二烷基苯磺酸在泡沫分离过程结束后不会在体系中引入新的金属离子,这为探索脱盐新方法提供了依据.     

泡沫分离回收水溶液中高浓度CTAB的工艺

泡沫分离技术是回收水溶液中表面活性剂的一种有效方法。然而当表面活性剂浓度接近或者超过其临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,富集比会迅速下降。因此研究了温度与椭球塔共同作用强化排液的泡沫分离回收水溶液中高浓度表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)。结果表明在温度60℃、气体流量100 mL×min~(-1)、装液量300 mL的条件下,CTAB溶液浓度为3.1 g×L~(-1)时,富集比为7.03,开发的两级泡沫分离工艺降低了残液中CTAB浓度从而增加回收率至99.8%,消泡液和残液浓度分别为21.8 g×L~(-1)和0.031 g×L~(-1)。     

泡沫分离方法回收钪

采用十二烷基聚氧乙烯琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠混合物作为表面活性剂，间歇式泡沫分离回收水溶液中的钪。讨论了料液pH值、表面活性剂浓度、鼓泡气流率、离子强度和操作时间等对分离效果的影响，得到了适宜的工艺条件。     

泡沫浮选法处理含铬废水的试验研究

本实验采用泡沫浮选技术脱除废水中的Cr^3 ，用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作表面活性剂，Fe(OH)3作絮凝剂，得到间歇操作流程适宜的操作参数为：溶液pH值为5．5左右，SDS为180mg／L，气体流量800mL/min。在此操作条件下，Cr^3 的脱除率可达97％左右。     

Study on Streptomycin Sulfate Recovery by Batch Foam Separation

The feasibility of foam separation as a technique was assessed for the recovery of streptomycin sulfate from the waste solution by using an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The experimental parameters examined were SDS concentration, superficial gas velocity, initial pH, and liquid loading volume. The results showed that sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant for foam separation had good foaming quality and could effectively concentrate streptomycin sulfate of the aqueous solution by technology of foam separation. The enrichment ratio and the recovery rate of streptomycin sulfate were 4.0 and 85%, respectively under the best operating conditions of sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration 0.4 g/L, superficial gas velocity 300 mL/min, liquid loading volume 300 mL and initial pH 6.0 when streptomycin sulfate concentration was 0.5 g/L.     

Removal of trace Cu from aqueous solution by foam fractionation

A system for removal of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solution by foam fractionation is proposed. The effects of pH, gas flow rate, surfactant concentration and froth/solution ratio on the removal rate and the enrichment ratio were studied to optimize the conditions. The results show that the removal rate increased with gas flow rate decreased, surfactant concentration increased and the froth/solution ratio increased, and was higher at pH4.0-5.0 than at other pH value. The optimum separation conditions were pH5.0, 200 mL/min of gas flow rate, 0.15 g/L of surfactant concentration and 1.1 of froth/solution ratio. Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate was 97.2% and the enrichment was 53.0.     

泡沫分离法回收水溶液中微量钼（Ⅵ）的研究

以十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTAC）为表面活性剂,采用自制的泡沫分离塔回收水溶液中的微量钼（Ⅵ）,考察了溶液pH、空气流量、表面活性剂质量浓度等对钼（Ⅵ）回收率和富集率的影响,并对该过程进行动力学分析。实验结果表明：随溶液pH增加,钼（Ⅵ）的富集率和回收率均先增加后减少;随CTAC浓度增加,钼（Ⅵ）的回收率增加而富集率减少;随空气流量增加,钼（Ⅵ）的富集率减少而回收率先增加后减少。在溶液pH为9、气体流量为 200 mL/min、表面活性剂质量浓度为0.30 g/L条件下,钼（Ⅵ）的回收率达到90%,富集倍数达到10倍。动力学分析表明,泡沫分离钼（Ⅵ）的过程是零级动力学过程,拟合方程为ρ=-0.288 8t+4.290 4,R2=0.993 8。     

Removal of mercury by foam fractionation using surfactin, a biosurfactant

The separation of mercury ions from artificially contaminated water by the foam fractionation process using a biosurfactant (surfactin) and chemical surfactants (SDS and Tween-80) was investigated in this study. Parameters such as surfactant and mercury concentration, pH, foam volume, and digestion time were varied and their effects on the efficiency of mercury removal were investigated. The recovery efficiency of mercury ions was highly sensitive to the concentration of the surfactant. The highest mercury ion recovery by surfactin was obtained using a surfactin concentration of 10 × CMC, while recovery using SDS required < 10 × CMC and Tween-80 >10 × CMC. However, the enrichment of mercury ions in the foam was superior with surfactin, the mercury enrichment value corresponding to the highest metal recovery (10.4%) by surfactin being 1.53. Dilute solutions (2-mg L(-1) Hg(2+)) resulted in better separation (36.4%), while concentrated solutions (100 mg L(-1)) enabled only a 2.3% recovery using surfactin. An increase in the digestion time of the metal solution with surfactin yielded better separation as compared with a freshly-prepared solution, and an increase in the airflow rate increased bubble production, resulting in higher metal recovery but low enrichment. Basic solutions yielded higher mercury separation as compared with acidic solutions due to the precipitation of surfactin under acidic conditions.     

Purification and Concentration of the Total Saikosaponins Extracted from Radix Bupleuri using Foam Fractionation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of foam fractionation to recover saikosaponins. First, the solvent extraction method was applied for the extraction of saikosaponins from radix bupleuri using ethanol or deionized water. Then, the foam fractionation technique in batch mode was used for the recovery of the total saikosaponins from the extract. The effects of initial concentration, air flow rate, liquid loading volume, pH, and operating time on the process performance were investigated. The recovery percentage 77.2% and an enrichment ratio 3.68 of total saikosaponins with one-stage separation were obtained under the optimal conditions of initial saikosaponin concentration 0.18 mg/mL, air flow rate 50 mL/min, liquid loading volume 200 mL, pH 5.5, and operating time of 2 h. A two-stage foam fractionation technology was also designed, which was effective for improving both the recovery percentage and enrichment ratio simultaneously.     

泡沫分离法提取乙醇水体系中甲基橙

采用泡沫分离法对含甲基橙的乙醇水溶液进行了提取研究. 考察了乙醇体积分数、气体流量、pH、甲基橙浓度和表面活性剂浓度对提取效果的影响,并对泡沫分离乙醇-水体系中提取中药有效成分的可行性进行了探讨. 结果表明,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,在乙醇体积分数25%的乙醇-水体系中,在pH 6.0、气速80 mL/min、甲基橙浓度35 mg/L及CTAB浓度80 mg/L的操作条件下,甲基橙的富集比为14.38,回收率在98.5%以上. 在一定范围内提高表面活性剂浓度或加入稳泡剂以削弱乙醇的消泡作用,从而将泡沫分离技术应用于乙醇-水体系中中药有效成分的提取是可能的.     

温度对高浓度SDS水溶液泡沫稳定性及分离的影响

高浓度表面活性物质的分离是泡沫分离过程的难题,也是制约泡沫分离技术应用于工业化生产的瓶颈.为了解决高浓度表面活性物质泡沫分离的难题,以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)水溶液为体系,研究了在其临界胶束浓度(CMC)附近时,温度对SDS水溶液气泡直径、泡沫稳定性、富集比及回收率的影响.结果表明:温度对高浓度表面活性物质的泡沫分离有显著影响.当SDS水溶液浓度分别为1.2、2.3、3.5g·L-1,温度从30℃升高到70℃时,泡沫稳定性先增大后减小,在pH 6.9、表观气速2.4×10-3 m·s-1、装液量200 mL的操作条件下,气泡直径先减小后增大,富集比提高了3～5倍,回收率降低了34％～65％.     

Study on Technology of Simultaneous Removal of Copper Ion and Crystal Violet in Aqueous Solution by Foam Separation

A system for the removal of Cu²⁺ and crystal violet from aqueous solution by foam separation was used. The goal of this work was to explore a method for simultaneous desalination and decolorization by foam separation. In the aqueous solution of this work, Cu²⁺ was used for studying desalination and crystal violet was used for studying decolorization, respectively, and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) (C₁₈H₂₉SO₃H) was used as a surfactant. The effect of surfactant concentration, pH, superficial velocity, and foam height on the removal percentage and the enrichment ratio were studied to optimize the conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the removal percentage of Cu²⁺ and crystal violet were 96.5% and 96.3%, respectively, and the enrichment ratio of Cu²⁺ and crystal violet were 3.7 and 3.6, respectively.