高密度聚乙烯/铅硼复合材料屏蔽性能和力学性能研究

研究了高密度聚乙烯/铅硼复合材料的屏蔽性能和力学性能，通过屏蔽仿真比较了密度及碳化硼（B4C）含量对屏蔽性能的影响，通过试验比较了B4C含量对屏蔽性能、弯曲强度及冲击强度的影响。仿真结果表明,随聚乙烯/铅硼复合材料密度升高，快中子屏蔽性能下降，热中子屏蔽性能和γ屏蔽性能提高；保持聚乙烯/铅硼复合材料密度不变，随B4C含量的提高，中子屏蔽性能提高而γ屏蔽性能下降;实验数据表明,随B4C含量的升高，高密度聚乙烯/铅硼材料的快中子屏蔽性能、热中子屏蔽性能升高，γ屏蔽系数下降，冲击强度和弯曲强度下降明显，屏蔽性能测试结果和仿真结果规律性相符；综合仿真结果和实验数据表明，含B4C 2 %左右的高密度聚乙烯/铅硼复合材料同时具有较好的屏蔽性能和力学性能。     

功能化碳纳米管/环氧树脂多孔复合材料制备及电磁屏蔽性能

以马来酸酐（MA）为功能性单体,通过自由基反应制备了马来酸酐功能化的多壁碳纳米管（MA-MWCNT）;以MA-MWCNT、环氧树脂、蓖麻油酸改性的四乙烯五胺固化剂、釉粉、水为原料,通过悬浮乳液聚合法制备了功能化碳纳米管/环氧树脂多孔复合材料。采用拉曼光谱、X射线衍射、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱对功能化的碳纳米管进行了表征和测试。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、表面电阻测量仪、矢量网络分析仪对复合材料的表面形貌、电导率和电磁屏蔽性能进行了测试。结果表明：马来酸酐功能化单体的引入能够很好地改善碳纳米管的分散性能及材料的电磁屏蔽性能;随着碳纳米管含量的增多,复合材料的电导率增大,电磁屏蔽效能峰值增大,材料的电磁屏蔽性能增强;加入功能化的碳纳米管比加入未功能化碳纳米管的电磁屏蔽性能高,多孔复合材料比无孔复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能高。当加入功能化的碳纳米管的量为3%时,制备得到的多孔材料电磁屏蔽性能最佳,其电磁屏蔽性能峰值达到31.1dB。     

CNT基木塑复合材料的力学性能、电磁屏蔽性能

采用碳纤维(CF)和碳纳米管(CNT)通过模压工艺制备出具有电磁屏蔽功能的丙烯酸酯木塑复合材料。借助材料试验机、动态热机械分析仪、微欧计和电磁屏蔽测量仪等详细研究CNT质量分数对丙烯酸酯木塑复合材料弯曲性能、动态力学性能、电阻率和电磁屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明,添加质量分数为2%的CNT,使得复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量分别增加了10%和16%。复合材料的储能模量也在CNT质量分数为2%时达到最大值,之后储能模量随着CNT的增加而逐渐下降,损耗因子在CNT质量分数多于2%时也逐渐增加。复合材料的吸水率和导电性能随着CNT含量的增加而增加。同时复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能也随着CNT含量增加而递增。在30~1 500 MHz范围内,电磁屏蔽效能从27 d B增加到40 d B。结果证明,当CNT质量分数在2%时,丙烯酸酯木塑复合材料具有较佳的力学性能和较好的电磁屏蔽效能(30 d B),能满足商业要求。     

EVA/聚酰胺弹性体微孔发泡材料的制备与性能表征

选用乙烯?醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）与市面上制备工艺最成熟的聚酰胺12弹性体（PEBAX）共混挤出,制得EVA/PEBAX复合材料,再使用模压成型工艺将其进行化学发泡,制备出新型的EVA/PEBAX微孔发泡材料。结果表明,EVA/PEBAX复合材料可成功进行化学发泡,相比于传统EVA发泡材料,其性能有所提升,当PEBAX含量为5 %（质量分数,下同）、发泡剂含量为1 %时,性能最优;该聚酰胺弹性体基发泡材料不仅性能更优,同时还兼具了成本低的优势,具有替代传统EVA发泡鞋材的前景。     

铁粉/聚丙烯复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能

研究铁粉含量、粒度及偶联剂对铁粉/PP复合材料导电性和电磁屏蔽性能的影响.结果表明:铁粉/PP复合材料的体积电阻率随铁粉质量含量的增加而降低,在20%时出现渗滤值,当铁粉质量含量超过30%之后,继续增大铁粉含量复合材料的体积电阻率和屏蔽效能变化不明显.铁粉含量一定时,随着铁粉目数增大,复合材料的屏蔽效能有所提高;在100MHz～1 GHz低频区域,复合材料最大电磁屏蔽效能达到了40dB.钛酸酯偶联剂为铁粉质量的4%时,能很好地改善铁粉/PP材料的导电性和屏蔽性能.     

ABS汽车防撞护栏材料的研制及应用

用正交实验设计和挤出-注射成型方法制备了纳米CaCO3、钛酸钾晶须、丁腈橡胶改性(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)复合材料,并以缺口冲击强度和弯曲弹性模量为主要指标,通过对正交实验结果的极差和方差分析得到了最佳配方,最后以其为基础制备了防撞护栏材料。结果表明,用挤出-注射成型方法制备ABS复合材料是可行的,正交实验设计、极差和方差分析方法能够有效应用于复合材料的配方优化,其最优方案为A3B3C2D4,所制备ABS复合材料的缺口冲击强度、弯曲弹性模量、弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别比纯ABS提高了39.8%、176%、79.3%和20.1%。     

c—SiC—B4C复合材料的制备及其抗氧化性能研究

以生石油焦为炭质原料,向其中掺入定量SiC、B4CN瓷相,以改质煤焦油沥青作为粘结剂,通过模压制备出C—SiC—B4C复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、DTA—TG、EDS等分析方法研究了SiC、B4CNJ瓷相对C—SiC—B4C复合材料结构和性能的影响。研究表明,C—SiC—B4C复合材料的高温抗氧化性与氧化温度、各陶瓷相含量、本身气孔率等有关。掺入的Sic、B4C能够在一定程度上降低炭材料的气孔率,同时,高温条件下陶瓷相形成硼硅酸玻璃覆盖炭基体表面,减少材料表面活性区域数量,提高炭材料的表观活化能。     

具有隔离结构的聚苯硫醚/石墨烯纳米片 复合材料的制备及电磁屏蔽性能研究

导电填料石墨烯纳米片（GNPs）通过高速混合包覆于聚苯硫醚（PPS）树脂基体颗粒表面,再通过热压成型制备出具有完善隔离结构的PPS/GNPs复合材料。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电导率测试、电磁屏蔽性能测试对复合材料导电网络形貌、电性能和电磁屏蔽性能进行表征。结果表明,复合材料具有完善的隔离结构导电网络;隔离结构复合材料具备优异的电导率和电磁屏蔽效能（EMI SE）,当GNPs含量为3.0 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的电导率和EMI SE分别为25.6 S/m和41.0 dB。     

G-MWNT/Fe/ABS屏蔽材料的性能和机理研究

采用熔融共混法制备G-MWNT(石墨化碳纳米管)/Fe/ABS新型屏蔽复合材料,研究材料的综合性能及其机理,初步探讨了该材料微观结构与性能之间的关系.G-MWNT质量分数为35%～40%,对复合材料的抗拉强度、拉伸模量、硬度能起到最大增强效果.而随着G-MWNT含量的增加,复合材料的屏蔽效能明显增强,在50 k～1.5 GHz均有良好的屏蔽性能.此外纳米铁粉能显著增强和改善碳纳米管的电磁屏蔽性能.     

铁镍合金箔在碳纤维复合材料中的应用

简述了碳纤维和铁镍合金箔的电磁屏蔽性能,通过理论分析,确定了铁镍合金箔为碳纤维复合材料薄壁圆管的电磁屏蔽材料;分析对比了4件薄壁圆管的试验结果,结果表明:铁镍合金箔作为一种电磁屏蔽材料,即能有效屏蔽低频电磁波,又能增强复合材料薄壁圆管的密封性能。     

Vermicular Ni@RL-CS: Preparation,characterization and its applications in electromagnetic shielding

One-dimensional conductive materials are of great significance to the construction of conductive network in the polymer matrix due to their large aspect ratio. In this work, a nickel-plated rod-like calcium silicate composite (Ni@RL-CS) with unique vermicular structure was successfully fabricated by an electroless plating method. The structure and property of as-prepared Ni@RL-CS were characterized, and its electromagnetic shielding ability was evaluated through mixing with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Results indicate that the Ni@RL-CS shows good electrical conductivity, magnetic property and strong dielectric loss ability. The Ni@RL-CS with a one-dimensional vermicular structure is easier to construct a continuous conductive network in TPU matrix, which greatly improves the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the TPU resin. TPU/Ni@RL-CS binary composite with 20 vol% Ni@RL-CS achieves ultrahigh specific EMI SE/thickness of 92.6 dB/mm in the frequency of X-band. By further hybridizing Ni@RL-CS with GNPs, the TPU/Ni@RL-CS/GNPs trinary composite exhibits excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. When the contents of Ni@RL-CS and GNPs are 10 vol% and 1.5 vol%, respectively, the specific EMI SE/thickness of the corresponding trinary composite reaches 74.6 dB/mm in the X-band owe to the dense conductive network, which is 56.5% higher than that of the binary TPU/Ni@RL-CS composite with the same content of 10 vol% Ni@RL-CS.. The synergistic effects of dielectric loss, magnetic loss, and the interfacial polarization loss are the main shielding mechanism. This work provides a strategy to prepare a functional filler based on an insulating inorganic material for electromagnetic shielding. The as-prepared Ni@RL-CS with the unique vermicular structure and outstanding electromagnetic shielding performance can serves as a functional filler to modify polymers for electromagnetic shielding applications.     

KH560@ZnO掺杂淀粉复合材料及抑菌特性

水热法制备纳米ZnO，通过熔融共混方式掺杂入淀粉基底，获得纳米ZnO淀粉复合材料，研究复合材料组成状况、微观形貌，分子构造、光电特性及相应作用规律，同时初步探索复合材料抑制大肠杆菌的效果。结果表明，纳米ZnO粉体形貌均一，具有较高的结晶度，平均粒径约85nm，KH560接枝改性纳米ZnO，接枝率5.26%~5.86%。进一步将改性纳米ZnO与淀粉基底键合连接，复合材料基本维持晶型构造，KH560对纳米ZnO的修饰提高了掺杂材料在淀粉基底的分散程度及稳定性。随着纳米ZnO含量的增加，复合材料光致发光强度、紫外屏蔽性能和抑制大肠杆菌的能力随之增大，但透光率呈下降趋势。纳米ZnO掺杂量10%时，复合材料对大肠杆菌的抑菌率约95%。     

Effect of microstructure induced by microcellular injection molding on electromagnetic interference shielding properties

Preparing lightweight and versatile products is the unremitting goal of industry to save resources and energy. Lightweight carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene (CF/PP) composite foams with high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials were fabricated by microcellular injection molding (MIM) technology. The average length and distribution of CF in CF/PP composite foams were examined. Thanks to the introduction of foaming process, the average CF length of composite foams was 33.98% longer than that of solids, which effectively enhanced the electrical conductivity and EMI shielding properties. The effect of shot size, gas content, and injection rate on the electrical conductivity and EMI properties was investigated. With melt shot size of 2/3 of the cavity volume, gas content of 0.5 wt% N₂ and injection rate of 100 mm/s, optimal cellular structure of the composite material was obtained. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) reaches 36.94 dB, which is the highest value achieved by using MIM technology to the best of the authors' knowledge. In addition, the mechanical properties of cellular structure can still maintain good values, with the tensile strength and impact strength improved by 15.3% and 14.03%, respectively.     

RGO/ANFs复合气凝胶的制备及电磁屏蔽性能

本研究通过化学水热还原法制备RGO，并将其引入到化学劈裂法制备的ANF基体中，进而采用冷冻干燥法制备了可压缩回弹、高效电磁屏蔽性能的RGO/ANFs复合气凝胶，系统研究了不同RGO添加量对RGO/ANFs复合气凝胶的微观形貌、导电性能、力学性能和电磁屏蔽性能的影响。研究表明：当RGO添加量为20 wt.%时，复合气凝胶电导率达到15.84 S/cm，电磁屏蔽效能高达22 dB， 30%压缩应变时，压缩应力可达21 kPa。气凝胶自身的多孔结构与RGO良好的导电性能共同赋予了复合气凝胶优异的电磁屏蔽性能，这种兼具电磁屏蔽性能与力学性能的复合气凝胶有望应用于通信、微电子和航空航天等领域。     

Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of hybrid multifunctional Fe3O4/carbon nanofiber composite

Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of multifunctional Fe₃O₄/carbon nanofiber composites in the X-band region (8.2–12.4 GHz) is studied. Here, we examine the contributing effects of various parameters such as Fe₃O₄ content, carbonization temperature and thickness on total shielding efficiency (SE_total) of different samples. The maximum EMI SE of 67.9 dB is obtained for composite of 5 wt.% Fe₃O₄ (0.7 mm thick) with the dominant shielding by absorption (SE_A) of electromagnetic radiation. The enhanced electromagnetic shielding performance of Fe₃O₄/carbon nanofiber composites is attributed to the increment of both magnetic and dielectric losses due to the incorporation of magnetite nanofiller (Fe₃O₄) in electrically conducting carbon nanofiber matrix as well as the specific nanofibrous structure of carbon nanofiber mats, which forms a higher aspect ratio structure with randomly aligned nanofibers. Furthermore, we prove that the addition of elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a coating for carbon nanofiber composite strengthens the composite structure without interfering with its electromagnetic shielding efficiency.     

聚丙烯/碳化硼共混体系的流变性能

在成纤聚合物中混入不同的无机物粉末,可研制一系列具有特殊性能的新型纤维。本文采用转矩流变仪和毛细管流变仪相结合的方法对碳化硼含量为5～35%（重量比）的聚丙烯/碳化硼共混体系的流变性能进行了研究,并对实验结果进行了处理,得出了有价值的结论,为研制防中子辐射纤维提供了实验依据。     

Flexible Low-Melting Point Radiation Shielding Materials: Soft Elastomers with GaInSnPbBi High-Entropy Alloy Inclusions

A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix soft elastic composite material with low-melting-point GaInSnPbBi high-entropy alloy (LHEA) inclusions is prepared to evaluate its radiation shielding performance. The LHEA is composed of two different three-component eutectic microstructures, which are grown in a mixed manner to form a complex eutectic structure. The inclusions have excellent mechanical properties that matched the deformation of the PDMS matrix. To evaluate the interaction of the shielding material with photons, the Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended and XCOM codes are used to determine the shielding parameters of the LHEA/PDMS composites, such as mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, tenth value layer, mean free path, and effective atomic number. The composite with 50-vol% LHEA has the best radiation shielding properties, validated by medical X-ray imaging experiments. The excellent shielding properties of the flexible lightweight composites are attributed to the higher mass attenuation coefficient of the LHEA inclusions than that of lead.     

Strong and Flexible Carbon Fiber Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites for High‐Performance EMI Shielding Applications

Electromagnetic shielding materials play a significant role in solving the increasing environmental problem of electromagnetic pollutions. The commonly used metal‐based electromagnetic materials suffer from high density, poor corrosion resistance, and high processing cost. Polymer composites exhibit unique combined properties of lightweight, good shock absorption, and corrosion resistance. In this study, a novel high angle sensitive composite is fabricated by combining carbon fiber (CF) fabric with thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU). The effect of stacking angle of CF fabric on EMI shielding performance of composite is studied. When the stacking angle of CF fabric changed, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of CF fabric/TPU composite can reach a maximum of 73 dB, and the tensile strength can reach 168 MPa. In addition, the composite has anisotropic conductivity, which is conductive along the plane direction and nonconductive along the thickness direction. Moreover, the CF fabric/TPU composite manifests exceptional EMI‐SE/density/thickness value of 383 dB cm² g^?1, which is higher than most of current EMI shielding composites reported in literature. In summary, CF fabric/TPU composite is an excellent EMI shielding material that is lightweight, highly flexible, and mechanically robust, which can be applied to the field of aerospace and some intelligent electronic devices.     

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of 3D porous microspherical LiFePO4/graphene aerogel composite for lithium-ion batteries

Three-dimensional (3D) porous LiFePO₄/graphene aerogel (LFP/GA) composite was successfully prepared by an in-situ hydrothermal process. In this composite, the LiFePO₄ microspheres assembled by nanoparticles were embedded in a three-dimensional framework intertwined with the graphene sheets, which acts as a bridge for transfer of electron and diffusion of lithium ion. The large specific surface of the composite structure enables the increased infiltration area and utilization of the active material. The content of the graphene sheet is analyzed and is found important for the Li-storage characteristics of LiFePO₄. An aerogel composite with 10% of graphene displays the best electrochemical performance, with the specific discharge capacities of 168 mAh g⁻¹ and 155 mAh g⁻¹ at respectively 0.1C and 1C, and the capacity retains 96.3% for up to 800 cycles. This novel 3D porous aerogel composite is identified as a promising cathode material for the rechargeable Li battery, and the simple strategy may be applied to construct other high performing composite structure and materials.