城市污泥与造纸黑液制备生物质煤浆的试验研究

城市污泥是污水处理的副产品,具有高含水率、高灰分、高挥发分、低热值、性质不稳定的特点;而造纸黑液则是造纸厂排出的污染物,如不经适当处理,将严重污染环境。运用水煤浆新技术,将城市污泥、造纸黑液与煤混合制备的水煤浆进行研究,结果表明,生物质煤浆既处理了难以有效利用的城市污泥,又解决了造纸黑液的污染问题,具有显著的经济效益、环保效益和社会效益。     

造纸污泥活性生物质炭的制备及表征

以造纸污泥为原料,采用热解法制备生物炭,并对所制的生物炭进行活化改性,以水相中Pb(II)为吸附目标,确定了最佳制备条件,并对制备的活性生物质炭进行了结构表征。研究结果表明:利用造纸污泥制取生物质炭是可行的,活化改性后其对水相Pb(II)的吸附容量大大增加,最佳的制备条件为选用3 mol·L-1的硫酸在550℃下活化30 min,最大吸附容量为533 mg·g-1;活化后生物炭其表面增加了-OH、-COOH、-NH2基团,制备的活性生物炭的比表面积为159 m2·g-1,平均孔径为20?。本研究为造纸污泥的应用提供一种新的方向。     

木质纤维-氨基树脂模塑料的制备与性能研究(摘要)

以生物质资源——农林废弃物(玉米秸秆酶解副产物、麦秆、竹粉、造纸竹污泥)和纸浆为原料,采用纤维表面处理技术提高秸秆中纤维素含量、改善纤维素表面性能,通过逐步缩合聚合和共缩聚手段,制得农作物秸秆木质纤维-氨基树脂模塑料,并对材料的流动性能、力学性能、模塑收缩率等进行了研究。考察了木质纤维原料-农林废弃物资源(玉米秸秆酶解副产物、麦秆、竹粉、造纸竹污泥)、固化剂和增塑剂对氨基树脂模塑料的影响,以期为利用生物质资源制备性能优良的高分子材料提供新的途径。     

造纸污泥基础特性及其在复合材料中的应用

以造纸污泥的基础理化特性和资源化利用为研究对象,利用扫描电镜能谱仪(SEM-EDS)对污泥的微观形态和元素组成进行了分析,探讨了造纸污泥含量对木塑复合材料力学性能及吸水性能的影响。结果表明:造纸次级污泥pH值为中性,污泥中84.49%的纤维长度在250μm以下;造纸污泥可以替代部分纤维,用以增强木塑复合材料的性能,随着造纸污泥含量的增加,造纸污泥/木纤维/HDPE复合材料的冲击性能、吸水性能得到显著改善,但弯曲性能下降。当造纸污泥含量为30%时,复合材料的冲击强度为8.54 kJ/m~2,与未添加造纸污泥相比,提高了36.64%。     

污泥掺混制备生物质燃料技术现状与发展前景

为了减轻市政污泥对环境的污染,实现污泥的资源化利用,阐述了国内外污泥处置的现状,介绍了污泥与煤掺混制备污泥水煤浆、与煤(半焦)掺混制备成型燃料以及与植物秸秆掺混造粒制备燃料制备生物质燃料的研究现状。结果表明,污泥制备生物质燃料可以充分利用污泥中有效热值,既可以代替少量煤炭,还为污泥合理利用提供有效的技术途径。分析了污泥制备生物质燃料还存在规模小、能耗高、工艺复杂以及燃料热值低等问题,同时针对这些问题提出了应加强污泥深度改性制备高浓度燃料水煤浆、污泥与燃料秸秆造粒及污泥与煤(半焦)制备成型燃料所用高效黏结剂的开发、污泥在成型前的脱水干燥、成型燃料的防水处理以及污泥制备生物质燃料的工业化等方面的研究,以加速污泥制备生物质燃料的工业化应用。     

利用水泥回转窑焚烧处理污泥过程中污泥挥发性有机物成分的分析研究

利用水泥回转窑焚烧处理污泥可以很好的解决污泥处理难的问题,但污泥在干化及焚烧过程中会产生大量的有机污染物(POPs),对环境均会带来较大的影响。本文采用气质联用仪(GC/MS)对不同温度下的造纸污泥、市政污泥加热驱赶出的各种有机物进行了对比分析,为造纸污泥和市政污泥后续热处理和资源化利用过程的控制提供参考依据。     

造纸废水污泥处理技术及资源化利用研究

造纸废水污泥是一种富含纤维素、半纤维素、多种有机物的固体物质,其有效处理是解决造纸污泥资源化利用和环境保护的首要问题。本文概述了国内外造纸废水污泥处理技术的发展现状和研发成果。介绍了造纸污泥在多个领域的资源化利用。     

某公司废纸造纸废水处理污泥焚烧回收热值可行性研究

废纸造纸废水处理产生的污泥利用焚烧处理方式,既可以实现废物资源化和再生资源回收利用,达到清洁生产的目的,又可以为企业提供了大量的热能。通过分析项目造纸废水处理污泥的性质,以及污泥处置工程的原料、燃料消耗情况及热平衡情况,得出本公司废水处理污泥通过焚烧可以回收热值。     

生物质施胶剂的研究进展

采用生物质资源制备造纸施胶剂在合理利用资源,降低成本,保护环境方面有很大优势。造纸行业中常用的生物质类施胶剂有改性松香类、淀粉及改性淀粉类、动物胶等,该文着重介绍4种生物质施胶剂,并进一步阐述了其在造纸工业中的应用情况。     

非金属矿加工专利文摘(国内)

轻质污泥和固体废弃物烧结砖及其制备方法（CN101284725）其原料包括沼气污泥、膨润土、垃圾中的矿物质物料以及生物质物料，各种原料相对质量比为：沼气污泥30～40份，膨润土60～80份，垃圾中的矿物质物料30～40份，生物质物料30～60份，经过备料、配料和搅拌、陈化、压制成型、烧结和冷却形成本发明的产品。蒙脱石在造纸工艺中抑菌防腐的应用（CN101285288）按每吨纸采用0．5～20kg纯度为95％的蒙脱石计，将蒙脱石直接加入到造纸系统。     

Oxi-Bioremediation of Hazardous Biosludge from Integrated Pulp and Paper Mill

The present study establishes the feasibility of decomposition of hazardous biosludge from an integrated pulp and paper mill with ozone and subsequent biodegradation of disintegrated biomass in the activated sludge process (ASP). The 16.0 ± 0.5% solubization of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids and 22.6 ± 2.3% dechlorination of AOX compounds of biosludge were observed at an ozone dosage of 43–47 mg O₃/g dry solid. More than 90% PCDD and PCDF compounds were degraded. The recycling of disintegrated sludge to ASP did not affect the performance of the process in terms of reduction in total organic carbon, CODs, color and AOX. The proliferation of filamentous organisms was controlled by ozone treatment of sludge. The biomass yield was only 0.06 g with ozone treatment, whereas the same was 0.31 g/g of CODs removal in control reactor.     

市政污泥资源化处理工程实例

结合某市的市政污泥资源化处理项目,介绍市政污泥高温热水解、厌氧消化、脱水和余热干化的工艺流程和主要装置;介绍了项目工艺方案、工艺参数和技术特点,以及该项目的污泥资源化处理效果;同时介绍了处理后的市政污泥制造生物质燃料和生物炭土的资源化利用方案。     

Preparation of activated carbon from paper mill sludge by KOH-activation

The purpose of this study is the preparation of activated carbon using paper mill sludge collected from biological wastewater treatment plant. The char produced from pyrolysis of paper mill sludge was chemically activated with potassium hydroxide. A systematic investigation of the effect of activation agent ratio, activation temperature and time on the properties of the char was carried out in a rotary kiln reactor. The chemically activated carbons were characterized by measuring iodine and methylene blue number and specific surface area. The activated carbon prepared from char of paper mill sludge in this study had maximum iodine and methylene blue number of 726.0 mg/g and 152.0 mg/g, and specific surface area of 1,002.0 m²/g, respectively. The result of estimation on adsorption capacities of metals, the Freundlich isotherms, yields a fairly good fit to the adsorption data, indicating a monolayer adsorption of metals onto activated carbon prepared from char of paper mill sludge using a potassium hydroxide as the activating agents.     

A new pulverized biomass utilization technology

Pulverized wood biomass utilization technologies, such as gasification and liquefaction, were discussed. Firstly, pulverization technique of wood biomass by a vibration mill was introduced, and pulverized wood biomass characteristics were evaluated. The wood powder pulverized by the vibration mill had a round shape, and the wood fibers were completely broken. Therefore, the diameter of wood powder was fine and the crystallinity of cellulose was very low. By using this pulverized wood biomass, high temperature gasification experiment and liquefaction experiment were conducted. Gasification experiment was conducted in an entrained down flow gasifire. Since fine wood powder had a high reactivity, the gasification experiment showed the high gasification performance without a tar generation. Liquefaction experiment of wood biomass was conducted in a hot compressed water to produce saccharine. Pulverized wood biomass was also used as a raw material in the liquefaction experiment. By using very fine wood powder, productivity of saccharine increased dramatically.     

Recovery of residual oil from the centrifuge sludge of a palm oil mill: Effect of enzyme digestion and surfactant treatment

Residual oil recovery from the centrifuge sludge of a palm oil mill was investigated by treating with enzyme (Celluclast) followed by washing the digested substrate with surfactant. The optimal conditions for enzyme digestion with respect to pH, temperature, reaction time, concentrations of enzyme and surfactant were evaluated. The possible role of the surfactant in the oil recovery process is discussed. The chemical composition and physical properties of the sludge before and after treatment were determined and its significance in the subsequent effluent treatment/utilization of the sludge is discussed. Part of this work was presented at the American Chemical Society’s 63rd Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, Seattle, Washington, June 18–20, 1989.     

制革污泥的资源化利用研究进展

制革污泥的资源化利用已日益引起人们的重视,系统综述了制革污泥资源化技术的研究现状和趋势,认为制革污泥的资源化利用是制革污泥处置与利用的有效途径。     

电石渣首次在新型干磨干烧生产线的成功应用

安徽皖维高新材料股份有限公司为处理排放的18万t／a工业废渣(其中湿排电石渣为7．5万t/a)，决定新建1条1000t/d水泥熟料生产线。在充分分析利用湿排电石渣生产水泥熟料的现状和对电石渣脱水性能的试验研究基础上，采用了温排电石渣的机械脱水处理→配料后用立磨烘干粉磨→采用窑外分解技术进行熟料煅烧的新型干磨干烧工艺，生产出优质高标号水泥。该工程实践的成功，填补了国内在这一领域内的一项空白。     

多次纤维造纸废水生物处理工业应用新技术

在工厂现场完成了多次纤维造纸废水生物处理工业应用新技术试验 ,对活性污泥特性进行了详细研究 ,获得了废水有机污染物降解的动力学方程。结果表明 :本技术的特征是计算机自控间歇生物处理 ,攻克了普通活性污泥法常见的污泥膨胀难题 ,降低了污泥发生量 ,减轻了二次污染 ,出水达到了环保局标准。     

Drying of Activated Sludge Under Partial Vacuum Conditions—An Experimental Study

A typical wastewater treatment system in a pulp and paper mill in Finland treats wastewater both mechanically and biologically. Sludges resulting from these processes have to be disposed of. One possible way of doing this is to incinerate them with solid fuel in the power plant of the mill. To minimize the amount of sludge and to make the use of the sludge energy efficient, it has to be dried before incineration. Mechanical drying of the sludge from biological wastewater treatment is difficult to carry out. Using secondary energies may provide a competitive way of arranging drying: a method of doing this by using partial vacuum evaporation to utilize the low temperature secondary heat in sludge drying is under development. A laboratory study to examine the behavior of activated sludge under partial vacuum evaporation conditions was carried out using a laboratory rotating evaporator to analyze the drying of activated sludge from three mills at 40-80°C boiling temperatures. This article presents the results from the tests. These are promising; it was possible to reach high dry solids content. Also, no boiling point temperature rise was detected, fouling of the evaporator seemed low and easily avoidable, condensate from the evaporator weas relatively clean and returnable to the processes of the mill.     

Technoeconomic analysis of continuous biodrying process in conjunction with gasification process at pulp and paper mills

In the biorefinery context, thermochemical processes have attracted a significant attention in recent years. Such processes generally consist of three main steps: pretreatment, thermochemical treatment, and post-treatment. In these developing processes, drying and feeding of biomass feedstock remain a significant and costly challenge. The moisture content of biomass feedstock must be decreased to an economic level at pretreatment step otherwise it has to have a detrimental effect on the process efficiency and quality of products. This work addresses the drying of biomass feedstock using novel but practical technology, called biodrying. It is a green technology that offers an opportunity for biomass drying without using an external heat source or fossil fuels, since drying energy is generated through exothermic microbial activity in the biomass that enhances the drying rate. This paper focuses on technoeconomic assessment of continuous biodrying technology integrated to gasification-based biorefinery and investigates the conditions that make such novel technology viable in conjunction with gasification process. Fixed capital investment and operating cost of different biodrying scenarios were estimated as M$4.3–21 and M$0.85/y–3.6/y, respectively, and potential benefits (sludge landfilling cost, energy savings, and carbon credit) from integration of the continuous biodrying system in gasification process implemented in pulp and paper mill were calculated, and ultimately economic performances of the scenarios were assessed. Furthermore, the viable biodrying conditions were specified as 4-day residence time and the major viability risk was found to be bound moisture of biomass.