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采用丙烯腈、氨化试剂A、丙烯酸甲酯为聚合单体,以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,在溶剂二甲基亚砜中合成了聚丙烯腈原丝纺丝液,经干喷湿纺法纺丝制得聚丙烯腈原丝,经预氧化和炭化得到了T700级高性能聚丙烯腈基碳纤维。采用扫描电子显微镜,差示扫描量热仪,电子万能材料试验机对纤维的性能进行了研究。研究了空气层距离、喷丝头长径比、凝固浴浓度、空气拉伸比对干喷湿纺法制备纤维性能的影响。在空气层距离为40mm、凝固浴浓度为70%、喷丝头长径比为10.0、空气拉伸比为1.8条件下,采用干喷湿纺法制得的T700级聚丙烯腈基原丝及碳纤维的表面光滑、无沟槽,截面形貌为圆形;原丝的拉伸强度可达8.7cN/dtex,拉伸弹性模量可达154.7cN/dtex,碳纤维的拉伸强度可达5 750MPa,拉伸弹性模量可达220GPa。 相似文献
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采用广角X射线衍射方法对不同成形工艺的PAN原丝与碳纤维晶体结构和性能的关联性进行了实验和分析。研究表明:PAN原丝的晶体结构与凝固浴成形和纺丝牵伸工艺有直接关联性,由干喷湿纺成形和高倍纺丝牵伸制备的原丝具有晶粒尺寸较大、晶面间距较小和结晶度较高的特点。干喷湿纺成形工艺制备的原丝在碳化过程中石墨晶体的生长速率大于湿法纺丝,且原丝的PAN准晶体结构对碳纤维乱层石墨晶体结构具有遗传型。干喷湿纺成形和高倍数纺丝牵伸更容易获得兼具较高拉伸强度和较高拉伸模量的碳纤维。 相似文献
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聚丙烯腈基碳纤维具有高强度、高模量、耐高温、耐腐蚀的优良性能,广泛应用于化工、机械、造船等方面。在聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的干湿法纺丝中,纺丝原液进入凝固浴后发生的溶剂扩散过程对聚丙烯腈基碳纤维原丝的结构和性能有重要影响。通过Fick定律建立了纺丝液溶剂扩散的数学模型,得出了溶剂沿纤维原丝的径向分布,还讨论了各种因素对溶剂质量分数分布的影响。 相似文献
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《高科技纤维与应用》2006,31(3):46
聚丙烯腈碳纤维原丝的制备方法,将丙烯腈与少量的丙烯酸甲酯、衣康酸溶解在49%~54%硫氰酸钠溶液中进行均相聚合,形成的聚合体留在硫氰酸钠溶液中,成为均相高分子溶液-原液,经多级精密过滤、脱泡、调温后纺丝:纺丝以组合喷丝板喷丝,顺流长浸浴凝固成型,经水洗、两段水浴牵伸、上油、热辊烘干后,即制得性能优异的聚丙烯腈碳纤维原丝,生产流程短,工艺简单,采用先水洗后牵伸的工艺,通过调整牵伸倍数和牵伸浴长度制得断裂伸长均匀的原丝,使产品的断裂伸长不匀率控制在10%以内,聚丙烯腈碳纤维原丝是制备阻燃性能优异的聚丙烯腈基预氧化纤维和高强高模聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的原料。 相似文献
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In this work, Lyocell fibers, used as carbon fiber precursors, were investigated. Lyocell fibers used for the carbon precursors and the carbon fibers themselves were produced in our laboratory. The mechanical properties morphology and structure of the precursors and the obtained carbon fibers were studied and compared to those of rayon. The results show that Lyocell fibers have higher tenacity and modulus, and better thermal stability than rayon fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments show that Lyocell precursors have round cross‐sections and fewer defects in the fibers, while rayon fiber has an oval cross‐section and many defects. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) results for the Lyocell precursors indicate that the degree of crystallinity of the Lyocell precursor is higher than that of a rayon precursor. They also show that Lyocell based carbon fibers have better mechanical properties than those that are rayon‐based. WAXD data of the obtained carbon fibers show that the crystallinity of Lyocell‐based carbon fiber is higher than that of rayon‐based carbon fiber. It is concluded that the Lyocell fibers are better precursors for carbon fibers than rayon. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1941–1947, 2003 相似文献
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Lyocell fiber is a new kind of regenerated cellulose fiber and expected to replace the Rayon fiber to be not only used in the textile field but also used in the fields of industry and aerospace after being modified. In this work, the multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/Lyocell composite fibers were prepared under different draw ratios by dry‐wet spinning and their electrical properties, mechanical properties, and structure were investigated. It was found that an appropriate amount of MWNTs could be dispersed homogeneously in the Lyocell matrix and could improve the mechanical and thermal properties of composite fiber. The results of wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) showed that the MWNTs in the composite fiber almost aligned along the axis of the fibers and the orientation of MWNTs increased with the increasing draw ratio. Furthermore, it was found that more MWNTs content and lower draw ratio could improve the electrical conductance of the composite fiber. The composite fiber containing 5 wt % MWNTs has a volume conductivity of 8.8 × 10?4 S/cm, which is five orders higher than that of pure Lyocell fiber. These results indicate that the MWNTs/Lyocell composite fiber has potential applications in the areas of precursor of carbon fiber and conductive fiber. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
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气隙长度和纺丝速度对Lyocell纤维性能的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文详细探讨了以NMMO作溶剂时,纤维素溶液纺丝工艺的三个重要工艺参数──气隙长度、纺丝速度和拉伸比对Lyocell纤维性能的影响。本文以大量的实验数据表明:随着气隙长度的增加,纤维的强度和伸长都有所增加;随着纺丝速度的提高,纤维的伸长减少,初始模量增大,而纤维的强度则随纺丝速度的提高而增加到一峰值后,再下降,强度最大时纺丝速度约为50m/min;在泵供量相同的条件下,拉伸比对纤维性能的影响同纺丝速度对纤维性能影响的趋势相同。 相似文献
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Lyocell fibers were produced from a cheap pulp with a high hemicellulose content and from a conventional pulp with a high α‐cellulose content. The mechanical properties, supermolecular structure, fibrillation resistance, and dyeing properties as well as the fibril aggregation size of the high hemicellulose Lyocell fiber and high α‐cellulose Lyocell fiber were compared. The results showed that the high hemicellulose spinning solution could be processed at a higher concentration, which improved the mechanical properties and the efficiency of the fiber process. Compared with the high α‐cellulose Lyocell fiber, the high hemicellulose Lyocell fiber had better fibrillation resistance and dyeing properties. Therefore, it is feasible that this cheap pulp with a high hemicellulose content can be used as a raw material for producing Lyocell fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
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高半纤维素浆粕制备Lyocell纤维的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用半纤维素质量分数21%的高半纤维素浆粕在N-甲基吗琳-N-氧化物(NMMO)水溶液中制备Lyocell纤维,并与半纤维素质量分数为10%的高α-纤维素浆粕的可纺性进行了对比。结果表明:高半纤维素浆粕在溶剂NMMO·H_2O中更易溶解,其过滤性能和可纺性能好,可在较高浆粕浓度下纺丝,制备成Lyo- cell纤维的产率高,且能提高Lyocell纤维的力学性能。高半纤维素浆液的稳定性能略低,在溶剂回收中需要消耗较多的双氧水进行氧化回收溶剂NMMO。 相似文献
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首先概述了再生纤维素纤维制造技术的发展历史,总结了以天然纤维素为原料的黏胶纤维、Lyocell纤维和离子液体纤维(Ioncell)及其技术发展现状。重点介绍了这三种再生纤维素纤维的性能、应用领域及市场前景,并比较了其生产工艺,包括纺丝原液的制备、纺丝工艺、溶剂回收等。与黏胶纤维相比,Lyocell 纤维和Ioncell纤维在溶解纤维素及干喷湿纺纺丝方面具有独特的优势。进一步对该类技术的重点和难点,如纺丝原液的连续制备和溶剂的高效回收进行了分析。与Lyocell纤维使用的NMMO溶剂相比,Ioncell纤维使用的离子液体具有离子液体可设计等优点,可根据纤维素原料的不同来源,设计合成对纤维素具有更好的溶解能力而无降解特征且环境友好的离子液体溶剂,同时对温度、金属离子具有很好的稳定性,为发展新一代纤维素绿色制造技术提供了新途径。另外,对Ioncell纤维存在的问题也进行了详细的分析,提出了未来拟开展的重点研究方向和拟解决的关键难题。 相似文献
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凝固浴浓度对Lyocell纤维性能及最大纺丝速度的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探讨了Lyocell纤维纺丝工艺中凝固浴浓度对最大纺丝速度及纤维相对强度、断裂伸长、初始模量的影响.结果表明:随着凝固浴浓度增大,最大纺丝速度减小;而在凝固浴浓度为10%时,纤维的相对强度和初始模量为最大,延伸度则为最小. 相似文献