基于支持向量机的发酵过程生物量在线估计

Biomass is a key factor in fermentation process, directly influencing the performance of the fermentation system as well as the quality and yield of the targeted product. Therefore, the on-line estimation of biomass is indispensable. The soft-sensor based on support vector machine （SVM） for an on-line biomass estimation was analyzed in detail, and the improved SVM called the weighted least squares support vector machine was presented to follow the dynamic feature of fermentation process. The model based on the modified SVM was developed and demonstrated using simulation experiments.     

基于支持向量机回归的天然气负荷预测研究

Natural gas load forecasting is a key process to the efficient operation of pipeline network. An accurate forecast is required to guarantee a balanced network operation and ensure safe gas supply at a minimum cost. Machine learning techniques have been increasingly applied to load forecasting. A novel regression technique based on the statistical learning theory, support vector machines (SVM), is investigated in this paper for natural gas shortterm load forecasting. SVM is based on the principle of structure risk minimization as opposed to the principle of empirical risk minimization in conventional regression techniques. Using a data set with 2 years load values we developed prediction model using SVM to obtain 31 days load predictions. The results on city natural gas short-term load forecasting show that SVM provides better prediction accuracy than neural network. The software package natural gas pipeline networks simulation and load forecasting (NGPNSLF) based on support vector regression prediction has been developed, which has also been applied in practice.     

Research on Natural Gas Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Support Vector Regression

Natural gas load forecasting is a key process to the efficient operation of pipeline network. An accurate forecast is required to guarantee a balanced network operation and ensure safe gas supply at a minimum cost. Machine learning techniques have been increasingly applied to load forecasting. A novel regression technique based on the statistical learning theory, support vector machines (SVM), is investigated in this paper for natural gas short-term load forecasting. SVM is based on the principle of structure risk minimization as opposed to the principle of empirical risk minimization in conventional regression techniques. Using a data set with 2 years load values we developed prediction model using SVM to obtain 31 days load predictions. The results on city natural gas short-term load forecasting show that SVM provides better prediction accuracy than neural network. The software package natural gas pipeline networks simulation and load forecasting (NGPNSLF) based on support vector regression prediction     

基于支持向量基的关联规则挖掘及其在模拟移动床PX吸附分离过程中的应用

In this paper, a novel data mining method is introduced to solve the multi-objective optimization problems of process industry. A hyperrectangle association rule mining （HARM） algorithm based on support vector machines （SVMs） is proposed. Hyperrectangles rules are constructed on the base of prototypes and support vectors （SVs） under some heuristic limitations. The proposed algorithm is applied to a simulated moving bed （SMB） paraxylene （PX） adsorption process. The relationships between the key process variables and some objective variables such as purity, recovery rate of PX are obtained. Using existing domain knowledge about PX adsorption process, most of the obtained association rules can be explained.     

基于FCMISVM的自适应软测量建模算法及其在PX吸附分离过程中的应用

To overcome the problem that soft sensor models cannot be updated with the process changes, a soft sensor modeling algorithm based on hybrid fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm and incremental support vector machines (ISVM) is proposed. This hybrid algorithm FCMISVM includes three parts: samples clustering based on FCM algorithm, learning algorithm based on ISVM, and heuristic sample displacement method. In the training process, the training samples are first clustered by the FCM algorithm, and then by training each clustering with the SVM algorithm, a sub-model is built to each clustering. In the predicting process, when an incremental sample that represents new operation information is introduced in the model, the fuzzy membership function of the sample to each clustering is first computed by the FCM algorithm. Then, a corresponding SVM sub-model of the clustering with the largest fuzzy membership function is used to predict and perform incremental learning so the model can be updated on-line. An old sample chosen by heuristic sample displacement method is then discarded from the sub-model to control the size of the working set. The proposed method is applied to predict the p-xylene (PX) purity in the adsorption separation process. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method actually increases the model’s adaptive abilities to various operation conditions and improves its generalization capability.     

基于2次核SVM的单步非线性模型预测控制

A support vector machine (SVM) with quadratic polynomial kernel function based nonlinear model one-step-ahead predictive controller is presented. The SVM based predictive model is established with black-box identification method. By solving a cubic equation in the feature space, an explicit predictive control law is obtained through the predictive control mechanism. The effect of controller is demonstrated on a recognized benchmark problem and on the control of continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Simulation results show that SVM with quadratic polynomial kernel function based predictive controller can be well applied to nonlinear systems, with good performance in following reference trajectory as well as in disturbance-rejection.     

Accelerated Recursive Feature Elimination Based on Support Vector Machine for Key Variable Identification

Key variable identification for classifications is related to many trouble-shooting problems in process industries. Recursive feature elimination based on support vector machine （SVM-RFE） has been proposed recently in application for feature selection in cancer diagnosis. In this paper, SVM-RFE is used to the key variable selection in fault diagnosis, and an accelerated SVM-RFE procedure based on heuristic criterion is proposed. The data from Tennessee Eastman process （TEP） simulator is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the key variable selection using accelerated SVM-RFE （A-SVM-RFE）. A-SVM-RFE integrates computational rate and algorithm effectiveness into a consistent framework. It not only can correctly identify the key variables, but also has very good computational rate. In comparison with contribution charts combined with principal component aralysis （PCA） and other two SVM-RFE algorithms, A-SVM-RFE performs better. It is more fitting for industrial application.     

A multi-model approach for soft sensor development based on feature extraction using weighted kernel fisher criterion简

Multi-model approach can significantly improve the prediction performance of soft sensors in the proc- ess with multiple operational conditions. However, traditional clustering algorithms may result in overlapping phe- nomenon in subclasses, so that edge classes and outliers cannot be effectively dealt with and the modeling result is not satisfactory. In order to solve these problems, a new feature extraction method based on weighted kernel Fisher criterion is presented to improve the clustering accuracy, in which feature mapping is adopted to bring the edge classes and outliers closer to other normal subclasses. Furthermore, the classified data are used to develop a multiple model based on support vector machine. The proposed method is applied to a bisphenol A production process for prediction of the quality index. The simulation results demonstrate its ability in improving the data classification and the prediction performance of the soft sensor.     

利用状态空间模型和不敏卡尔曼滤波的分批补料发酵过程在线估计(英文)

On-line estimation of unmeasurable biological variables is important in fermentation processes, directly influencing the optimal control performance of the fermentation system as well as the quality and yield of the targeted product. In this study, a novel strategy for state estimation of fed-batch fermentation process is proposed. By combining a simple and reliable mechanistic dynamic model with the sample-based regressive measurement model, a state space model is developed. An improved algorithm, swarm energy conservation particle swarm optimization (SECPSO), is presented for the parameter identification in the mechanistic model, and the support vector machines (SVM) method is adopted to establish the nonlinear measurement model. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is designed for the state space model to reduce the disturbances of the noises in the fermentation process. The proposed on-line estimation method is demonstrated by the simulation experiments of a penicillin fed-batch fermentation process.     

基于模糊核聚类的多类支持向量机

传统的支持向量机是基于两类问题提出的,如何将其有效地推广至多类问题仍是一个值得研究的问题。本文在比较常用的几种多类支持向量机分类算法基础上,提出了一种基于模糊核聚类的多类支持向量机分类方法。支持向量机的分类精度和分类速度取决于树结构,新方法利用模糊核聚类生成模糊类,并结合基于二叉树的多类支持向量机分类算法实现多类分类。实验结果表明,该方法是一种效率更高、分类更准确的多类支持向量机分类算法。     

In vitro assessment of tooth color changes due to orthodontic treatment using knowledge discovery methods

Esthetic dentistry imposes several demands on the artistic abilities of the dentist, and knowledge of the underlying scientific principles of tooth color is considered to be essential by Sikri. The supervised classification methods, such as the artificial neural networks, the support vector machines, and also the Bayesian classifier, and the feature selection methods, such as decision trees, genetic algorithms and neural networks, as well as independent component analysis combined with least square support vector machines, were applied successfully in the medical field but were less implemented in the dental analysis domain. This study was conducted on extracted premolars from people who required orthodontic treatment. Data gathering was done using spectrophotometric recordings of tooth color parameters before and after accelerated bleaching, staining, and control procedures on extracted teeth on which was simulated orthodontic treatment. Comparison between data mining techniques and classical statistical interpretation of data was done. The results demonstrated the usefulness of these innovating data assessment techniques in the dental field.     

Gasoline quality prediction using gas chromatography and FTIR spectroscopy: An artificial intelligence approach

This paper reports on analysis of 45 gasoline samples with different qualities, namely, octane number and chemical composition. Measurements of data from gas chromatography and IR (FTIR) spectroscopy are used to gasoline quality prediction and classification. The data were processed using principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy C means (FCM) algorithm. The data were then analyzed following the neural network paradigms, hybrid neural network and support vector machines (SVM) classifier. The IR spectra were compressed and de-noised by the discrete wavelet analysis. Using the hybrid neural network and multi linear regression method (MLRM), excellent correlation between chemical composition of the gasoline samples and predicted value of the octane number was obtained. About 100% correct classification for six different categories of the gasoline was achieved, each of which has different qualities.     

独立元分析方法(ICA)及其在化工过程监控和故障诊断中的应用

引　言近年来 ,多元统计过程控制 (multivariatestatisti calprocesscontrol,MSPC)作为一种基于多元统计投影理论的过程性能监控和故障诊断技术受到了学术界和工业界的广泛重视 ,并在化工生产过程中得到了成功应用[1] .MSPC中 ,人们采用主元分析方法(PCA)从过程观测数据中提取统计无关主元 ,通过构造各种信息统计量对过程运行状况进行统计分析 ,判断过程运行是否偏离了正常的操作区域并诊断引起状态偏移的原因 ,其结论成立的前提是要求观测数据服从正态分布[2 ] .然而 ,实际的工业过程数据大都不满足正态分布条件 ,传统的PCA必然导致…     

基于决策分类方法的水泥回转窑故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于决策分类的水泥回转窑故障诊断方法。该方法利用水泥生产过程中产生的回转窑历史数据结合模糊决策树算法生成故障诊断模糊推理规则库,利用在线数据可对模糊规则库进行增量学习,不断完善故障诊断规则库。故障诊断阶段,将在线数据形成的特征向量与故障诊断规则库进行匹配,判断是否发生故障以及相应的故障类型。该方法对故障数据进行模糊化处理,提高了故障诊断结果的可解释性以及泛化性能,适用于实际的水泥生产过程。     

基于离散粒子群的气液二相流型特征选择

针对气液二相流型识别中存在的大量无关或冗余的特征会降低分类器性能的缺陷,提出了离散粒子群算法(BPSO)和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)封装模式的流型特征选择方法.该方法分别采用小波包和经验模式分解方法(EMD)对原始压差波动信号进行分解,分别提取原始信号和各分解信号的时域量纲一指标组成融合特征.然后采用BPSO进...     

基于FCM聚类的气化炉温度多模型软测量建模

水煤浆气化是煤炭资源高效清洁利用的重要技术。气化炉反应温度是关系装置能否长周期安全稳定运行的关键参数,但是热电偶在高温、高压和气固物流冲刷环境下,使用寿命有限。本文以一多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉为研究对象,在多模型建模方法的基础上,以数据点间的相似程度作为多模型子区间的划分手段,结合最小二乘支持向量机建立了基于模糊C均值聚类的气化炉温度软测量模型。实际工业运行数据验证结果表明,该软测量模型拟合精度较高,模型泛化能力较强。     

基于LS-SVM和Pensim仿真平台的青霉素发酵过程建模

从青霉素发酵过程仿真平台(Pensim)得到的结果作为出发点,采用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)对青霉素发酵过程进行建模研究。分别研究丁利用溶解氧浓度、排气二氧化碳浓度等变量对青霉素产物浓度、菌体浓度和底物浓度等重要过程变量的建模问题,在3种不同的仿真条件下分别建立了相应的在线预报模型,并对其进行了分析和比较。基于 Pensim 的仿真结果表明采用 LS-SVM 方法所建立的在线预报模型均具有良好的预测精度,对后续发酵过程的控制和优化能起到一定的参考作用。     

Melt index prediction by weighted least squares support vector machines

Melt index is considered an important quality variable determining product specifications. Reliable prediction of melt index (MI) is crucial in quality control of practical propylene polymerization processes. In this paper a least squares support vector machines (LS‐SVM) soft‐sensor model of propylene polymerization process is developed to infer the MI of polypropylene from other process variables. Considering the use of a SSE cost function without regularization might lead to less robust estimates; the weighted least squares support vector machines (weighted LS‐SVM) approach of propylene polymerization process is further proposed to obtain a robust estimation of melt index. The performance of standard SVM model is taken as a basis of comparison. A detailed comparison research among the standard SVM, LS‐SVM, and weighted LS‐SVM models is carried out. The research results confirm the effectiveness of the presented methods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 285–289, 2006