共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 200 毫秒
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采用超临界CO_2流体萃取木香挥发油。探讨了压力、温度、CO_2密度对挥发油收率的影响,研究了萃取的最适宜条件。对水蒸汽蒸馏法与超临界萃取法进行了比较。 相似文献
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超声强化超临界流体萃取薏苡仁油和薏苡仁酯的影响因素及效果 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18
考察了超声强化超临界流体萃取(USFE)薏苡仁中的薏苡仁油和薏苡仁酯的效果。以 CO2作为超临界流体分别研究了萃取过程中萃取温度、萃取压力、原料颗粒大小、超临界流体流量、超声参数、萃取时间等因素对萃取率的影响,并与超临界流体萃取(SFE)进行对比。结果表明,超声强化超临界流体萃取过程,最适宜的萃取温度为 40℃,比超临界流体萃取的最适宜的萃取温度降低了 5℃;最适宜的萃取压力为 20Mpa, 比超临界流体萃取的最适宜的萃取压力降低了 5Mpa;最佳萃取时间为 3.5h,比超临界流体萃取的最佳萃取时间缩短了 0.5h;萃取率提高约 10%左右。若萃取率相同时,流体流量可减少 0.5L·h-1 ,原料粒径的要求可放宽。 相似文献
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超临界流体色谱法测定固体在二氧化碳中的溶解度 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
开发了一种测定超临界二氧化碳中大分子溶质的溶解度的方法。这一方法将微型超微界流体萃取直接与超临界色谱相耦合,超临界流体色谱采用FID作为检测器。实验中两者具有同一压力、温度及同样的CO2流速度。 相似文献
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超临界CO_2萃取反应合成碳酸二甲酯 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实验测定了不同条件下碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、甲醇、乙二醇(EG)、碳酸乙烯酯(EC)在超临界相和液相中的分配系数,计算了DMC相对于其他组分的分离因子.DMC相对于甲醇的分离因子随EC浓度的升高而降低,随DMC和EG含量增加而升高,随压力增加而增大,随温度升高而变小.这种变化规律表明利用超临界萃取与反应耦合提高酯交换反应转化率的前提是:(1)反应体系中DMC的浓度要高,即进料中环氧乙烷(EO)的浓度要高,且EC转化率要高;(2)低的反应温度和高的反应压力.在160℃和5~20MPa下,以环氧乙烷、甲醇和CO2为原料,考察了超临界CO2萃取与反应相耦合提高酯交换反应转化率的可行性.研究结果表明,DMC与甲醇间的分离因子是影响超临界萃取反应操作过程中DMC收率的关键因素.采用耦合技术可以提高DMC的单级收率约4%以上. 相似文献
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超临界CO2萃取反应合成碳酸二甲酯 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
实验测定了不同条件下碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、甲醇、乙二醇(EG)、碳酸乙烯酯(EC)在超临界相和液相中的分配系数,计算了DMC相对于其他组分的分离因子. DMC相对于甲醇的分离因子随EC浓度的升高而降低,随DMC和EG含量增加而升高,随压力增加而增大,随温度升高而变小. 这种变化规律表明利用超临界萃取与反应耦合提高酯交换反应转化率的前提是:(1) 反应体系中DMC的浓度要高,即进料中环氧乙烷(EO)的浓度要高,且EC转化率要高;(2) 低的反应温度和高的反应压力. 在160℃和5~20 MPa下,以环氧乙烷、甲醇和CO2为原料,考察了超临界CO2萃取与反应相耦合提高酯交换反应转化率的可行性. 研究结果表明,DMC与甲醇间的分离因子是影响超临界萃取反应操作过程中DMC收率的关键因素. 采用耦合技术可以提高DMC的单级收率约4%以上. 相似文献
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Dejoye C Vian MA Lumia G Bouscarle C Charton F Chemat F 《International journal of molecular sciences》2011,12(12):9332-9341
Extraction yields and fatty acid profiles from freeze-dried Chlorella vulgaris by microwave pretreatment followed by supercritical carbon dioxide (MW-SCCO(2)) extraction were compared with those obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction alone (SCCO(2)). Work performed with pressure range of 20-28 Mpa and temperature interval of 40-70 °C, gave the highest extraction yield (w/w dry weight) at 28 MPa/40 °C. MW-SCCO(2) allowed to obtain the highest extraction yield (4.73%) compared to SCCO(2) extraction alone (1.81%). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of microalgae oil showed that palmitic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acid were the most abundant identified fatty acids. Oils obtained by MW-SCCO(2) extraction had the highest concentrations of fatty acids compared to SCCO(2) extraction without pretreatment. Native form, and microwave pretreated and untreated microalgae were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). SEM micrographs of pretreated microalgae present tearing wall agglomerates. After SCCO(2), microwave pretreated microalgae presented several micro cracks; while native form microalgae wall was slightly damaged. 相似文献
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A. Molero G mez E. Mart nez de la Ossa 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2000,77(9):969-974
The extraction of wheat germ oil by liquid and supercritical CO2 is described from the point of view of both operative method and pretreatment of raw material. The best conditions for wheat
germ oil extraction are: pressure, 150 bar; temperature, 40°C; and solvent flow rate, 1.5 L/min at standard temperature and
pressure. The yields and fatty acid compositions obtained are very similar to those resulting from the conventional extraction
process using hexane as solvent (8.0 wt%), although a higher-quality oil is obtained by using CO2 as solvent (free fatty acids, 12.4%; tocopherol content, 416.7 mg tocopherol/g wheat germ oil). These factors lead to the
conclusion that the extraction process using CO2 could be economically competitive with the conventional process, since it considerably simplifies the oil refinement stages
and completely eliminates the solvent distillation stage, which are the most costly processing steps in terms of energy consumption. 相似文献
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超临界二氧化碳(SCCO2)具有低黏度、高扩散性、高溶解度和高介电能力,利用超临界二氧化碳对PAN基碳纤维表面进行刻蚀。对超临界二氧化碳处理前后碳纤维进行分析,X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,随着处理温度的升高碳纤维表面O/C降低,这表明超临界二氧化碳对碳纤维有深度清洗的作用。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,随着处理温度的升高,碳纤维002晶系增加,并且石墨微晶厚度Lc和尺寸La增大。AFM观察表明,随着温度升高发现碳纤维表面沟槽变深并且碳纤维表面的粗糙度增加。此外,在200℃超临界二氧化碳处理过的碳纤维与环氧树脂的粘结性提高最高可达17.4%,经过超临界二氧化碳处理后碳纤维的层间剪切提高明显。 相似文献
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综述了超临界流体在聚苯乙烯(PS)制备中的应用。超临界流体分级能方便地通过调节温度和压力对溶解度进行控制。获得相对分子质量分布较窄的PS级分;采用超临界流体可以连续稳定地制备纯度高和粒径分布均匀的微细PS;运用超临界溶液快速膨胀技术制得了微粒形态良好、粒径分布较窄的微米级PS微粒;采用超临界气体制备的微孔发泡PS复合材料具有较高的机械强度和性价比;PS超临界流体脱挥分具有能耗低、传质效率高的特点,而且不会引起聚合物的降解;使用超临界流体制备PS复合材料成为人们关注的研究热点。 相似文献
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采用环境友好的超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术制备油茶籽油,考察了压力、时间、温度和二氧化碳流量等因素对茶籽油萃取率的影响,得到优化的工艺参数:当萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度35℃、CO2流量30L/h、萃取时间为3h时茶籽油萃取率可高达44.4%。根据中华人民共和国国家标准进行检测的结果表明:超临界二氧化碳流体萃取出的茶籽油,无需进一步精制即可达到国家食用植物油卫生标准GB/T2716—2005,而除含皂量、水分及挥发物外的指标均达到国家一级茶油标准GB11765—2003;GC/MS分析结果表明油茶籽油富含73.6%不饱和脂肪酸。实验结果表明:超临界二氧化碳流体技术萃取茶籽油具有操作简便、萃取率高、无溶剂残留、绿色环保等优点,萃取出的茶籽油具有较高的品质和良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Extraction of essential oil from geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) with supercritical carbon dioxide
Amelia Peterson Siti Machmudah Bhupesh C Roy Motonobu Goto Mitsuru Sasaki Tsutomu Hirose 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2006,81(2):167-172
This study investigated the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of geranium essential oil from geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) using supercritical carbon dioxide solvent. The extraction yield was measured as a function of pressure, temperature and carbon dioxide flow rate. At low pressure (10 MPa) and high temperature (343 K), waxes were co‐extracted with the essential oil, resulting in artificially elevated essential oil extraction yields as no method was available with the SFE apparatus used to separate co‐extracted waxes and oil. At high pressure (30 MPa) and low temperature (313 K), the amount of wax co‐extracted decreased. Under these ‘optimum’ conditions, the extraction yield increased with decrease in flow rate giving a maximum extraction yield of 2.53%. All samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the effect of pressure and extraction time on oil composition was studied. The percentage compositions of terpene hydrocarbons, terpenols, geraniol and geranyl esters were significantly affected by pressure and extraction time. The oil samples obtained by SFE were also compared with commercially obtained steam distilled samples. All major components of the commercially obtained oils were present in the SFE‐obtained oils; however, the percentage composition of the major components differed greatly between steam distilled and SFE oils. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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超临界CO_2萃取青皮挥发油的工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用正交实验法对超临界CO2萃取中药青皮挥发油的最佳工艺条件进行优选。以挥发油得率为考察指标,探讨了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间三因素在不同水平下对青皮挥发油得率的影响,并与水蒸气蒸馏法进行了比较。研究表明,萃取压力对挥发油得率有显著影响,萃取温度及时间影响不显著,各因素作用主次关系为:压力>温度>时间。优选得到的最佳工艺为:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间1.5 h,得率为1.3197%,比水蒸气蒸馏法提高2.4倍,时间减少78.57%。超临界CO2萃取收率高、耗时短、品质好。 相似文献