水力提升管道大颗粒运动特性的高速摄影分析

为提高管道水力输送安全性,本文利用高速摄影技术对水力提升系统中大颗粒的运动规律进行了试验研究,观察了颗粒及颗粒群体的运动状态.通过数字图像处理技术,得到了单颗粒的运动轨迹和颗粒群分布规律,同时获得了颗粒轴向速度、径向速度等各种运动参散,并分析了颗粒粒径对其轴向速度的影响.研究发现单颗粒基本上属于螺旋式上升的状态;颗粒群主要集中于管道的中心;颗粒的轴向速度在沿管径的分布类似于抛物线分布,大小基本上与颗粒的粒径成反比;径向速度沿管径基本符合正态分布.     

堆场疏浚淤泥沉降规律计算

基于淤泥颗粒在水中的受力情况和管道射流基本理论,建立了适用于堆场淤泥颗粒的基本运动方程,得到了淤泥颗粒的沉降速度分布图、水平管道射流各断面上的速度分布图和不同断面处轴向速度分布图。通过拟合淤泥颗粒在堆场中沿垂向、轴向和径向的运动规律,构建了堆场主沉降区内淤泥颗粒粒径范围从0.35～300μm沉降历时17h的分层沉降模型,大致模拟出淤泥沉降规律。淤泥颗粒粒径呈现扇形分布,沿堆场方向沿程递减分布,砂粒在堆场的前250m沉降完全,粉粒沿堆场水流方向依次沉降,黏粒大部分悬浮在水中,有利于后期实现堆场空间的有效利用和疏浚淤泥的资源化利用。     

大颗粒在水力提升系统中运动特性的 数值模拟和试验研究

为掌握大颗粒在水力提升系统中的运动特性,进行了数值模拟和试验。详细分析了系统内部速度场、颗粒的颗粒轴向速度、径向速度等各种运动参数,对数值模拟结果和试验数据进行了对比分析。同时,对比研究了颗粒的沉降速度和浮游速度。结果表明：颗粒的轴向速度在沿管径的分布类似于抛物线分布;径向速度的绝对值都很小;颗粒的浮游速度小于其沉降速度。     

具有变截面流道的圆柱容器内流经环形填充层流动的研究

本文提出了具有变截面中心流道的圆柱容器内流经环形填充层流体流动的数学模型,并且对这一数学模型进行了计算和实验验证。结果表明,在中心流道截面积沿轴向作适当变化的情况下,仅增加有限的压降损失,便可以明显地改善径向流经填充层的速度分布的不均匀性。     

摆动柔性鳍尾涡流场的实验测试与分析

利用数字式粒子图像测速系统(DPIV)开展了摆动柔性鳍的尾流场测?分析了尾涡结构的演变过程.柔性尾鳍在一个摆动周期内产生两个反向卡门涡对.本文给出了沿涡对连线及其垂直方向上的速度分布,计算了涡对的速度环量,并初步构建出柔性尾鳍流场中的三维涡环模型.     

管道双车车间螺旋流周向速度特性研究

考虑到筒装料管道水力输送技术在研究内容方面所存在的欠缺,在管道流量为40 m~3/h条件下,运用粒子图像测试技术对管道双车车间水流速度进行了测量,并结合相关理论对管道双车车间水流周向速度特性进行了分析。试验中采用的管道车模型型号相同,均为150 mm×70 mm,所带导流条长度为150 mm,安放角为15°,输送管道内径为100 mm。研究结果表明,水流经过管道车刚进入车间时,车间截面周向速度的最大值和最小值都位于管道车与管壁的缝隙所对应的区域,而且此区域内速度较小的位置与管道车支脚安装位置相对应;测试截面同一测轴上测点周向速度随测环半径的增加先增加后减少,且截面周向速度变化梯度沿程变小;同一测环上测点的周向速度随着测轴角度的增加呈现波浪形的分布;管道双车车间沿程各截面中,在距离后车75～111 mm范围内周向速度的截面分布较为均匀。     

水平旋转内消能泄洪洞流速分布及紊动特性试验研究

该文通过模型试验,研究了在自由流、吸吮流和淹没流三种基本流态下,水平旋转内消能泄洞的流速分布与脉动特性。激光测速的结果表明,水平旋流洞的切向流速沿径向的分布可以看成是组合涡分布,轴向流速沿径向的分布可看成是最大值靠近壁面一侧的二次曲线分布。在流速的变化趋势上各种流态是相同的,但具体分布参数因流态不同,有较大的差异。流态不同时,轴向脉动流速与切向有较大差异,湍流强度变化规律也不同,自由流与吸吮流流态湍流强度总体上的变化规律为Twθ和Twz沿程均有所增大;沿径向先减小,在R/R0大于一定值之后基本维持一常量或略有增大。     

温粘效应下椭圆瓦轴承动特性系数一维模型算法分析

该文建立了轴向解析、周向有限元压力分布的一维变粘度场有限宽椭圆瓦轴承动特性系数模型.忽略泊肃叶流项对速度的影响,不考虑轴向温度变化并沿径向方向积分,三维能量方程可降阶为平均温度场只沿周向分布的一维形式,与雷诺方程解耦.采用一维直接解法求解雷诺方程和轴承在平衡点的挠动和速度方程.既考虑了温粘效应对轴承动力学性能的影响,又提供了无需迭代确定油膜破裂边界和求解油膜力和动特性系数快速算法.作为应用,对进油槽位于水平两侧的椭圆瓦轴承进行了动力润滑热效应分析,与工程数据比较,计算结果稳合,证明该模型合理,适用于工程上多瓦轴承的分析计算.     

梭锥管混浊流体分离装置流场PIV 测试及分析

利用粒子图像测速技术,测试了两种工况下梭锥管混浊流体分离装置（简称梭锥管）内的水沙两相流的速度场,给出了梭锥管内泥沙运动的流速矢量分布及流速大小云图。对测试结果的分析表明,实测结果与理论分析结果一致。含沙水流进入梭锥管后,其内设置的多层锥圈把泥沙沉降区域分割成若干个沉降距离较短且相互独立的沉降空间,缩短了泥沙的自由沉降距离。相邻锥圈组成的水沙分离空间内,形成了沿锥圈上表面向下运动的泥沙流和沿锥圈下表面向上运动的清水流,使分离后的泥沙流和清水流沿各自独立路径流动,泥沙流流入排沙装置中心的排沙通道,而清水流流入装置边壁处的清水流通道,相互之间无混掺和干扰,加快了水沙分离速度。     

非Newton流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流的速度分布

本文建立了双极坐标系下非Newton流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流的控制方程；并以HPAM水溶液为例，用有限差分法对控制方程进行了数值求解，绘制了这种流动的速度分布曲线；分析了环空内外管的偏心距、环空内管的冲程和冲次对流体在偏心环空中速度分布的影响。分析结果表明：随着环空偏心距减小，最宽和最窄间隙处的流体速度分布越来越接近；随着环空内管的冲程和冲次的增加，环空内管的轴向往复运动对流体速度分布的扰动增大。     

PIV MEASUREMENT OF THE GAS-SOLID FLOW PATTERN IN A CFB RISER

Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) is a valuable measuring tool for studying multiphase flows, such as liquid-gas and gas-solid flow. It can be used to carry out many hydrodynamic studies, in particular, to determine accurately the gas-solid flow structure in CFB (Circulating Fluidized Beds). In this paper, the technique characteristics was described in applying the PIV to measure the gas-solid flow in circulating fluidized beds. A primary experiment was completed on a CFB unit with the PIV, yielding the velocity vector fields of high-density particles for different gas-solid superficial velocities and solid recycle rates. Velocities of the transported particles were calculated with cross-correlation method. The major factors influencing the successful measurement of particle velocity with the PIV technique were also described.     

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF FLOW STRUCTURE IN A GAS-SOLID CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED RISER BY PIV

Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) techniques were applied to investigate the particle motion and cluster properties in a gas-solid two-phase flow in a circulating fluidized bed riser. Visual images and micro-structure of various clusters were captured. After the boundary of clusters was determined by the gray level threshold method, clusters were classified by the distance between particles and the shape and position of clusters. In addition, the process of clusters forming and breaking up was described, and the sizes of clusters were also obtained. With the Minimum Quadric Difference (MQD) cross-correlation algorithm suitable for high-density particles, the axial velocities of the particles were obtained in the dilute phase section. The features of particle motion were revealed by investigating statistically the magnitude and distribution of particle axial velocity in the radial direction. At most radial cross-sections, there exists a parabola-shaped distribution of upward axial velocity of particles, namely, the magnitude of axial velocity in the core region is higher than that near the wall region of the riser.     

AN IMPROVED PTV SYSTEM FOR LARGE-SCALE PHYSICAL RIVER MODEL

To measure the surface flow in a physical river model, an improved system of Large-Scale Particle Tracking Velocimetry （LSPTV） was proposed and the elements of the PTV system were described. Usually the tracer particles of a PTV system seeded on water surface tend to form conglomerates due to surface tension of water. In addition, they can not float on water surface when water flow is shallow. Ellipsoid particles were used to avoid the above problems. Another important issue is particle recognition. In order to eliminate the influence of noise, particles were recognized by the processing of multi-frame images. The kernel of the improved PTV system is the algorithm for particle tracking. A new 3-frame PTV algorithm was developed. The performance of this algorithm was compared with the conventional 4-frame PTV algorithm and 2-frame PTV algorithm by means of computer simulation using synthetically generated images. The results show that the new 3-frame PTV algorithm can recover more velocity vectors and have lower relative error. In addition, in order to attain the whole flow field from individual flow fields, the method of stitching individual flow fields by obvious marks was worked out. Then the improved PTV system was applied to the measurement of surface flow field in Model Yellow River and shows good performance.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON VELOCITY PROFILE OF SUBMERGED ABRASIVE SUSPENSION JET FLOW

1. INTRODUCTIONAbrasive Water Jet (AWJ), has been developed the into a remarkable and extensively used cutting technology in last two decades. In recent years, the polymer PAM has generally been applied to jetting fluid to further increase the abrasive ve…     

一种改进的粒子图像测速混合算法研究

粒子图像测速技术作为一种新的流场测速方法能够在不干扰流场的情况下获得整个流场的速度信息。粒子图像测速技术最关键的步骤在于粒子匹配。针对粒子密度分布不均匀、流场不同等实际情况,提出了混合算法,即结合互相关和松弛算法能够更准确地搜索粒子,进而对粒子进行匹配。对3种匹配算法的匹配概率进行比较分析,发现混合算法能更准确地分析粒子的运动状态,减少错误矢量的产生;另外,对松弛算法进行改进,通过优化筛选加权因子发现改进的松弛算法在运行速度上相比原始算法有了较大提高,匹配率与原始算法基本一致。     

RESEARCH ON THE MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBER SUSPENSIONS IN A WEDGE-SHAPED FLOW

1.　INTRODUCTIONTheliquidorgasflowofsolidfibersuspensionsconcernssomediffcultproblemsinthetheoreticalresearchofmultiphaseflowandNon-Newtonianflow.Sotheresearchofithasgreattheoreticalvalues.Atthesametime,theapplicationoftheflowwithfibersuspensionsisveryextensive.Inmaterialsscience,compositematerialsarebeingpaidmoreandmoreattentiontoshort-fibermaterialarethemostcommononeinvariouscompositematerials.Themoldingandmachiningofshort-fibermaterialhavemuchtodowiththedynamiccharacteristicsoftheflow…     

PDA MEASUREMENTS OF TWO-PHASE FLOW STRUCTURE AND PARTICLE DISPERSION FOR A PARTICLE-LADEN JET IN CROSSFLOW

The two-phase flow structure and particle dispersion for a dilute particle-laden jet in crossflow(JICF) were experimentally investigated by means of Phase Doppler Anemometry(PDA) measurement.The two-phase flow experiments were conducted for different flow conditions and solid particle parameters,including the ratio of the jet velocity to crossflow velocity,the particle size and mass loading.The experimental results indicate that the fine particles with the size of 70 micron and the mass loading of 0.05% hav...     

EFFECT OF NON-SPHERICAL PARTICLES ON THE FLUID TURBULENCE IN A PARTICULATE PIPE FLOW

In the non-spherical particulate turbulent flows,a set of new fluid fluctuating velocity equations with the nonspherical particle source term were derived, then a new method,which treats the slowly varying functions and rapidly varying functions separately, was proposed to solve the equations, and finally the turbulent intensity and the Reynolds stress of the fluid were obtained by calculating the fluctuating velocity statistically. The equations and method were used to a particulate turbulent pipe flow. The results show that the turbulent intensity and the Reynolds stress are decreased almost inverse proportionally to the fluctuating velocity ratio of particle to fluid. Nonspherical particles have a greater suppressing effect on the turbulence than the spherical particles. The particles with short relaxation time reduce the turbulence intensity of fluid, while the particles with long relaxation time increase the turbulence intensity of fluid. For fixed particle and fluid, the small particles suppress the turbulence and the large particles increase the turbulence.     

Experimental and theoretical study of coupled influence of flow velocity increment and particle size on particle retention and release in porous media

Experimental and theoretical studies were carried out to investigate the coupled influence of flow velocity increment and particle size on the retention and release of particles in porous media. Particle release was examined through measurement of changes in effluent particle concentrations, and particle retention was assessed through measurement of the final spatial distribution of particles remaining in the soil columns after the experiments. Particle release curves were simulated using a convection-dispersion model that includes the instantaneous release of the line source. Fitted model parameters were used to gain insights into the mechanisms that control particle retention and release. When the flow velocity increment was 0.0435 cm/s, the peak concentration of particles decreased with increasing flow velocity until the latter approached a critical level, beyond which the particle concentration increased. Particle wedging and fouling were considered the primary mechanisms that controlled particle retention and release beyond the critical particle velocity. In experiments with large flow velocity increments, small particles exhibited lower particle mass fraction than large particles as particle wedging and fouling increased with particle size. The range of longitudinal dispersivity decreased with an increasing particle size and flow velocity increment. Moreover, the mean particle velocity increased with the mean interstitial fluid velocity. The mean particle velocity profile was highly sensitive to the particle size at low velocity increments. In general,particle release rates increased with both flow velocity and velocity increment. The mass of the released particles provides further evidence that particle wedging and fouling are the major factors that control particle release in sand columns.     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF PARTICLE MIXING BEHAVIOR IN A BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED

In this article the hard-sphere Discrete Particle Model (DPM) is used to study the mixing behavior of particles in the 2-D fluidized bed. Different flow patterns in the bed for two kinds of inlet configurations, namely free bubbling and jet bubbling mode, are captured by the numerical model, under specific superficial gas velocities. To examine the degree of particle mixing, the Fan index is applied. The numerical results show that the rate of particle mixing is larger in the jet bubbling than that in the free bubbling mode. The gross circulations of particles in the jet bubbling bed give a higher degree of mixing because of the involvement of a greater number of particles.