我国水权交易博弈定价决策机理

结合水权交易双方的效用函数，基于博弈原理及方法分别建立了水权交易准市场阶段和水市场阶段的水权交易博弈定价模型，并对水市场定价模型的纳什均衡解进行了探讨；基于定价相关要素间关系的探讨，解析了准市场阶段和水市场阶段水权交易定价决策机理，结果认为水权交易双方存在利益冲突，并且准市场阶段水权交易定价相对较低，水市场阶段水权交易定价相对较高。     

南水北调中线水量分配准市场模型研究

现重点探讨了在准市场情况下南水北调中线水量分配的理论和模型,在比较计划分配与市场分配的基础上,从理论上说明中线建立准市场水量分配的必要性和可行性。结合政府宏观调控和水市场机制两种配置方式的优势和中线水量调度自身特点,建立了中线准市场水量分配模型。通过求解非线性最优化方程,研究了模型求解思路和方法,证明求得的解是Nash均衡解。最后阐述了准市场模型对中线水量调度的理论意义和应用价值。     

临清市水权水市场建设实践

临清市依托国家地下水超采区综合治理项目，探索开展水权水市场建设，通过加强水权制度顶层设计，明晰行业水量分配，开发水权确权数据库，组织水权确权发证，搭建水权交易系统，推进各类水权交易，加强水权交易监管等全方位、多层次、整链条用水权改革工作，通过政府与市场两手发力，促进水资源优化配置和集约节约安全利用，解决经济社会发展用水瓶颈问题，为山东省地下水超采地区开展水权交易提供了经验借鉴。     

培育和发展水市场 促进水资源优化配置

２０００年１１月２４日，浙江省东阳市和义乌市签订了有偿转让横锦水库部分用水权的协议；２００１年６月，漳河成功实现跨省有偿调水，在利用市场机制配置水资源方面进行了可喜的尝试，引起了广泛的社会反响．随着中国市场化改革进程的加快和水资源日益短缺，应该培育和发展水市场、建立水权制度，促进水资源优化配置、提高水资源利用效率．１培育和发展水市场、建立水权交易机制是实现水资源优化配置的重要途径１．１培育和发展水市场有利于水资源优化配置水权包括水资源的所有权和使用权及相关权利．根据中国《宪法》和《水法》规定，水…     

中线南水北调水量分配模式研究

从理论上说明了建立准市场水量分配机制的必要性和可行性。结合政府宏观调控和水市场机制两种配置方式的优势和中线南水北调水量调度的特点,提出了基于准市场的水量分配模式,建立了多目标优化模型。     

推进江西省水权水市场创新实践的思考

推进水权水市场改革是解决水资源供需矛盾、实现水资源节约集约利用的重要措施，也是贯彻落实节水优先方针、推动水利高质量发展的重要举措。本文通过分析江西省水权水市场改革历程和实践现状，理清当前存在的问题，从明晰用水户水权、完善水权水市场制度体系、加强水权交易市场主体培育、探索多种模式的水权交易等方面，提出了新阶段江西省水权水市场改革的对策建议，为今后江西省持续推进水权交易、健康发展水市场提供重要参考。     

水市场的博弈分析

本文应用博弈论研究了水资源管理部门如何利用初始水权分配和水资源费对水市场进行有效的宏观调控,以实现水资源的优化配置。分析了市场经济条件下以水权和水市场为基础的水资源配置的过程。根据用水者在水市场上的行为特征,建立了以水资源总效益最大化为目标的两阶段动态博弈模型。给出了求解子博弈精炼纳什均衡条件下市场参与者的行动策略方法,从而得出管理机构相应的最优初始水权分配方案和水资源费率方案,并用算例阐明了建模的思路与方法。     

交易成本对水权市场的影响分析

为研究交易成本对水权市场的影响,建立了一个理想的水权市场模型,在此基础上弱化条件引入交易成本因素,分别考察了固定交易成本和变动交易成本在水权交易中的作用,并探讨了在边际交易成本不变、递增和递减3种情况下,初始水权变化对均衡结果的影响。结果表明,交易成本直接降低了交易的收益,并且可以减少交易总数。其中变动交易成本还会使均衡结果发生变化,进一步降低交易量。边际交易成本为常数时,增加买方的初始水权不会影响水权市场的均衡结果,但当边际交易成本递增或递减时分别会使新的均衡点接近或远离理想均衡。     

水权制度与水资源优化配置

通过对国外水权交易制度的研究,发现其值得我们借鉴的方面:水资源管理私有化、水权交易市场发展完善、中介发挥重要作用、重视水环境保护。建立水权交易制度必将对我国的水资源优化配置产生重要作用,具体表现在:明晰水权是水资源管理的根本、水权制度将促进用水者节约用水、借助水价调节水资源配置、推动水市场交易机制的建立及变革水资源管理体制等。     

关于培育水权交易市场的思考和建议

建立和健全水权交易市场是利用市场机制优化配置水资源的重要途径。在对我国水权交易市场的现状和面临的障碍进行分析的基础上,对水权交易市场的性质和要素、水权交易主体培育、扩大可交易水权、搭建水权交易平台、建立市场规则体系等水权交易市场建设的关键问题进行深入研究,并提出了在水权试点中积极探索水权交易市场培育的方式方法、推进水权交易市场法规建设、加强基础工作等方面的对策建议。     

Estimating Water Rights Demand and Supply: Are Non-market Factors Important?

Water rights demand and supply in the upper Maipo river basin (Metropolitan Region of Chile) are estimated for the period July 1998 to June 2003, as well as a reduced form model for the equilibrium water rights price based on supply and demand determinants, as well as characteristics of the participating agents such as the economic sector of each agent and their individual market experience. Results show that the main participants in the market are both agriculture and real estate sectors (developers); agriculture buying 57 % and selling 68 % of transactions. The estimated supply and demand system shows that market forces indeed drive market water right prices. Demand is inelastic to price while supply is highly elastic. Furthermore, supplied and demanded water rights quantities are functions of water right price as well as the economic sector of buyer and sellers, sectoral profits, and geographic location of the water right. Additionally, the agent’s previous water rights market-experience is an important determinant of water rights demands and supply.     

可交易水权改革若干问题的思考

从水权制度变迁理论分析入手,认定水权制度的改革不仅是一个简单的资源配置或生产力布局问题,更是涉及制度建设和一个国家管理体制的演化的问题。通过对已建立可交易水权为基础的水权制度改革作进一步探讨,提出了建立“准市场”和“地方政治民主协商”机制、构建合约化的水权交易市场、加快水权市场的布设与推广等相应的建议。     

西北干旱区城市水权交易机制构想

提出了利用水资源总量核实、可交易水资源量确定、初始水权分配、水权交易市场建立和生态环境用水保证5个基本环节构建西北干旱区城市水权交易机制的设想。通过各种制度措施的完善,利用水权价格杠杆刺激各用水主体节约用水,在市场中获得更多的生态环境用水,保护西北干旱区的生态环境,实现经济、社会、生态环境的可持续发展。     

可交易水权制度构建探析——以澳大利亚水权制度改革为例

以澳大利亚水权制度改革为例,探析了可交易水权制度的构建。认为:澳大利亚可交易水权基本制度框架的缺陷是忽视了水权交易中的外部性问题;我国可交易水权制度的构建应以市场机制和协商机制弥补区域水权在排他性上的缺失,并制定取水权优先规则和取水权征收补偿制度。     

宁夏引黄灌区不同型式衬砌渠道水权转换价格计算探讨

分别对宁夏引黄灌区干、支、斗渠单位长度的渗漏量公式和渠道的可转换水权进行分析,并提出宁夏引黄灌区渠道工程可转换水权计算公式。对黄河水权转换工程的费用构成进行分析,当水权转换年限为25年时,得到宁夏引黄灌区水权转换价格计算公式,选取典型的渠道运用价格计算公式计算不同衬砌型式的水权转换价格,从干渠到斗渠水权转换价格不断提高。     

黄河可转让水权实施范围探讨

根据水权水市场理论,构建了黄河水权体系,在此基础上提出黄河可转换水权的定义、内涵及其实施范围。针对黄河流域农业用水效率低及“水少沙多”的特点,提出黄河流域未来可转换水权的实施范围,包括省份之间水权转换、灌区节水水权转换、水土保持水权转换和农业用水户之间水权转换。     

广东省水权交易制度研究与设计

水权交易制度建设是新形势下广东省水资源管理适应市场经济体制深化改革、增强社会各界节水意识、优化配置水资源的必行之路。通过开展广东省水权交易制度研究,鲜明地提出了包括可交易水权的定义与内涵,水权交易需要具备水权明晰、计量准确、价值可估三个基本条件,水权交易可分为政府储备水权竞争性配置、区域之间交易、用水户之间交易三种交易类型,以及需要建设水权交易法规、管理、技术论证和交易市场四大配套体系等符合广东省省情和水情现状的"一三三四"省级水权交易制度的顶层设计框架,为广东省水权交易制度建设和水市场培育提供重要的理论依据和指导方向。     

Water Right Institution and Strategies of the Yellow River Valley

With the rapid economic and social development in China, pressure on water resources in the Yellow River is becoming more and more prominent. For the sustainable social, economic and agricultural development in the Yellow River valley, it is imperative to create the perfect water right institution, which plays a key role in improving the efficiency, equity and sustainability of water use. This article analyzes the problems with the water right institution of the Yellow River valley, which includes unclear definition of water right, ineffective allocation mechanism, low water price, and water pollution. Correspondingly, some measures need taking in order to address these challenges. First of all, the water right, especially tradable water right should be well defined. In the article, water right is defined as a series of water management capabilities and use requirements. Then, water right allocation system should be built up, including examining and approving water usufruct, the paid transfer, and the paid utilization of water right. In the end, based on the well defined tradable water right and the well developed water right allocation system, water right market should be developed, which will promote the transfer to the highest valued water uses. When the water right trade happens, the water right price should be fixed in certain situation. On one hand, the water right price should be raised; on the other hand, the water right price should be determined according to a two-part water price system. Of course, market should not be the only role in the water right institution. The authorities should also be necessarily responsible for water right organizations, which make proper water right law, policy and regulations that assist the smooth going of water right market. There are some other measures for the yellow river, such as a water booklet should be recorded for mastering the detailed situation of water resources in the Valley; the South-to-North Water Diversion Project should be accelerated in order to alleviate the water scarcity. All the above measures will do good to resolve the problems of water resources of the Yellow River valley when they are correctly taken.     

Chilean Water Policy: The Role of Water Rights,Institutions and Markets

Allocation of water through markets in tradable water rights in Chile has fostered efficient use of water; facilitated a shift to high-value crops which use less water per unit value of output; has given farmers greater flexibility to shift cropping patterns according to market demand through the purchase, rent and lease of water; and induced im proved efficiency in urban water and sewage services. In addition, the Chilean water policy, by reducing huge con struction and operations and maintenance subsidies to better-off farmers and urban water consumers, has freed-up public resources that have been utilized to provide direct and transparent targeted subsidies for poor urban water users and small farmers. This paper discusses the political and economic environment that facilitated the establishment of the new water policy, and describes the characteristics of tradable water rights in Chile and the legal and institutional basis for enforcing them.