混流式水轮机全流道三维定常湍流数值计算

基于标准k-ε双方程湍流模型和三维时均N-S方程,进行了混流式水轮机全流道的三维定常湍流计算.捕捉到了水轮机各过流部件内的流场和尾水管内的涡旋结构等流动信息.结果表明,水轮机的全流道CFD分析能够较为准确地预测出水轮机过流部件内的性能参数及内部流场结构,所得到的结果对进行水轮机的水力设计或改型优化设计等研究具有重要的指导意义.     

水轮机长短叶片转轮三维数值模拟

基于Standard k-ε双方程湍流模型和三维时均N-S方程,进行了混流式水轮机HLA351长短叶片转轮流场的三维湍流数值模拟研究,获得了流道的流速和压强分布.计算结果表明:和常规转轮相比,长短叶片结合的转轮流态较好,流速和压强分布合理,水轮机的全流道CFD分析能够较为准确地预测出水轮机过流部件内的性能参数及内部流场结构.     

基于性能预测的水轮机水力优化设计

本文分析水轮机过流部件内的三维流动特点及现行的水力设计方法存在的问题，提出了在采用传统的过流部件水力设计进行流道初步设计后，考虑各过流部件耦合作用关系，对整个流道进行三维粘性流动计算分析及性能预测，以流场数值模拟取代模型试验，修改完善设计的水力优化设计思想和方法。以某混流式水轮机设计为例，给出性能预测和部分优化设计结果，证明文中提出的思想和方法是切实可行的。     

混流水轮机导叶出口流场的压力 脉动数值分析

利用三坐标测量仪及相应测绘方法对HL160-LJ-25模型水轮机过流部件进行了测量,得到过流表面数据,构建了水轮机各个部件的几何模型;采用CFD及其滑移网格技术,对模型水轮机整机内部流动进行了三维定常和非定常湍流计算,重点研究了导叶出口与转轮进口之间的动静干扰影响下的流场特点,从空间和时间两个方面分别提取压强变化信息,分析得知该区域内压强的变化在空间和时间上均呈现周期性变化规律。分析结果对改善水轮机性能具有重要的指导意义。     

水轮机过流部件的磨蚀与表面防护

水轮机过流部件的磨蚀严重影响机组的稳定,甚至威胁整个电网的安全运行,解决水轮机过流部件的磨蚀问题日益迫切.介绍了水轮机过流部件的磨蚀特征、磨损机理以及表面防护措施.     

HL741水轮机增容改造及数值模拟研究

根据古浪堤电站HL741水轮机增容改造的需求,对诸多较优模型转轮的分析对比后,拟定选用HLA232叶片并稍加改型,同时为增大过流能力解决汛期转轮流道易堵塞的问题,最终决定采用在此基础上减少一个叶片后制造新转轮的方案对原水轮机进行改造。借助数值试验平台对改造前后的水轮机进行全流道三维流场数值计算及性能预测,分析计算结果并给出了水轮机改造前后的水动力学特性差异。改造后水轮机蜗壳及导水部件内流动与改造前差异很小,水力性能没有下降;转轮叶片中水流的流态分布合理,空蚀性能提升;尾水管中水流平稳顺畅。在以后的改造工程中可用HLA232转轮经适当修型以匹配原转轮室结构后替代HL741转轮。     

轴流式水轮机转轮内三维紊流场预测

转轮是水轮机中影响机组特性的一个重要部件．研究水轮机转轮内三维素流场的流动特性对于提高水轮机组的特性及效率具有重要的意义．本文基于N-S方程和标准的κ-ε紊流模型，采用SIMPLEC算法，数值模拟了轴流式水轮机转轮内的三维紊流场，同时讨论了其收效性和准确性．轴流式水轮机转轮内的三维紊流场数值模拟结果有助于提高轴流式水轮机的水力设计、性能分析和优化设计的水平．     

三峡左岸电站水轮机过流部件磨蚀初析

河流泥沙对水轮机过流部件具有较大的磨损,介绍了三峡左岸水轮发电机组在上游水位135 m及156 m下水轮机过流部件的磨蚀情况,并从泥沙磨损、气蚀破坏等方面初步分析了水轮机过流部件磨蚀破坏的原因,结合上述原因提出了减轻水轮机过流部件磨蚀破坏的预防措施,这对三峡上游蓄水175 m后机组稳定运行具有重要的意义。通过检测与分析,认为单从泥沙磨损方面说对机组过流部件的影响并不严重,但泥沙磨损往往和空蚀联合作用,容易加速过流部件表面的破坏进程。     

水轮机过流部件磨蚀问题的研究与防护

针对我国高含沙水流中运行的水轮机组的过流部件的磨蚀这个长期存在的疑难问题，开展研究工作，在分析水轮机过流部件泥沙磨损、空化破坏各自的磨损机理、特点、影响因素、预测模型等的基础上，总结出水轮机过流部件的磨蚀主要是泥沙磨损、空化破坏及它们的联合作用，提出水轮机过流部件磨蚀的主要防护措施，为最终解决水轮机过流部件磨蚀问题提供了理论依据。图6幅，表1个。     

双溪水电站水轮机抗磨蚀改造

泥沙磨蚀和腐蚀性水流联合作用于水轮机过流部件,是造成双溪水电站水轮机磨蚀严重的主要原因。针对这些原因,提出水轮机抗磨蚀的方案,再对水轮机过流部件进行了相应的抗磨蚀改造,最终提高了水轮机过流部件的抗磨蚀性能,延长了机组停机检修周期。图7幅。     

Hydrologically Based Environmental Flow Methods Applied to Rivers in the Maritime Provinces (Canada)

The demand for water withdrawal continues to increase worldwide. These water withdrawals from rivers can affect fish habitat and aquatic life. As such, environmental flow assessment methods are used in order to protect rivers against excessive water withdrawals. The concept of environmental flow relates to the quantity of water required in rivers to sustain an acceptable level of living conditions for aquatic biota at various phases of their development. For many agencies, environmental flow methods are essential in environmental impact assessments and in the protection of important fisheries resources. The present study deals with the evaluation of hydrologically based environmental flow methods within the Maritime Province of Canada. In total, six hydrologically based environmental flow methods were compared using data from 52 hydrometric stations across the region. Some methods provided adequate environmental flow protection (e.g. 25% mean annual flow and Q₅₀ flow duration method); however, other methods did not provide adequate flow protection (e.g. Q₉₀ flow duration method and 7Q10 and 7Q2 low‐flow frequency). The 70% Q₅₀ method provided adequate flow protection only under good baseflow conditions and should be applied with extreme caution. The present study shows the importance of the hydrologic flow regime, particularly as it pertains to the baseflow component, as a significant determinant in the level of instream flow protection. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. River Research and Applications © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of the ‘natural flow paradigm’ in a New Zealand context

The natural flow paradigm (NFP) emphasizes the need to partially or fully maintain or restore the range of natural intra‐ and interannual variation of hydrologic regimes to protect native biodiversity and the evolutionary potential of aquatic, riparian and wetland ecosystems. Based on our studies of natural and managed flow regimes in New Zealand, we do not believe that all components of the natural flow regime are necessary to achieve the objectives of the NFP, either partially or fully, because many aquatic species have very flexible niches and life‐history requirements (i.e. there is ‘ecological redundancy’). Obviously, maintaining the natural flow regime will maintain the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions necessary for sustaining natural ecosystems. However, if there is adequate knowledge of what ‘values’ need to be maintained in a waterway, and the aspects of the flow regime that are required to maintain those values are also known, then regimes can be designed that target these requirements and thus optimize conditions for the ‘values’. We believe that an assessment of ecosystem requirements using information on river processes together with habitat requirements and life‐history strategies of biota can achieve the best balance between resource use and sustaining ecosystem function and value, and show examples where changes to natural flow regimes have maintained, or even improved, instream values in some New Zealand rivers. We caution that simple flow‐based rules, such as those that might be developed under the NFP, could be unnecessarily restrictive on multiple use of water in New Zealand while, at the same time, preclude the opportunity for enhancement of key ecosystem values in many waterways. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AN APPROACH IN MODELING TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARTIALLY CAVITATING FLOW

1. INTRODUCTIONCavitation is a phenomenon that widely occurs in liquids. When the flow leads to the local pressure below the saturation vapor pressure of water (the fluid medium, in our research), usually incipient cavitation firstly occurs on the solid b…     

台阶式溢流坝中小流量流态改善方式研究

台阶式溢流坝有显著的掺气效果和消能效果,目前在中小型工程中广泛应用。但是台阶式溢流坝在小流量浅水深的工况下,坝面上流态较差,呈现跌流或者过渡流态,容易形成水翅和水流跃离现象。为了解决上述问题,本文结合某工程通过水工模型试验研究对台阶起始端的体型进行优化,结果表明优化方案能够很好地改善较小流量时的过渡流态。     

中小型泄水工程利用附着混合流消能问题的探讨

本文介绍了混合流的概念，结合某一中型水库的试验，观测了混合流在抬高尾水时的下游流态。流速分布的变化规律以及对消能效果的影响。从而说明了低水头泄洪建筑物利用挑流消能有更多的可能性。     

均匀来流中振动圆柱尾迹涡结构的数值研究

本文从涡量流函数形式的N-S方程出发,对于不同的振动频率、振幅,首次数值研究了均匀来流中沿任意方向(参见图1,0°相似文献   

ON THE CALCULATION OF FLOW OVER AND THROUGH A ROCK-FILL DAM

1.INTRODUCTIONInthedesignofanovertoppedrock--filldam,oneofthemajortasksistodecidethesizeofthedownstreamprotection.Theovertoppedrock--filldamismadeofporousmedia,thereforethewaterwillpenetrateintothedamfromtheupperfaceandemergeoutofitfromthelowerpart,whileitflowsoverthedam.Hence,theprotectionissubjectedtotheactionofboththeoverflowandtheseepageflow,andneitherofthemcanbenegligible.Inthiscase,theflowfieldconsistsoftwoparts:theopenflowandtheseepageflow,whichhavedifferentproperties.Infact,forthe…     

直槽流动失稳过程数值模拟的可视化

本文利用计算机可视化的方法对直槽流动的数值模拟结果进行了处理，得到了若干组显示涡量场和涡管运动变化的计算机动画，通过对这些直观的动画进行分析，发现了直槽流动失稳的一些现象，对于流动稳定性的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

低含沙水流运动特性综述

本文着重综述了清水水流、挟沙水流的流速分布动特性、能量间分配关系等流动现象的内部规律，并系统分析比较了它们的异同，文中还兼论了卡门常数。