Progress in Pakistan

The government of Pakistan has announced a new hydro power policy which aims to meet the future electricity demands of the country at reasonable rated. The Ministry of Water Power Resources has organised a committee to prepare its recommendations for the new policy.The committee will also identify new projects.     

Small Hydropower in Nigeria

Nigeria is the most populaous black nation in the world. It has an area of 913,072 square kilometres. The country population is about 120 million. There are three major languages, Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo, although there is still more than 380 dialects in local languages. There are large number of household on the African continent that are unelectrified.In Nigeria about 70 million people remain literally in the dark without access to electricity. The majority of these numbers are in the rural areas. This workshop is apt in a number of ways. It is a joint effort between government, private sector, the academic and other practitioners in small hydro power station, it is also a promotion of business and industrial activities as well as development of renewable energy resources. I wish to commend the organizers of this workshop. The focus of the workshop is relevant to the agenda of the Federal Ministry of Power and Steel and aspirations of the Federal Government of Nigeria to provide regular and steady electricity to majority of Nigerians before the end of year 2001.     

Lost in transition? The introduction of water users associations in Uzbekistan

A “policy as process” perspective is adopted to analyze the early period of water users associations (WUAs) in Uzbekistan (2000–2006). The article is based on extensive fieldwork (in 2005–2006) and analysis of policy and other relevant documents. It is shown that WUAs have a role and logic beyond water management and are used by the state as instruments with which to monitor and regulate “state-ordered” agricultural production. Through a state-centric policy process with room for local experimentation, the WUA was fit into the socio-political landscape of continued state control and the increased role of individualized risks and benefits.     

SHP-based Rural Electrification in China

Since 1980 when the contract system of responsibility was widely adopted in China‘s rural areas, the economic situation there has changed remarkably. With the development of the economy, improvement in living standards and the emergence of township enterprises, the demand for electricity has increased greatly, and the     

Hydropeaking in small hydropower in Norway—Compliance with license conditions?

Hydropeaking involves rapid changes in water flow, causing negative effects on aquatic organisms. To reduce these effects, hydropower licenses contain restrictions on hydropeaking. The owners of a hydropower plant are obliged to follow the requirements in the license. This study was conducted to understand the effect of environmental policies in small hydro licenses. We studied the occurrence of hydropeaking by analysing 256 high‐head, small Norwegian hydropower plants in relation to a set of characteristics that define each plant. We selected plants that were online during 2005–2014 and chose 2015 as a year for hourly production patterns. We counted the number of starts, that is, the moment when the hydro facility starts to produce energy, as an indicator of hydropeaking. Among the analysed plants, 75.8% had restrictions to practice hydropeaking. Production typically showed daily, weekly, and annual cycles though shapes varied depending on turbine type and location. The number of starts was independent on having or not having a license to practice hydropeaking. The average duration of periods with production and the average production in these periods were higher for plants without restrictions. The number of starts varied widely among plants. The number of starts was lower for installed Pelton turbines than for Francis and Kaplan turbines, which was in agreement with the characteristics of the turbines. Overall, these results show that hydropeaking restrictions given in the licenses are rarely followed. The high number of starts may be explained by failure in the grid system, improper maintenance, and financial interests. Their relative importance should be subject to further investigation.     

Water Consumption in the Kitchen – A Case Study in Four European Countries

As there is a limited availability of information on the domestic water consumption through kitchen taps, data collected in a study on dishwashing habits in four European countries has been analysed to gather common habits in the water end-use of households. This paper provides empirical data based on water consumption measurements in 81 households. With the help of a simultaneous webcam observation of the kitchen sink, it was possible to assign the metered consumption data to a specific water use, such as cleaning, drinking or cooking. Water end-use has been analysed with this approach at a very deep level. The study shows that there are, in some measure, large country-specific differences in diurnal water use, as well as in the composition of kitchen activities. Furthermore, the research findings indicate that small households use much more water per person and day than bigger households. This is rather important as demographic shifts are causing a decreased average household size - particularly in urban areas - and, therewith, a growing demand. Water-saving measures at the household and individual level should meet this trend. This paper, therefore, also provides information on to what extent particular kitchen tasks are influential for water consumption in the kitchen, respectively, which activities are important to concentrate on for consumer advice regarding water conservation.     

Small Hydropower Development in Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe has significant small hydropower potential, particularly in the eastern highlands, along the border with Mozambique. A UNDP sponsored study conducted in 1996 identified 12 potential hydro sites on irrigation dams, and a further 32 run-of-river sites.     

Small Hydropower in Southeast Asia

SHP has been applied in Southeast Asia (SEA) for three decades now. There is a number of existing SHP installations, both of mini and micro scale. However, comparing the current installed capacity to the potential capacity, SEA has yet to fully reap the benefits of SHP.     

Small hydro Power in Burundi

BURUNDI has very good cooperation with CHINA especially in technique and Economy.From 1972, CHINA has promised to construct thefirst national SHP plant on the MUGERE river near Bujumbura (8 MW). In 1982, this SHP began to output electricity.Actually CHINA has accepted to finance the MPANDA SHP project (10.4MW).CHINA has also accepted to build a technical university at Bujumbura to increase technical engineer staff. There is manv other works: health, textile industry, roads construction. This good and effective cooperation has been especially confirmed through the two last regular complete revisions of the MUGERE SHP even if some times the security on the field was disturbed. The last one has been supported by the CHINA Government (more than 400,000 US $). Also, two Chinese staffs assisted by three Burundian operators are going on with preventive and curative maintenance of the equipments of this SHP plant. Burundi geographic in formations and economic situation informations are shown in table 1 and table 2.     

Environmentally Adapted Hydropower in Sweden

Introduction The alteration of watercourses has been extensive in Sweden as well as in other industrialised countries. Since the end of the last century the water table of about 2500 lakes have been lowered in order to reclaim farmland. More than 600 of these have been completely drained. This particular activity came to a halt at the end of the 1950s whereas the ditching of wetlands and dredging and channelisation of watercourses for the benefit of forestry are still ongoing activities. The regulation of rivers for the purpose of meeting differential needs of hydroelectric power commenced in the beginning of this century, At that time, the floating of timber constituted the economically most important profit from exploitation of northern Swedish rivers.     

Small Hydropower Development in Ghana

Introduction The Power Sector in Ghana is vested in the Ministry of Energy which sets out the policy and guidelines for power generation, transmission and distribution for the sector.     

SHP Technical Level in China

SHP seems simpler than big or medium hydro, but it is not simply a“miniature” of large hydropower technology. SHP has its own features. After decades of practice in China, rich experience in SHP technology has been gained, practiced and proven repeatedly. SHP technology has gradually matured, and its features with Chinese characteristics can be summarized as follows。     

Hydropower Development Programming in China

In the light of the speech delivered by Mr.Zhou Dabing,Deputy Manager General of China National Electric Power Corporation,on its hosted “Hydropower Developing Seminar”, during the national “10th Fivc-ynar Plan” and the “Farsight Program to 2015”, the installed capacity of hydropower shall be up to 75GW by 2000,     

Small Hydro Power in Nigeria

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the completion of the training course on SHP, this presentation is made to briefly introduce our representative countries, the availability of SHP in our countries,training experience and possible areas of co-operation in SHP. The importance of SHP projects (to be initiated in our countries) cannot be overemphasized. This renewable approach to power supply is a lucrative and promising future prospect of energy development that deserves a closer attention. As we deliberate along we will discover a few suggestions that would add more flesh to the entire presentation.     

Private Participation in Small Hydropower Development in China——Comparison with International Communities

In recent years, Chinese private investment in SHP (small hydropower) has been booming like mushrooms after rain. Globally,many developing countries have formulated a series of incentive policies to encourage the mobilization of private capital for SHP, but the recent enforcement is far from meeting expectation. This article overviews private enterprises investing in SHP domestically, analyzes similarities and differences between China and international communities, as well as the comparability and mutual referential values, and also explores some approaches for improvement Furthermore, this article presents several particular issues in this respect, with a hope to further promote the sound development of SHP privately financed. Attached here are 2 tables and 2 figures.     

Progress in Sediment Research of TGP

ＳｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｋｅｙｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌｉｓｓｕｅｓｆｏｒＴＧＰ．ＳｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆＴＧＰｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｆｏｒｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ4 0ｙｅａｒｓｓｉｎｃｅ 195 8．Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ，ＹＲＳＲＩｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｗｏｒｋｏｎｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｄａｍｓｉｔｅａｒｅａａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｓｅｒ ｖｏｉｒａｒｅａｈａｖｉｎｇｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌｄｅｓｉｇｎ．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｇｉｖｅｓｂｒｉｅｆｌ…     

Micro hydro demo in the Philippines

The Philippine department of Energy (DOE) has signed a memorandum of agreement with the Japanese government for a P33.SM (USThe Philippine department of Energy (DOE) has signed a memorandum of agreement with the Japanese government for a P33.SM (USThe construction of the Tis Abay II hydro power project in Ethiopia, which is considered to be a key element in Ethiopia‘s power development programme, is nearing completion. It is hoped that the US$63M project, which is funded by the Ethiopian government, will help the country meet its 10-12% annual growth in electricity demand and support the expanding economy.     

Trends in Mysis diluviana abundance in the Great Lakes, 2006–2016

With the large Diporeia declines in lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario, there is concern that a similar decline of Mysis diluviana related to oligotrophication and increased fish predation may occur. Mysis density and biomass were assessed from 2006 to 2016 using samples collected by the Great Lakes National Program Office's biomonitoring program in April and August in all five Great Lakes. Summer densities and biomasses were generally greater than spring values and both increased with bottom depth. There were no significant time trends during these 10–11 years in lakes Ontario, Michigan, or Huron, but there was a significant increase in Lake Superior. Density and biomass were highest in lakes Ontario and Superior, somewhat lower in Lake Michigan, and substantially lower in Lake Huron. A few Mysis were collected in eastern Lake Erie, indicating a small population in the deep basin of that lake. On average, mysids contributed 12–18% (spring-summer, Michigan), 18–14% (spring-summer, Superior), 30–13% (spring-summer, Ontario), and 3% (Huron) of the total open-water crustacean biomass. Size distributions consisted of two peaks, indicating a 2-year life cycle in all four of the deep lakes. Mysis were larger in Lake Ontario than in lakes Michigan, Superior, and Huron. Comparisons with available historic data indicated that mysid densities were higher in the 1960s–1990s (5 times higher in Huron, 2 times higher in Ontario, and around 40% higher in Michigan and Superior) than in 2006–2016.