撑卧式平板钢闸门自振特性研究

采用有限元分析软件ANSYS获取闸门的自振频率和振型模态特性,对撑卧式平板钢闸门流固耦合效应下的模态进行了计算,结果表明:流固耦合对闸门振动特性具有很大影响,并且支撑桁架结构尺寸和形式对流固耦合作用明显.     

弧形闸门自振特性研究

以密云水库第二溢洪道弧门动力问题为背景，考虑禀不对闸门自振特性的影响，采用MSC公司开发的结构计算软件NASTRAN的流固耦合的附加质量数值模型，对该弧门的自振特性进行了分析。通过将该弧门自振频率的有限元计算结果与原型实测值进行对比，验证了有限元计算模型的正确性。同时，还探讨了流固耦合对换闸门自振特性的影响。结果表明，库水对弧形闸门自振频率和振型有显的影响，在弧形闸门设计中，支臂截面特性的选取对弧门的动力特性影响较大。     

葛洲坝二江弧门工作模态测试

水工弧形钢闸门抵御静力作用一般都能满足,但有时在特殊水动力荷载作用下会出现强烈振动而破坏,因此有必要对弧门的动特性有比较清楚的了解。本文先采用理论对弧门动态特性进行了理想条件的计算,利用计算结果对实测方案作指导,再采用工作模态测试方法对在役弧门动态特性进行测量,并将理论计算和实测结果作比较,说明工作模态实际测量的意义。     

溧阳抽水蓄能电站地下厂房结构动力响应分析

以溧阳抽水蓄能电站地下厂房为原型,运用大型有限元计算程序ANSYS建立三维有限元模型,采用模态分析方法分析厂房结构的自振特性,基于谐响应法分别分析地下厂房结构在机组动荷载和水轮机流道脉动压力荷载作用下的动力响应。计算结果表明,各种振源对厂房整体结构的影响不大,在机组振动荷载及脉动压力分别作用下,结构的振幅、振动速度和加速度等均在允许范围内,厂房结构设计合理。     

大型渡槽槽墩动力特性分析

采用通用有限元软件SAP2000对南水北调中线工程中双洎河渡槽薄壁空心墩建立了空间有限元分析模型,研究大型双槽渡槽的动力特性,采用模态分析方法对渡槽墩体前10阶的自振频率与振动模态进行了计算.结果表明:在不考虑槽身和槽内无水、半水、满水4种工况下各阶振型振动的圆频率变小,周期变大;比较空心槽墩4种工况下前10阶自振频率与振动模态,可见结构纵向刚度最小,横向刚度次之,竖向刚度最大.     

三层空间钢架模型模态试验的两种方法对比

为了研究三层空间结构动力性能的,采用单输入多输出的方法对三层空间钢架模型进行模态试验,并应用有限元分析软件ANSYS10.0建立钢架的有限元模型进行模拟模态分析。结果表明,由试验得出该模型的固有频率、振型、阻尼比等动力学参数与数值模拟结果基本一致。试验结果进一步验证了有限元模型分析的正确性。有限元模型能够很好的模拟结构的动力特性,利用数值模拟方法可以不制作实体试验模型就能研究结构的动力特性。     

平面钢闸门自振特性研究

主要用有限元分析软件ANSYS分析的方法，以获取闸门的自振频率和振型模态特性，通过对平面钢闸门采用规范中的附加质量法（单纯的附加质量法），及考虑流固耦合效应下来进行对闸门自振特性的计算，结果表明：附加质量法只对初始频率和初始振型有效，水体高度对结构自振频率的影响呈非线性变化，随着高度的增加附加质量法和考虑流固耦合计算得到的频率相差加大，水体高度的变化对结构的高阶频率影响较低阶频率要显著。虽附加质量法不如考虑流固耦合的计算精确，水位在闸门高度1／2以下时，附加质量法也可以用来计算闸门的自振特性。     

高拱坝地震响应时程分析

采用有限元结合三维粘弹性局部人工边界的动接触地震波动模拟方法建立拱坝一地基一库水的有限元计算模型,研究库水对结构振动频率和振型的影响.并借助APDL语言实现粘弹性人工边界、动水压力及地震波的自动输入模块.对拱坝-地基-库水联合作用下的结构进行抗震计算时程分析.计算结果为优化坝体结构的动力特性和抗震设计提供参考.     

基于ANSYS的护镜门振动特性分析

护镜门作为大孔口跨度的新式闸门,特殊的力学结构导致其振动特性较为复杂。以南京三汊河双孔护镜门为实例,针对闸门在动水中启闭时,闸门振动频率与闸门开度和振型阶数的关系,基于ANSYS模态分析模块,采用广义Westergaard公式模拟流固耦合中的附加质量,对于护镜门的振动特性进行研究。结果表明:在低阶模态时,考虑附加质量法的流固耦合模型基本符合真实工况;闸门有发生共振和动力失稳的风险,需要优化闸门结构和改进启闭机构。文章可为之后护镜门设计和优化提供参考。     

门式启闭机门架结构静、动力学分析

针对某坝顶门式启闭机的门架结构,在大型有限元分析软件ANSYS中建立了有限元模型,并按照水电站启闭机的实际工作过程,选出了几种有代表性的工况,在不同的载荷组合下分析计算其静力学特性,校核了结构的刚度和强度。为了研究门机结构的动力学特性,以振动力学为基础,通过模态分析方法分析了结构的自振特性,得出了比较确切、直观的固有频率和振型。结果表明,该启闭机门架结构安全可行,但有些部位存在应力集中现象,整机自振频率较小,对应力值较大的部位可进行加固,对其结构设计进行适当的优化。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明：MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%~5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。