基于ZigBee无线传感网络的导线接头在线测温系统

基于无线传感网络的基本原理，将新型ZigBee无线自组网通信平台应用于输电线路跳线接头温度在线监测系统。介绍了系统的软硬件平台架构，说明了基于ZigBee技术的接头温度监测节点集群组网的方案和算法，设计了实现可靠、节能及高效的数据传输方法。应用结果表明，ZigBee技术具有自组织性、动态拓扑、网络容量大、以数据为中心等特点，在电气设备在线监测中具有独特的应用优势。个域网     

基于光传感技术的特高压直流输电线路污秽度在线监测

为研究特高压直流输电线路积污特性,准确设计线路绝缘配置。本文研究了光传感技术测量输电线路绝缘子盐密的方法,设计制作了输电线路盐密在线监测系统。该系统由安装于线路杆塔的数据检测终端(ODU)以及监测中心组成,可实时监测终端所在环境下的气象参数和污秽度,方便工作人员了解线路积污情况。±800 kV楚穗直流输电工程已安装三套数据检测终端,分布在广州、南宁、曲靖三地。分析监测数据可知:气温、湿度受经纬度影响,其中纬度相同的地区气温、湿度大体一致;线路绝缘子污秽度一定程度上受气温、湿度的影响。     

三维GIS技术在输电线路状态监测中的研究与应用

实施输电线路状态在线监测是保证线路安全、可靠供电主要措施之一,文章介绍了输电线路状态在线监测系统的建设方法,应用三维GIS技术实现了线路走廊可视化,并且应用模型简化技术、渐进式编码与流传输技术、空间粒子系统技术等实现了监测设备和监测数据的三维可视化,最后提出了在线监测数据的空间分析模型。     

GPRS技术在水情自动测报系统中的应用

针对水情信息传输对数据传输实时性、周期性的要求,以及系统数据传输量小的特点,介绍了一种基于GPRS技术的水情信息传输系统.设计了由数据采集,传输和接收三部分组成的水情监测系统(以下简称系统).系统通过Internet实现与GPRS网络的连接,从而实现对水情数据的采集,实际应用证明该系统具有永远在线、经济适用、传输速率快、组网简单及易于扩展等优点.     

GPRS技术在水情信息传输中的应用

对水情信息传输对数据传输实时性、周期性的要求，以及系统数据传输量小的特点，介绍了一种基于GPRS技术的水情信息传输系统。设计了由数据采集、传输和接收等3部分组成的水、雨情监测系统（以下简称系统）。系统通过Internet实现与GPRS网络的连接，从而实现对水雨情数据的采集。实际应用证明该系统具有永远在线、经济适用、传输速率快、组网简单及易于扩展等优点。     

高压输电线路的基础选型及优化

随着我国改革开放的不断深入和现代化发展的不断加快,企业和居民用电量不断增加,这使得我国高压输电线不仅数量上不断增加,高压输电线的截面也不断增大,这对我国高压输电线路的基础建设提出了更高的要求。据有关数据统计,高压输电线基础工程的建设造价约占总工程的1/3,工期约占一半,基础材料运输量更是超过了一半。所以从各方面来说,高压输电线路基础工程建设在整个高压输电线路工程中都具有举足轻重的地位。高压输电线路基础是输电线路的根本,它的质量的好坏直接影响到整个高压输电网络的稳定性和传输效率。因此在高压输电线路建设时,对地基基础的合理选择和优化,是保证整个高压输电网络使用安全、缩短工期和优化投资的重要环节。本文将对高压输电线基础类型进行一些比较,针对不同情况选出适合的类型,并就一些高压输电线路基础问题提出优化建议。     

水轮发电机组运行参数在线监测系统开发

结合乌溪江水力发电总厂湖南镇电站现状设计,开发了水轮发电机组运行参数在线监测系统.该系统主要包括数据采集、状态监测及通讯3部分,除了可对水轮发电机组运行参数进行在线监测外,还能进行机组效率试验和甩负荷试验.整个系统具有实时性强、运行可靠等特点.     

HM9000 水电机组远程在线监测分析系统的设计与开发

结合水电厂实际需求,针对水电机组的特点,从开发者的角度详细描述了HM9000水电机组远程在线监测综合分析系统的设计原理、系统结构、软件功能,并对其重点功能模块的开发难点,如本地与网络监测结合模式、数据保存和传输的自适应监测等方面,进行深入分析研究,给出较好的解决方案,最终保证HM9000具有良好的人机界面和强大的分析处理功能,通过该系统对机组运行状态的长期监测分析,能为电厂积累机组运行特征数据,为电厂由计划检修向状态检修过渡创造条件.     

基于力学测量的架空输电线路覆冰监测系统

对输电线路覆冰载荷进行了力学分析，讨论了覆冰厚度的计算方法。开发了基于架空输电线路轴向张力、二维倾角和风速风向、温湿度等气象信息测量的覆冰监测系统。利用全球移动通信系统（GSM）/通用分组无线电业务（GPRS）网络，线路监测终端与中心监控主站进行数据传输，由主站专家系统软件利用相关覆冰理论模型分析导线覆冰状况，及时给出除冰信息，有效预防冰害事故发生。     

原水在线监测与GPRS数据传输系统

以北方某城市的水源水质监测为对象 ,开发建成了原水水质在线监测与GPRS数据传输系统 ,该系统主要由取样系统、FieldPoint硬件及LabView平台开发软件组成的数据采集系统、GPRS数据传输网络以及数据采集与处理显示系统组成。定时上线功能的MODEM保证网络联接 ,数据套接技术实现数据网上高速传输 ,自主开发的软件实现监测数据的实时显示、历史值查询、变化曲线生成等功能     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. II. Distribution and abundance of trichoptera

River regulation in the headwaters and middle reaches of the Gunnison River, Colorado, significantly altered distributions and abundances of Trichoptera fauna. Twenty-five species were collected from mainstream samples, with the greatest species richness occurring at an unregulated, rhithron segment above the central reach dams. At sites immediately below the three hypolimnial-release dams and a reregulation dam, species richness was reduced 35–90 per cent and abundance > 95 per cent. Net-spinning caddisflies were the dominant trichopterans at unregulated sites; Arctopsyche grandis in the upper reaches (218 organisms, 586 mg dry mass m^?2) and Hydropsyche cockerelli, H. occidentalis and Cheumatopsyche pettiti in the lower river (9041 total organisms, 6621 mg m^?2), downstream from the last dam. The observed distributional pattern of low trichopteran densities in dam tailwaters and high hydropsychid densities at sites 60–80 km below the central reach dams is a classic expression of continuum resets and adjustments in response to stream regulation as predicted by the Serial Discontinuity Concept.     

Surveying for Water Resources

Abstract

A professional Land Surveyor (Geomatician) describes the Hydrogeologists' survey requirements of a major water resources assessment for the government of The Sultanate of Oman (1992 to 1996). The need for objective specifications is stated. Specialist terms like geoid, spheroid, Mean Sea Level are explained and how to relate spheroidal levels to the geoid. Methods like traditional survey, satellite survey, and photogrammetry are introduced. The paper encourages coordinated working for the benefit of water resource assessment and recommends employment of the professional land surveyor for major studies.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

The Impact of Economic Development on Water Pollution: Trends and Policy Actions in Malaysia

The paper examines the impact of development activities on water pollution in Malaysia. Hence, the main objective of this paper is not just to examine the trends of development-induced water pollution around the region of the country but to know where the problems are and the policy measures taken by the government. It evaluates the probable causative relationship between problems introduced due to technology employed in water pollution control and governmental policy measures. It examines the relationship between development indicators as sources of pollution and polluted rivers over a period of 12 years. The findings of the paper have shown that despite the policy enforcement actions against the identified sources of water pollution, all the three development indicators (chosen based on those identified sources) still accounted for high percentage of river pollution in Malaysia. The findings of the paper were used to identify the central fact of the location of the problem. Some crucial conclusions of where the problems likely to be, as reflected in the findings, are: (a) the issue of interactive-effects between pollutants that many policy-makers are not aware of. This is when policy measures concentrate only on one source of water pollution; (b) the enforcement strength and/or effectiveness of policy measures themselves; (c) financial constraints to invest in appropriate technology especially sewerage systems for controlling human source of water pollution in the country; as well as those confronting small polluting industries (d) finally, lack of cooperation between government and private business firms to comply with regulatory policies for water pollution control.     

浅淡溢洪道改扩建方案与选择

溢洪道改扩建和进行溢洪道方案布置，要择优选取溢洪道进口型式、防冲消能工，以使其工程量省、施工快、运行管理方便     

Intangible Flood Damage Quantification

Flooding is a natural disaster that may cause tremendous tangibleand intangible damage to the national economy. The tangible damage assessment, i.e. the monetary value of all direct and indirect physical damages, has already been studied, whileintangible damages have not yet been taken into account. Thisarticle, therefore, is the first systematic attempt to assess bothtangible and intangible damages. The new proposed Anxiety-Productivity and Income Interrelationgship Approach (API) has been developed to quantify the intangible damage in monetary terms. The Bangkok area has been selected as the research area because several severe flood events have occurredthere over the last two decades. The 1983 Bangkok flood caused 6600 million baht in damage, according to estimates by the National Statistical Office (NSO). This article examines the totalflood damage (including the intangible damage) at different flood magnitudes. Case studies with and without flood mitigation projects are studied and compared. Furthermore, thisarticle also discusses the improvements over the conventional approach offered by the new API methodology.