状态监测系统在机组启动试运行中的应用

水电机组的状态监测及故障诊断系统能及时发现水轮发电机组运行的不良状况并进行事故预警，故利用信息技术实现水电机组的状态监测和故障诊断是提高水电厂经济效益和安全运行的重要技术保证。本文简述了水电厂设备状态监测的基本技术原理，并以机组启动试运行为例叙述了发变组状态监测及故障诊断系统在贵州东风发电厂的成功应用和取得的成效。     

水电机组状态监测系统的设计及应用探讨

针对水电厂目前普遍开展的状态监测工作,从状态监测系统的目标、设计、配置原则、系统功能、实施过程中的质量控制及运行维护等方面进行了探讨,阐述了水电机组开展状态监测应注意的若干问题。     

安康水电厂水轮发电机组状态监测与诊断系统

结合安康水电厂机组状态监测与诊断系统的研究开发，介绍了水轮机组状态监测与诊断系统的软硬件结构、传感器配置、系统功能及特点，为实现水轮发电机组的状态分析提供了技术手段。     

iSMA2000一体化状态监测及趋势分析系统

针对水电厂状态监测及分析系统现状,结合最新研究项目,分析一体化状态监测及趋势分析系统研发背景,探讨发展趋势及应用前景。介绍iSMA2000一体化状态监测及趋势分析系统主要功能及其在水电厂应用的现实意义。     

梯级水电厂远程集控系统中状态监测子系统规划与研制

提出了利用梯级水电厂远程集中监控系统提供的海量数据源实现水电厂远程状态监测与故障诊断的思路,规划了水电厂设备远程状态监测的主要功能,建立了状态监测子系统,设计了相应硬件与软件平台,目前,该子系统部分功能已经在五凌电力有限公司投入试运行,成功诊断出电厂故障,取得良好的效果。     

智能水电厂主设备状态监测建模分析

本文首先介绍了IEC61850标准和智能水电厂的基本概念,接着讨论了IEC61850的数据模型层次和服务模型分类,然后分析了水电厂主设备状态监测系统结构,最后依据智能水电厂公共信息模型技术要求建立了系统数据模型.通过对智能水电厂主设备状态监测系统进行建模,可以实现设备和系统的互操作性,实现信息的高度集成和共享.     

周宁水电站状态监测方案探讨

0　引言近年来 ,我国水电厂状态检修工作已提上议事日程。 1 998年 1 0月 ,中国电力企业协会组织召开了“水电厂机组检修改革工作会议”,通过了我国应逐步废除计划检修、尽快实行状态检修的倡议 ;2 0 0 0年 1 0月 ,国家电力公司发输电运营部和水规总院联合在北京召开了“水电厂在线监测、状态检修工作研讨会”;2 0 0 1年 4月和 7月 ,全国水电厂自动化技术信息网分别在大连和十三陵蓄能电厂召开了“水电厂状态监测与状态检修学术交流会”及相应的研讨会 ;2 0 0 1年 1 1月 ,国家电力公司颁布发输电发[2 0 0 1 ]1 61号文 (《关于开展水电厂状态…     

水电厂无线传感器网络应用技术探讨

在水电厂自动化生产过程中,为了保证设备工作在正常状态或最佳状态,需要各种传感器监视和控制生产过程中的各个参数,因此优良的传感器是现代化生产的基础。随着物联网时代的来临,无线传感器网络应用具有非常广阔的前景,将无线传感器网络应用到水电厂设备监测中是未来水电厂自动化监控系统和设备状态监测、故障诊断的发展趋势。本文着重从无线传输组网、无线供电技术等方面,探讨无线传感器在水电厂特殊使用环境中的应用。     

GMH550测振测摆系统在株溪口水电厂的实践与应用

就株溪口水电厂状态监测系统实际改造和使用情况,对状态监测系统在水电厂的实践与应用进行了详细的分析与总结,为发电厂状态监测系统对水力机组的正常运行及故障判断分析提供了宝贵的数据支撑,并为以后更好的在流域电厂应用和推广打下了一定的基础。     

水电厂在线监测分析诊断与状态检修决策评估应用研究

介绍了水电设备检修方式的发展历程,阐述了水电厂状态检修技术体系的组成,并以此为基础重点探讨水电厂在线监测分析诊断与状态检修辅助决策的发展方向,提出了其建设目标、实现思路、系统内涵、体系架构、业务功能模块及其与电厂统一数据中心的相互关系,为水电厂发变电主设备在线监测与状态检修辅助决策评估应用工作的展开阐明了一条切实可行的技术实施路线。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。