长白山地区不同海拔人参挥发油含量及其成分变化规律

[目的]分析海拔高度对长白山地区人参挥发油含量及其成分变化的影响及规律.[方法]采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取人参中的挥发油,用归一化法测定各组分的体积分数,并采取气质联用(GC-MS)对挥发油中单体成分进行鉴定及含量测定.[结果]生长于不同海拔的4年生人参中挥发油的含量及其成分有显著差别.[结论]海拔高度对于人参挥发油的含量及其成分均有一定的影响,人参挥发油的含量随海拔的升高而增加.     

南疆冬枣的营养及挥发性成分分析

[目的]客观揭示南疆地区鲜食冬枣的品质.[方法]采用HPLC、GC-MS等方法对冬枣的营养及挥发性成分进行分析.[结果]冬枣含有V<,c>含量(161.859 3±13.509 2)mg/100 g鲜枣,总糖(55.384 5±2.539 2)%.总酸(1.384 7±0.115 5)%,粗脂肪(4.275±0.191)%,cAMP(0.228±0.020)mg/g,检出15种氨基酸(包含6种必需氨基酸).挥发性成分中鉴定出40种化合物.其主要成分为酯类、烷烃类、醇类和胺类.[结论]冬枣是一种有较高营养价值的水果.     

热脱附、固相微萃取、同时蒸馏萃取对牛肉香精呈香组分提取效果的比较研究

采用热脱附、固相微萃取、同时蒸馏萃取三种不同前处理方法对牛肉香精挥发性风味成分进行提取,利用气质联用仪分析,比较3种方法对提取物种类及提取量的差别.结果显示,3种方法对提取组分的选择性各不相同,如需全面了解样品的香气构成且实验时间允许,应以多种方法综合使用,相互补充.     

叶水蜡树鲜花挥发油成分分析

[目的]研究小叶水蜡树鲜花挥发油成分,为小叶水蜡树的开发利用提供科学依据.[方法]采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其成分进行分析和鉴定.[结果]在小叶水蜡树鲜花挥发油中共鉴定了28种成分,其主要成分为壬醛(14.24%)、正二十烷(10.21%)、芳樟醇(9.26%)、壬烷(8.46%)、二十二烷(8.06%)、丁香酚(6.74%)、苯乙醇(5.39%)和顺-9-二十三烯(5.25%)等.[结论]试验分析的小叶水蜡树鲜花挥发油主要化学成分与文献有一定差异,这可能与提取方法、色谱柱的选择以及植物在生物合成过程中受到的一些生物酶与环境因素的影响有关.     

贵州黔北地区白苞篙挥发油成分分析

[目的]分析黔北地区白苞蒿挥发油化学成分.[方法]采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发黔北地区白苞蒿挥发油;采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其挥发油成分进行分析.[结果]从黔北地区白苞蒿挥发油中分离并鉴定出64种化合物,占挥发油总量的94.662%.其主要成分是以萜类为主,其中以左旋薰衣草醇(17.781%)和吉马烯D(11.963%)含量最多.[结论]黔北地区白苞蒿挥发油成分种类较丰富的是广东白苞蒿,其共有成分中仅有β-金合欢烯、橙花菽醇、匙叶按油烯醇、石竹烯氧化物和姜烯,且石竹烯氧化物和匙叶桉油烯醇在2个不同地区白苞蒿样品中含量差异相对较大.     

高河菜脂溶性化学成分分析

[目的]分析高河菜脂溶性化学成分,为高河菜的开发利用提供试验依据.[方法]采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分离鉴定脂溶性成分,用峰面积归一化法计算各成分相对百分含量.[结果]共鉴定出38种组分,占总成分含量的80.80%,其中植醇(26.49%)、乙基胆甾醇(10.65%)、2-甘油-亚麻酸脂(7.84%)和亚麻酸甲酯(7.16%)含量较高.[结论]高河菜脂溶性成分主要为萜类、脂肪酸酯、甾醇和烷烃类化合物,为高河菜的科学利用提供了试验依据.     

猴头菌生物活性成分及药理作用研究进展

猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)是珍贵的食药用菌,除具有丰富的营养成分外还具有抗溃疡、增强免疫、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗衰老等功效.简要介绍了近几年关于猴头菌较新生物活性成分、药理作用方面的研究进展.     

五味子多糖的研究进展

五味子多糖是五味子的一种主要活性成分,具有多种药理作用和生物活性功能,是目前的一个研究热点.本文对五味子多糖的提取、纯化以及药理活性等方面进行综述.     

外来入侵植物假臭草挥发性成分分析

[目的]分析和鉴定假臭草地上部分挥发油化学成分.[方法]采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取新鲜假臭草的挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析其成分,通过NIST 化合物谱库检索,以峰面积归一化法计算得到所提取各组分在该化学成分中的相对百分含量.[结果]经毛细管分离出27 个峰.确认了其中的26种化合物,占挥发油总量的99.58%.新鲜假臭草挥发油的主要化学成分为:大牛儿烯D,含量23.63%;石竹烯,含量14.95%;α-杜松醇,含量8.00%;6-亚甲基-1,5,5-三甲基-环己烯,含量6.79%;(+)-表-双环倍半水芹烯,含量6.02%.[结论]新鲜假臭草挥发油成分主要是萜类,还含有少量的羧酸和芳香类化合物.     

椿皮挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

[目的]通过研究椿皮挥发油的化学成分,为椿皮的开发利用提供理论依据.[方法]运用水蒸气蒸馏法提取椿皮挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油成分进行分离鉴定,并采用面积归-化法确定各成分的相对百分含量.[结果]从椿皮挥发油中共鉴定出53个化学成分,占挥发油总量的88.02%,其中相对百分含量较高的有(+)-Spa-thulenol(11.59%)、顺-α-可巴烯-8-醇(8.37%)、α-胡椒烯(5.87%)、△-杜松烯(5.76%)、α-荜澄茄油烯(4.40%).[结论]该法简便、快速、灵敏度高,分离度好,是分析椿皮挥发油成分的有效手段.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Concept of freedom of infection of animal flocks

Totally negative results of epidemiological investigation of random samples do not prove the absence of the infection as the pathogen may be restricted to only a few animals in the herd for a long time. The statement "absence of infection" is critical for such situations. The question is raised, whether the statement "absence of infection" should be generally avoided. Classification of herds and flocks according to the prevalence of the pathogen would be more valid for the implementation of control measures.     

显微维氏硬度测量不确定度评定

对显微维氏硬度测量不确定度进行评定，建立了不确定度计算的数学模型，确定了影响实验结果的各项因素，计算出了各因素的标准不确定度，得出结果的扩展不确定度，并给出最终测量结果的表达式。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.