工伤事故规律在企业安全管理中的研究与应用

企业的工伤事故有其自身的特点和规律,而事故规律的研究对于企业安全管理有着重要的指导意义,目前这一方面仍是薄弱环节。对莱钢炼钢厂1985～2000年所发生的工伤事故进行综合统计分析,研究了企业工伤事故的一般规律,为预防和减少事故提供了科学依据,达到了消除和减少事故的目的。     

工伤事故类别划分探讨

对工伤事故划分类别是工伤事故统计、分析工作中的一个重要内容,它是研究事故发生原因,规律和控制事故发生的重要信息,也是制定企业安全工作目标、要点的重要依据。在实际工作中,对一些原因单一的工伤事故比较容易确定事故类别,而对同时有几个原因的复杂工伤事故要确定其工伤类别往往比较困难。本文拟对这个问题结合实际作一初步探讨。     

论有色冶金生产的事故予防

有色冶金是工业生产的重要组成部份,具有生产流程长,工艺复杂、综合性强等许多特点。沈阳冶炼厂是一个有50多年历史的综合性有色冶金企业。本文根据有色冶金安全技术特点,结合我厂安全生产实践,找出有色冶金生产发生工伤事故的基本原因,提出予防事故的主要对策,明确提高安全技术和加强安全管理的重点。     

搞好事故预测 杜绝事故发生

安全管理的基本任务是防止工伤事故,保护国家财产和保证生产顺利进行。为实现上述目标,特别是人们希望对事故及其不幸后果有组织的加以控制,就要对事故进行预测。正确的预测,是控制事故发生的先决条件,这样才能做到:①确定和描述问题的范围;②判断事故致因的相互关系;③确定预防事故的最妥善办法;④评价所采用对策的有效性;⑤探测工作条件的变化、恶化及事故趋向失去控制的情况等。怎样进行事故预测呢?首先我们要弄     

如何控制人的不安全行为

企业工伤事故的主要根源是人的不安全行为,人的不安全行为是无法完全消灭的,但可以减少.要想不发生或减少事故的发生,实现安全生产,关键是要控制和约束人的不安全行为.     

60t转炉倾动大齿轮折齿事故分析

转炉倾动二次减速机大齿轮发生折齿事故后,通过辩证细致分析所有可能造成事故的因素,找出导致事故的主要原因,为冶金企业同类型设备事故的预防和处理提供了参考。     

矿山伤亡事故分析与预防

在总结某矿山企业安全管理经验的基础上, 通过对矿山因生产事故而发生伤亡人员的年龄、事故类别、事故时间、事故原因及受伤部位等方面的分析, 探讨事故的发生规律, 针对薄弱环节制定出相应对策, 把安全工作逐步转移到“预防为主”的轨道上来, 从而实现长周期安全生产。      

尾矿库边坡失稳原因及处理措施

根据相关研究数据统计,截止到2015年,我国尾矿库的保有量已经达到1万多座与其他国家相比,我国的尾矿库数量已经位居世界前列。对于尾矿库来说,其是矿山工程中的非常重要的一大组成部分,具有危险系数大、势能高、事故后果严重等特点。相关研究人员,在对已经发生的尾矿库事故的发生原因进行分析调查时,因为坝体失稳原因导致尾矿库事故的情况,占总体事故原因的60%以上,本文就主要针对尾矿库坝体发生失稳的机理进行了研究分析,并提出了如何控制浸润过高问题的相关措施,以供相关人员参考。     

严格承包商管理抓好现场作业安全

在今年初集团公司召开的HSE工作会议上,党组领导分析指出,去年,"三违"行为仍是事故发生的主要原因,在全系统合计发生的26起事故中,有20起是"三违"行为造成的,占76.9%;直接作业环节事故居高不下,有21起是直接作业环节发生的,占80.8%;系统内炼化企业承包商事故明显增加,共发生承包商事故10起,占全系统承包商事故起数的71.4%.     

事故树分析在预防铝棒深井铸造爆炸事故中的应用

针对国内几起铝合金熔铸企业爆炸事故,剖析该类事故的发生原因,应用系统安全工程的事故树分析方法,找出影响导致铝液爆炸事故的基本事件,建立事故树图,进行定性分析,得出导致该类事故发生的条件,提出预防和控制发生铝液爆炸的对策建议,以期杜绝此类事故。     

新形势下“0123”安全管理模式的创新

在新的历史条件下,在继承鞍钢“0123”安全管理模式的基础上进行“0123”管理模式创新研究,提出“以零事故为目标,以安全生产标准化为核心,以一把手负责制、一岗双责为保障,以全员素质提升、全过程风险防控、全要素绩效评价为关键”的新“0123”安全管理模式。通过对比揭示新“0123”安全管理模式的核心内涵,并结合实际工作,阐述新“0123”安全管理模式的主要内容。     

我国工伤事故产生的原因及综合分析

目前我国工伤事故发生频率明显增加，安全形势严峻。利用历史资料通过综合分析的方法，探讨其发生的原因，提出了以预防为主并加强投入，是防止工伤事故再发生的主要措施。     

矿山安全形势和安全管理方法分析

在统计分析近年来国内矿山安全事故以及当前矿山安全形势的基础上,针对矿山生产中存在的安全问题,提出了在现有技术水平下提高安全管理有效性的措施及建议,运用新技术研究事故发生的时空演变过程及其在外加干扰条件下的响应过程,探寻事故发生机制。利用现代信息化技术和高科技手段,建立以矿山安全信息实时监控为主,集隐患预警、事故报警、安全监管、安全调度、生产管理等多功能为一体的矿山安全信息化监控系统。这对提高安全管理效率,扭转中国矿山安全形势,具有重要意义。     

浅孔采场冒顶片帮事故原因分析及预防

针对三鑫公司浅孔回采采场冒顶片帮事故约占采矿作业事故的40％以上的现状,首先分析了浅孔采场稳定性的影响因素,进而又详细分析了浅孔采场冒顶片帮事故产生的原因,为了预防及其控制事故的发生,确保安全生产,提出了相应的预防措施,对实现三鑫公司的安全生产,避免采矿作业伤亡事故的发生具有重要现实意义。     

Helicopter use in the Swiss air rescue service for children. Inland transport in 1992

In 1992, the Swiss helicopter rescue service (REGA) transported 515 injured and 141 sick children (total n = 656). More than 60% of the children were boys; the age group from 10 to 16 years dominated. Primary care was provided in 415 of the flights, whereas the remaining cases were interhospital transfers to institutions with pediatric intensive care units. The main reason for primary interventions was sports accidents, followed by medical disease and traffic accidents. The majority of the sick children (70%) were severely ill with life-threatening diseases according to National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) indices IV to VII. On the other hand, only 47% of the injured children had NACA indices of IV to VII. Most of these children had minor injuries suffered during sports activities; they were rescued mainly because of the site of the accident and not the severity of the injury. The remaining trauma victims had had traffic or home accidents and were usually severely injured. Head injuries were the most common reason for intervention due to accidents, and central nervous disorders and respiratory problems were the main reason for interventions in children suffering from serious illnesses. For primary REGA rescue interventions, the mean time from accident to arrival at the hospital was 64 minutes: 18 minutes from injury to alarm, 17 minutes from alarm to arrival at the scene, and 29 minutes for scene time and flight to the hospital. Costs for helicopter rescue are twice as high as for ground-based rescue (ambulance). However, considering the relatively high percentage of severely injured or life-threatened sick children involved, air rescue and its higher costs appear to be justified.     

Fatalities and injuries in the Kuwaiti construction industry

This paper presents an analysis of construction accidents in Kuwait along with accident causation and injuries that can be considered serious or fatal, so that corrective measures can be taken to decrease casualties, resulting in a safer construction industry. The paper evaluates the existing injury and cost reporting-investigation system of construction accidents in government agencies and private firms. This research confirms that construction is the most hazardous industry in Kuwait, with accidents accounting for 48%, 38% and 34% of all disabling injuries and 62%, 38% and 42% of all fatalities in 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively. These rates are considered high and can be compared to construction accident statistics in the U.S.A. which accounted for 14% of all work-related deaths and 9% of disabling injuries in 1993. Based on the study, falling from a height appears to be the major cause of construction injuries and fatalities in Kuwait. Poor accident records and reporting systems hide the extent of the construction safety problem in Kuwait. In addition, many people at management level are unaware of accident-related costs and the effectiveness of a safety program in reducing project costs.     

首钢京唐公司能环部设备管理浅析

首钢京唐公司能源与环境部承担着为钢铁主工序提供能源介质的重任,加上设备先进、数量多且复杂,分布范围广,确保设备长期稳定受控运行成为设备系统工作的重中之重。通过吸收国内外设备管理先进理论,结合实际,多措并举,形成了一套自有设备管理体系,同时采取多项设备管理措施,提高了设备维护管理水平,实现了设备近10个月的长期稳定受控运行,故障缺陷率均同比下降50%以上,为企业的可持续发展提供了可靠保障。     

三安连铸中间包快换的工艺实践

介绍了福建三安钢铁有限公司炼钢厂通过对中间包快换的认识、准备以及对快换的条件、时间和操作要点进行了阐述。实践表明，合理利用中间包快换技术，可提高连铸机作业率、钢水收得率，减少工艺、设备、人为原因造成的连铸机停机事故。减少开机、停机次数，降低开浇、停浇操作对铸坯质量的不利影响。同时更能提高设备周期管理和状态管理的水平，降低设备维修成本和提高检修人员的工时利用率，使设备计划检修率由快换前的75.9%提高到99.24%的好水平。     

The influence of trend on estimates of accidents at junctions

While reliable estimates of expected accidents can be achieved by combining observed accidents and accident model predictions using an empirical Bayes approach, there are a number of obstacles to the widespread adoption of the method. This paper concentrates on problems associated with the available predictive models. Of particular concern is the effect on model predictions of accident trends over time resulting from, for instance, traffic growth or national road safety programmes. Since accident models invariably include traffic flow as an explanatory variable, the effects of flow changes can be included provided that account is taken of the nonlinear relationship between accidents and exposure. It is, however, common to assume that accident risk per unit of exposure is constant over time, whereas national data imply that accident risk is declining. In addition, there is a need, in practice, to rank and evaluate remedial sites in terms of the specific accident types or severities which might be targeted by treatment (for example, wet road accidents in the case of surface treatment). This then raises the question of whether the proportions of accidents of various types varies over time or with traffic flow and site characteristics. Generalized linear modelling was used to develop regression estimates of expected junction accidents (both in total and disaggregated by severity, road surface condition and lighting condition) which allow for the possibility of accident risk varying over time. Accident risk at the sample of some 500 junctions was shown to be declining annually by an average of 6%, with no significant difference in the value of trend between accident types. The factors which affected the proportions of accidents of various types included the method of junction control, speed limit and traffic flow.