走向进化与生态审美心理学

审美心理学是探究人在审美过程中的心理机制的一门学科.传统的审美心理学的理论是建立在心理物理学、认知心理学、精神分析、人本主义和后人本主义心理学的理论基础和研究方法上的.进化心理学和生态美学的产生与发展,为审美心理学提供了新的视角与方法.提出建立以进化心理学为基础的进化审美心理学和以生态美学为基础的生态审美心理学的必要性,指出这两个领域经过交叉与融合,形成一门整合性的进化与生态审美心理学的可能性,并探讨这个新领域应该涉及的研究主题和研究方向.     

达尔文:爱与美的理论——人本生态美学的科学基点

达尔文学说中长期被隐藏的"道德选择"论作为"另一半达尔文主义",说明生物进化的主要动力是爱,而不是"自私基因".贯穿<人类的由来>全书的一个重要主题,就是动物的性选择通过美感的作用而推动了生物的进化.并最终生成了人.达尔文所描述的动物美感及其时性选择的作用,可以从节律感应这种特殊的信息生态得到解释.这对于从生命本体深入认识人与美的生态关系.认识美和审美的生态本性.具有极其重要的意义.达尔文的审美理论乃是人本生态美学的科学理论基石.面向现实的美学应该在迭尔文与马克思的结合中重新起步.     

基于生态美学视角的乡村自然旅游资源开发研究

自然旅游资源是乡村旅游吸引系统重要的组成部分,经实证分析可以发现从生态美学视角而言,人与自然的和谐程度和乡村自然旅游资源的吸引力呈显著正相关,因此,基于生态美学视角对乡村自然旅游资源进行深度开发,才能满足旅游者的审美需求,真正提升其旅游吸引力.     

电视新闻节目的审美研究

新闻是以"真实"为核心的,电视新闻的生命就在于真实,电视新闻的强大魅力也在于真实.当观众感受着电视新闻的真实之美时,也就得到了审美意义上的美学享受.所以,电视新闻节目应当引入美学理论作为其美学实践的指导.     

汉语模糊修辞英译限度的美学解读

诗性是中华美学的重要根基,其对意象和感悟的重视和把握使得模糊修辞成为汉语文学表现的主要形式,模糊美因此成为汉语的重要审美特色.针对汉语模糊美感在英译中的磨蚀缺憾,本文从美的生成与接受之审美主体意识形态进行分析,并得出结论:"诗性"与"理性"的审美意识差异是导致汉语模糊美感在英译中磨蚀的根本原因;从读者接受角度分析,汉语"诗性"的模糊美感对于"理性"的英语读者而言势必出现审美接受限度."诗性"于"理性"的消遁具有其哲学与美学的渊源.     

试论沈从文的审美视角

多层次的美学命题交替、重叠、相互支撑、互为补充,从而形成了沈从文个性化的审美视角--忠实于"意境"的出世姿态中,却又蕴涵着重视"言志"的入世哲学."意境美"使他的文学作品从纷纷扰扰的现实中游离和挣脱出来,在大自然犹如天籁之音的牧歌文体中获取那宁谧、优美、悠远的精神家园."言志美"则使他凭借其自有的价值观、道德感、评判力向现实猛冲过去,直笔或曲笔地表达自己对于改造现实的真知灼见."意境"与"言志"这两种美学命题之间的矛盾、张力内化于"道"之中,从而最终和谐统一,这是沈从文审美观的独特所在.这种多重建构的美学根基,成为一个作家人生态度和文学风格中极其重要的审美要素.     

论贾平凹早期散文中的月亮意象

贾平凹的早期散文大量描写了月亮.作者对月亮的偏爱,主要源于对道禅中虚涵闲静的推崇.作者以月为主要意象,以月亮来构筑空灵静谧的审美意境,来表现他对"静虚"的审美追求.月亮是作者的主体精神的象征,是他追求、探索的美学象征.     

中国传统文化对现代包装设计的影响

对中国传统文化有所了解,对中国审美传统有所认识,对设计师而言是相当必要的.中国古典美学中的整体意识、生态意识、人文导向、推俗观、多元论倾向等等,都对现代包装设计有着很好的启示作用.继承并发展一切优秀的文化传统,是设计创新的前提.     

从自然审美的视角看陶渊明诗歌中的意象

云南师范大学李健夫所著的<现代美学原理--科学主体论类学体系>,一书阐述了自然审美的原理和自然审美的特点.他提出自然审美有三个特点:人文性、外射性和自然性.本文结合书中关于自然审美的相关理论对陶渊明诗歌中的自然意象进行分析:一、通过对陶渊明诗歌中"菊"意象的分析阐述其人文性;二、通过对陶渊明诗歌"鸟意象的分析"阐述其外射性;三、通过对陶渊明诗歌中<归园田居>其一分析阐述其自然性.     

论诗歌之味与饮食之味

与西方美学否定味与美的联系不同,中国人的审美意识起源于对味觉的感受.中国古代的"味论"正是脱胎于中国古老发达的饮食文化.味与诗本是两个领域的概念:饮食和文学,但是,它们又有着诸多相似和相通的特性,从饮食文化范畴到美学范畴,与文学本质的内在契合促使味走进了诗学领域,在由"食"到"味"到"诗"的过程中,味的审美特性不断得以开掘,最终以"诗味"的形式体现出来.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

The constructs of intelligence and ego-resiliency are discussed. The personality implications of "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were identified. Intelligence (IQ) was indexed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS—R) and ego-resiliency by an inventory scale. Residual scores measuring "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were correlated with the items of the observer based California Q-sort, used to describe participants. Persons relatively high on ego-resilience tend to be more competent and comfortable in the "fuzzier" interpersonal world; persons defined primarily by raw IQ tend to be effective in the "clearer" world of structured work but tend also to be uneasy with affect and less able to realize satisfying human connections. Gender differences exist in the relations of ego-resilience and intelligence and in their adaptive relevance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conserving and retaining equalities and inequalities through observation and correction.

Investigated the effects of modeling and corrective feedback on the conservation of equalities and inequalities, with items spanning 3 stimulus dimensions (length, number, and 2-dimensional space). Ss were 48 kindergartners (24 boys, 24 girls). Brief observation of a model, briefer correction training (joining positive feedback with verbal rule provision), and the combination of observation and correction were all successful in producing learning and, without further training, transfer and retention of conservation. Unlike the controls (who also never correctly answered any equality items), the trained experimental Ss gave evidence of spontaneously generalizing their new learning to a task that required nonverbal behavior to manifest conservation. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasoning and food and contamination.

Examines strategies that are used to reason about food and contamination. In Exp 1, Ss refrained from choosing a substance that had been given a "poison" label when the intent of the labeler was ambiguous or malicious but preferred this substance when a rationale was provided that dispelled the implication that there once might have been contaminants present. Exp 2 was designed to compare the effects of safety on conditional reasoning in food and food-irrelevant contexts. When the safety issue was relevant to food in the form of contamination, Ss were most likely to use formal logic in reasoning. A similar pattern of responses was found in Exp 3 on tasks for which Ss' ratings of their experience of contexts were matched for plausibility, experience, and danger. Results are discussed in terms of an adaptive constraint that facilitates rationality in reasoning within the food domain (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.