Performances and failure mechanism of semi-metallic friction materials doping rare earths

In order to improve performance of semi-metallic friction material,the specimens doped with rare earth(cerous nitrate) were prepared.The effects of rare earth(cerous nitrate) and post heat treatment on properties of friction materials were discussed,and failure mechanism of friction materials was also analyzed.The result showed that the existing of cerous nitrate could stabilize friction coefficient,lower wear rate and increase impact strength,and when the content of the cerous nitrate was 3.0 wt.%,the semi-metallic friction material possessed optimal performances.The different post heat treatments had an influence on the friction coefficient,wear rate and linear thermal expansion coefficient of semi-metallic friction material.The worn surface and fractured surface were observed and analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM).It was identified that the semi-metallic friction materials doped with cerous nitrate acted abrasive wear and adhesive wear at the low temperature,and abrasive wear,adhesive wear and fatigue wear of materials appeared at the high temperature.The fracture of materials might be the result of matrix cracking interacting with interface separation.     

Effect of Rare Earths—Treated Glass Fiber on Impact Wear—Resistance of Metal—Plastic Multilayer Composites

The friction and wear properties under impact load and dry friction conditions of metal-plastic multilayer composites fillde with glass fiber,treated with rare earth elements,were investigated,The worn surfaces were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It shows that applying rare earth elements surface modifier to treat the glass fiber surface can enhance the interfacial adhesion between the glass fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),as well as promote the interface properties of the composites,This helps to form a uniflrmly distributed and high adhesive trandfer film on the counterface and abate the friction between the composite and the counterface,As a result,the wear of compostite is greatly reduced.The composite exhibits execllent friciton properties and impact wear-resistance.     

Influence of Lanthanum on Tribological Properties and Microstructure of Laser Clad B ＋ Fe ＋ Si Composite Coatings

The effects of rare earth ferrosilicon on the microstructure and anti-wear properties of laser-clad Fe-based alloy coating were investigated. The composition of Fe, B4C and rare earth ferrosillcon powders with different contents of lanthanum were clad onto a 45 # carbon steel substrate. Microstructural features, chemical compositions, phase structure,hardness, friction and wear properties by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS),hardness tester, block-on-ring friction and wear tester of the clad coating were determined. Experimental results show that the friction coefficient of the clad coating doped with rare earth ferrosilicon is reduced while the wear resistance of clad coating doped with rare earth ferrosilicon is enhanced. When the content of lanthanum increases to 1.92%, the clad coating shows the best anti-wear ability, and as the content of lanthanum exceeds 1.92%, the wear weight loss increases quickly. The rare earth ferrosilicon to be doped in the clad coatings helps to disperse the boride phase (Fe2B, FeB, B4C)particles and refine the grain of boride phase. The enhancement of clad coating‘s wear resistance is due to the existence of dispersed boride phases.     

Friction and Wear Characteristics of Mg-Al Alloy Containing Rare Earths

The influence of rare earth on the friction and wear characteristics of magnesium alloy AZ91 and AM60 were studied. The results show that the wear resistance properties of rare earth magnesium alloys are better than those of matrix alloy under the testing conditions. The anti-wear behaviour of AZ91 alloy is much better than that of AM60 alloy. In dry sliding pmcess, magnesium alloys undergo a transition from mild wear to severe wear. The addition of rare earths refine the structure of alloys, improve the comprehensive behaviors of magnesium alloys,increase the stability of oxidation films on worn surfaces,enhance the loading ability of rare earth magnesium alloys,and delay the transition from mild wear to sevre wear effectively.     

Improving Wear Resistance of the Ni-base Thermal Spray-Welding Coating Using Rare Earths

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Effect of rare earth elements and their oxides on tribo-mechanical performance of laser claddings: A review

Laser cladding is a promising photon-based surface engineering technique broadly utilized for fabricating harder and wear resistant composite coatings. In spite of excellent properties, the practical applications of laser claddings are relatively restricted when compared with well-established coating techniques because of their inherent defects identified as cracks, pores and inclusions. Substantial evidence suggests that the incorporation of an appropriate amount of rare earth in laser claddings can remarkably prevent these defects. Additionally, the presence of rare earth in laser claddings can notably enhance tribo-mechanical properties such as surface hardness, modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness, friction coefficient and wear rate. In this literature review, the effect of rare earth in reducing dilution and cracks susceptibility of laser claddings in addition to microstructural refinement attained was examined. Mechanical and tribological properties of these claddings along with their underlying mechanism were discussed in detail. Finally, this article summarizes current applications of laser claddings based on rare earth and was concluded with future research directions.     

Impact Wear Properties of Metal-Plastic Multilayer Composites Filled with Glass Fiber Treated with Rare Earth Element Surface Modifier

Ｍｅｔａｌ ｐｌａｓｔｉｃｍｕｌｔｉｌａｙｅｒｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓ ,ｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｏｆａｓｔｅｅｌｂａｃｋｉｎｇ ,ａｍｉｄｄｌｅｌａｙ ｅｒｏｆｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｄｐｏｒｏｕｓｂｒｏｎｚｅａｎｄａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｌａｙｅｒｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆａｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｏｆｐｏｌｙｔｅｔｒａｆｌｕｏ ｒｏｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ (ＰＴＦＥ)ａｎｄｆｉｌｌｅｒｓ ,ｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｍａｎｙｇｏｏｄｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｍｅｔａｌｓａｎｄｐｌａｓ ｔｉｃｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｈｉｇｈｍｅｃｈａｎ…     

稀士铁基粉末热锻材料的研制和应用

研制一种加稀土氧化物(La₂O₃)的铁基粉束热锻材料。本材料具有良好的热处理性和尺寸稳定性,尤其耐磨性有显著提高。本文还从微观方面对稀土元素的强化机理进行初步的分析和探讨。为验证研究结果,用本材料加工成产品,并经实用考核,效果令人满意。本材料具有推广价值。     

Influence of Rare Earth Elements on Luminescent Properties of Y2SiO5:Tb

Photoluminescent(PL) and cathodoluminescent(CL) properties of rare earths (Sc3 , La3 , Gd3 and Lu3 ) doped (Y0.97Tb0.03)2SiO5 were studied. Rare earth doping clearly influences PL and CL properties of Y2SiO5:Tb. For La3 doped system, PL intensity increases nearly 10% at x=0.05 whereas for Lu3 doped system, the intensity increases about 20% at x=0.20. Gd3 doping and Sc3 doping reduce the intensity; at x=0.3, it is reduced about 30% for Gd3 doped system and about 15% for Sc3 doped system, respectively. Quenching concentration of activator became higher in rare earth doped samples, which may be understood by that the rare earth dopants might dilute the concentration of the activator. Additionally, doping also influences the color saturation of Y2SiO5:Tb. Sc3 , La3 , and Gd3 doping improve the color saturation, whereas Lu3 doping decreases the color saturation. CL measurements show that CL intensity increases for all rare earths doped systems. The energy transfer from Gd3 to Tb3 was discussed.     

稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层组织与耐蚀性能的影响

通过熔炼—雾化工艺制备了稀土铁基自熔合金粉末,并考察了稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层的显微组织及其在弱酸、中性盐溶液中耐蚀性能的影响。采用金相显微镜、SEM、EDAX对合金喷焊层的物相结构、显微组织进行了观察和分析。在实验结果的基础上,对稀土的有关作用机制进行了分析和讨论。     

稀土元素Ce对Cu-Al2O3复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用机械合金化与放电等离子烧结的方法制备了不同质量分数的Cu-Al₂O₃-Ce复合材料,研究了稀土元素Ce对Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料显微组织形貌及硬度、抗拉强度、导电率、摩擦磨损等物理性能的影响。结果表明:Cu-Al₂O₃-Ce复合材料中的陶瓷颗粒更加均匀弥散的分布在基体中;加入稀土元素Ce后的Cu-Al₂O₃-Ce复合材料硬度为HV 108.2、拉伸强度为301 MPa、断面伸长率为19.6%、导电率为54.51 MS·m-1,与Cu-Al₂O₃相比有明显提升;Cu-Al₂O₃的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损,Cu-Al₂O₃-Ce主要为黏着磨损,当摩擦速率较大时,Cu-Al₂O₃-Ce的摩擦系数和体积磨损率更小,耐磨性能优于Cu-Al₂O₃。     

Dry Friction and Wear Characteristics of Rare-Earth/MoSi_2 Composite

MolybdenumDisilicide (MoSi2 )intermetallicspossessesmetallic likeandceramic likeproperties .Studyonitsfrictionandwearcharacteristicshasim portanttheoreticalandpracticalsignificance[1～ 5] .ItisusefultoreinforcetheMoSi2 materialbyusingthesec ondphaseforimprovementofthefrictionandwearcharacteristics[3 ,6] .Hawketal.[3 ] comparedthewearresistanceofMoSi2 withthatofMoSi2 Nbcomposites ,Nb ,aluminides (Fe3 Al,TiAl)andoxidationceramics(Al2 O3 andPS ZrO2 ) ,andfoundthatthewearresis tanceofMoS…     

稀土化合物对粉末冶金镍基合金摩擦磨损性能的影响

用粉末冶金热压方法制备了几种含不同稀土化合物（LaF3,CeO2,La2O3)的Ni基合金，将合金制备为块样，45^#钢为环样，在环－块摩擦试验机上考察了稀土化合物含量及其种类对Ni基合金摩擦磨损性能的影响，研究结果表明：添加稀土化合物可明显改善合金在高载高速下的耐磨性能，这与其摩擦表面形成摩擦保护性“釉质层”密切相关。     

非离子型表面活性剂对风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸出过程的影响

为了缓解风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸取过程存在的浸取周期长、浸出剂用量大和稀土拖尾等问题,以非离子型表面活性剂为助浸剂,氯化镁为浸出剂,对稀土浸出过程进行研究,研究复配浸出剂溶液性质,分析浸矿前后矿物粒径分布,探讨表面活性剂的促渗机理。研究结果显示,加入表面活性剂后,稀土浸出率提高,渗透速度加快,溶液的表面张力和接触角均减小,黏度增大,矿物颗粒的中值粒径明显减小,矿物表面Zeta电位增大,其中加入吐温40后稀土浸出率提高至86.38%,表面张力减小19.00%,接触角减小53.19%,溶液黏度减小4.29%,溶液性质变化最大。加入表面活性剂后可使溶液更容易润湿矿物,进入孔隙的阻力变小,扩散层厚度减小,黏土矿物的膨胀受到抑制,使得溶液浸出稀土的效果更好,其中吐温40对溶液浸出稀土的渗流效果影响最大,助渗效果最好。     

稀土元素强化金刚石工具材料性能的研究

研究了稀土元素在金刚石工具材料中的分布状态及对金属胎体和金刚石复合材料力学性能的影响,阐述了稀土元素强化金刚石工具材料的机理。     

稀土对呋喃树脂-柔性石墨复合材料性能的影响

本文研究了不同种类稀土对呋喃树脂－柔性石墨复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，复合材料的肖氏硬度、电阻率、压缩率及回弹率明显地依赖于稀土种类与用量，在本实验条件下加入０．９％（ｗｔ）ＣｅＯ２时，材料的综合性能最佳；而体积密度基本不受ＣｅＯ２用量影响。结合表面形貌ＳＥＭ分析，从稀土活性中心对树脂与石墨之间界面粘结力的影响以及稀土对树脂固化过程的助催化两方面初步探讨了稀土的作用机理。     

Effect of Rare Earths on Tribological Properties of Carbon Fibers Reinforced PTFE Composites

Carbon fibers （CF） were surface treated with air-oxidation and rare earths （RE）, respectively. The effect of RE surface treatment on tensile strength and tribological properties of CF reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） composites was invest/gated. Experimental results revealed that RE was superior to air ox/dation in improving the tensile strength, elongation, and the tensile modulus of CF reinforced PTFE （CF/PTFE） composite. Compared to the untreated and air-oxidated CF/PTFE composite, the RE treated composite had the lowest friction coefficient and specific wear rate under a given applied load and reciprocating sliding frequency. The RE treatment effectively improved the interfacial adhesion between CF and PTFE. With strong interfacial coupling, the carbon fibers carried most of the load, and direct contact and adhesion between PTFE and the counterpart were reduced, accordingly the friction and wear properties of the composite were improved.     

稀土钼合金力学和热发射性能的研究

稀土氧化物 (La2 O3 、Y2 O3 )在强化钼的同时 ,对钼具有显著的韧化作用 ,即具有综合强韧化作用。稀土钼材作为高温结构材料正逐步取代Al Si K掺杂钼 (ASK)和TZM钼合金 ;通过成分设计和加工工艺优化 ,稀土钼还是一种工作温度低、无放射性污染的新型阴极材料 ,由稀土钼作为阴极的电子管 ,发射性能与寿命均达到或超过同类型W ThO2 阴极电子管 ,达到实用化水平。因此 ,稀土钼作为一种集结构与功能于一身的新型材料 ,有广泛的应用前景     

Preparation of Rare Earth Doped Alumina-Siloxane Gel and Its ER Effect

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was used to wrap alumina-siloxane sol through emulsion polymerization. A kind of suspensions with notable ER effect was produced by fully mixing the prepared microcapsule with silicon oil. Meanwhile a series of PMMA wrapped alumina - siloxane gel doped with rare earths was obtained and its ER effect was tested, like viscosity of different rare earth ion doped samples in different powder concentrations and at different temperatures, at the same time, leak current density and dielectric constant were measured. Resuits show that the ER effect of this suspension is remarkable, and its stability is much better. The condition of emulsion polymerization and the mechanism of effect are discussed.     

稀土对低合金耐磨铸钢组织和性能的影响

采用扫描电镜分析,硬度测试和摩擦性能测试等手段,研究了稀土对低合金耐磨铸钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,在低合金耐磨铸钢中添加0.15%稀土,可细化合金铸态组织,增加铸态组织中的铁素体数量,减少珠光体数量,同时可细化热处理后合金的贝氏体组织,使铁素体形态和大小分布均匀,马氏体数量减少。添加稀土后可使铸态合金硬度提高9.4%,摩擦系数由0.136 9减小为0.081 9。