哈密市土墩某基性杂岩体地质特征及找矿远景浅析

哈密市土墩镍矿赋存于某基性杂岩体中,查明该岩体的地质特征,可以为该矿床的深部找矿勘查提供有效指导。通过对土墩某基性杂岩体岩性特征的研究,该岩体浅表层岩性为基性岩类,属钙碱性拉斑玄武岩系列,结晶分异较差。对比已知黄山铜镍矿床,非常相似,属硫化铜镍矿型镁铁质基性杂岩体,受地壳污染较小。成矿条件优越,深部基性岩相与超基性岩相接触部位具有极大的找矿潜力。     

东昆仑尕牙河东沟铜镍矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析

尕牙河东沟铜镍矿床位于东昆仑造山带,临近昆中断裂,成矿地质条件优越。矿区内共发现4个镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体,岩体主要岩性为辉橄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩、辉石橄榄岩、橄榄岩、橄榄透闪石岩、斜长岩等。在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体中均发现了铜镍矿体,赋矿岩性主要为橄榄岩、辉石岩,其次为辉长岩。通过分析矿区地质、地球化学和地球物理特征,结合与同一造山带内的典型矿床对比,认为具有寻找岩浆铜镍矿体的有利条件,具有较好的找矿前景。     

世界红土镍矿冶炼厂调查

这是美国冶金学会(TMS)近期开展的《世界有色金属冶炼厂调查》的一部分,叙述了对处理红土镍矿和其他类型氧化镍矿冶炼厂的调查结果。此次共调查冶炼厂13家,代表了世界红土镍矿冶炼厂的最新情况。这13家镍冶炼厂的年产量总计为36.5万t,约占世界原生镍总产量的30%,也占红土矿冶炼厂产量的大部分。这13家镍冶炼厂及其年产量的具体情况,见下表。红土镍矿资源概况General situation of Laterite-nickel Ore红土镍矿是含镁铁硅酸盐矿物的超基性岩经长期风化产生的矿石,在风化过程中,镍自上层浸出,而后在下层沉淀,NiO取代了相应的硅酸盐和氧化…     

红土型镍矿控矿因素及勘查技术方法

红土型镍矿主要在环太平洋亚热带-热带多雨地区分布,由于镍矿体主要产自于超基性岩上部的红土风华壳中,极易受到地形的控制,在红土型硅酸镍氧化矿的影响下,其类型主要包括两种,即褐铁矿型与腐岩型,矿石均具备良好的可利用性,质量较高。     

力马河銅镍硫化矿选矿工艺流程的改革与实践

会理镍矿所处理的矿石是产于基性和超基性岩体中的铜镍硫化矿,矿石中镍铜比约2:1。主要金属矿有镍黄铁矿、含镍磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁铁矿及少量黄铁矿。在整个硫化矿物中磁黄铁矿约占65～70％,镍黄铁矿占13—18％,黄铜矿占15—20％,主要脉石     

基于波谱特征的基性、超基性岩遥感影像增强方法研究

基性、超基性岩多沿深大断裂分布,是寻找铬、镍、钴、铂族金属、金刚石、石棉等矿产重要找矿标志。基性、超基性岩中铁、镁质矿物含量较高,由于含铁、镁质的矿物在热液交代作用过程中,会发生绿泥石化和绿帘石化现象,从而形成可富含镁羟基基团的蚀变矿物及富含铁的蚀变矿物。遥感影像针对含铁离子、镁羟基基团蚀变矿物在400nm～2500nm波长区间具有诊断性波谱,基于上述特征,利用新疆西昆仑山地区的ASTER遥感数据,初步探索该区超基性、基性遥感增强方法。结果表明,依据比值法增强基性、超基性岩中铁、镁羟基信息,基性、超基性岩与背景色调反差较大,增强效果明显。     

会理县力马河铜镍矿成矿要素及成矿模式研究

力马河铜镍矿位于康滇基底断隆带内安宁河深大断裂带东缘。矿区主要地层为凤山营组(Pt2f)和力马河组(Pt2l)。与成矿有密切关系的两条南北向断裂交汇构成了含铜镍基性-超基性岩体的通道(即贮矿空间)。矿体具有浸染型、致密状型两类。综合区域地质背景、矿区地质特征、矿体特征、矿石特征及成矿时代,初步厘定了力马河铜镍矿床的成矿要素和成矿模式。     

滇东南建水铌稀土矿成矿元素含量与赋存状态

为查明滇东南建水铌稀土矿成矿元素的含量与赋存状态,矿区详查中对霞石正长岩风化壳的矿体进行了人工重砂分析、X-射线衍射分析、MLA分析、电子探针分析、化学多元素分析。将分析测试中得出的各种矿物的成矿元素质量分数,换算成不同矿物的成矿元素质量分数在矿石中所占比例,根据成矿元素在不同矿物中赋存的一般规律进行成矿元素赋存状态的研究。成矿元素以稀土元素、Nb_2O_5为主,有Ga_2O_3伴生。矿石中稀土元素全相质量分数为0.201%,主要赋存在稀土矿物和黏土类矿物中。离子相稀土元素赋存于高岭石类、云母类矿物中,质量分数为0.088%～0.101%,占全相比例的36.066%～41.394%。轻稀土元素与重稀土元素的全相、离子相比值分别为4.674、1.514～1.590,属轻稀土富集型。矿石中Nb_2O_5的质量分数为0.050%,主要赋存于含铌矿物和正长石中。赋存于黏土类和云母类中的Nb可能属离子相,Nb_2O_5质量分数分别为0.007%、0.003%,分别占矿石中总量的14.000%、6.000%。矿石中Ga_2O_3的质量分数为0.007%,主要赋存于正长石类、黏土类、云母类矿物中,黏土类、云母类矿物中Ga可能有一部分属离子相。与成矿母岩相比较,矿石中稀土元素、Nb_2O_5、Ga_2O_3均有不同程度富集。富集有2种途径:成矿母岩风化过程中易溶组分流失使有用矿物含量增高;有用组分呈离子吸附状态富集于黏土类、云母类矿物之中。     

青海都兰阿拉克湖—红水川地区地质特征与找矿前景

拉克湖—红水川地区的地质—构造—物化探资料表明:该区具有寻找铜(钴)金等矿床的良好的成矿背景,是东昆仑重要的成矿带。北部东昆仑南构造带的主攻矿种是Cu、Co、Au,其次是Pb、Zn、W,矿床类型为与华力西期基性—中基性海相火山岩有关的火山喷流沉积型SEDEX、VHMS型铜金钴矿、与中酸性侵入岩有关的矽卡岩型、热液脉型贵金属及多金属矿和叠加改造型矿床;中部重视洪冲积型、现代砂矿型砂金和膏盐矿床;南部主攻矿种为Cu、Co、Au,其次是Ni、Fe、Cr矿床类型为布青山群中与华力西期基性—中基性海相火山岩有关的块状硫化物型铜钴、铜金矿,伴有基性—超基性岩侵入的镁铁—超镁铁质岩浆熔离型的镍矿和结晶分异型的铬铁矿。     

东昆仑东段浪木日锰镍多金属矿产勘查中的物探技术应用及研究

浪木日成矿区位于东昆仑东段之昆中断裂以北,区内铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体出露,且金属硫化物发育,具有较好的镍多金属成矿潜力。物探异常显示,正负伴生高磁异常区多由超基性岩体引起,异常值一般在-1 200～+2 500 nT,而含镍超基性岩体多表现为低阻高极化异常,因此,以高磁-低电阻率-高极化率物探异常组合为特征,可作为镍多金属矿的找矿标志。锰矿床属沉积变质型矿床,经变质作用形成硅酸锰,主要以层状蔷薇辉石为主,近地表处氧化形成氧化锰,以正磁-高电阻率-高极化率物探异常组合为特征,可很好地指示区内锰矿找矿方向。     

土墩矿区基性—超基性铜镍矿床特征及成矿模式

土墩矿区的基性—超基性岩铜镍矿床主要产于铁镁质岩浆成矿作用形成的杂岩体中以硫化物为主的矿床。研究基性~超基性铜镍矿床的成矿模式实际上就是研究母岩岩浆如何产生、演化以及成矿元素是如何运移、富集、沉淀形成矿床的。     

化学镀法制备镍包石墨复合粉末

采用化学镀法在石墨粉末表面镀镍制备Ni/石墨复合粉末,采用激光衍射粒度分析、扫描电镜等对Ni/石墨复合粉末的粒度和表面形貌进行表征,研究镀液中主盐硫酸镍、还原剂联氨及活化剂氯化钯的浓度对该复合粉末表面形貌的影响,并对Ni镀层在石墨表面的生长机理进行探讨.结果表明:硫酸镍质量浓度为20 g/L、联氨体积分数为2％时,化学...     

A two-stage thermal upgrading process for nickeliferous limonitic laterite ores

Sulphide ore deposits are becoming increasingly less viable as a source of nickel, driving recent interest in the development of nickel laterite deposits. The difficulties with the current methods of nickel metal production from these oxide ores arise mainly from the inability to produce a concentrate analogous to that obtained in the flotation of sulphide ores, resulting in high production costs. In this work, a two-stage reduction and thermal growth process is proposed for the treatment of the nickeliferous limonitic laterite ores to produce a ferronickel product, recoverable by magnetic separation. An initial reduction roast of the ore with 6% coal and 4% sulphur additions at 600°C for 1?h, followed by particle growth for 1?h at 1000°C, produced a ferronickel concentrate with a nickel grade of 4% and a nickel recovery of 93·2%. The impact of particle growth temperature and retention time at temperature on the ferronickel particle size was also studied. For the control conditions, typical ferronickel particles produced were 10–20?μm in size. The particle size did not significantly change at temperatures higher than 1200°C or for retention times beyond 60?min.     

某红土型镍矿中镍钴的赋存状态对其回收的影响

褐铁矿型红土镍矿是一种富含镍、钴、铁的重要资源,综合利用价值巨大。探究红土型镍矿中镍和钴的赋存状态,以深入了解赋存状态对镍和钴回收利用的影响。通过详细的工艺矿物学研究,明确镍和钴主要赋存于褐铁矿、锰的水合氧化物和锰镍矿中,根据该红土型镍矿特征判断最佳冶炼回收方法为高压酸浸工艺。研究为红土型镍矿的资源高效利用提供了重要参考,为相关工业应用和环境保护提供了有益启示。     

Carbon deposition and the role of reducing agents in hot-corrosion processes

Sodium sulfate deposits generated by impurities in the fuels can be reduced to more corrosive sulfide in the presence of partially uncombusted hydrocarbons, the reduction temperature depending upon the carbon particle size. Thermogravimetric studies indicate that nickel oxide and oxidized nickel metal are rapidly reduced by methane between 500° and 1000°C with deposition of pyrolytic carbon. The analogy is pointed out between the attack on a Ni-13Al-10Cr alloy by Na₂SO₄ both in the presence of carbon deposits and in a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen. It appears that carbon deposition by promoting local reducing conditions can play an important role in the occurrence of hot-corrosion in gas turbines.     

Studies on Processing of Nickeliferrous Sources in India

Nickel requirement in India is met through imports although there are known deposits of nickel laterites. In addition, there are secondary sources such as nickel sulphide in multimetal sulphides associated with uranium ore, low grade nickel bearing lateritic overburden of chromite mining and industrial wastes, such as spent catalyst and grinding waste of alnico. The primary deposits are extensive but the grade is low. All the other sources are small and some of them are quite complex. Recovery of metal values from such sources is important on account of resource conservation. The paper reviews the studies carried out in different laboratories in India.     

Prediction of morphology development from nucleation and plating overpotentials in nickel electrodeposition

Evaluation and measurement of the influence of changes in conditions and electrolyte composition during early stages of a growing metal electrodeposit are crucial to predict changes in developing morphology. A galvanodynamic polarisation technique was developed to reliably measure overpotentials for nickel electrodeposition from sulphate electrolyte. The validity of these polarisation parameters as indicators of the relationships between changes in the electrolyte and resulting deposit morphology was evaluated for electrolytes of varying composition. Findings indicate that nucleation and plating overpotentials measured by the described technique can be used as indicative tools for monitoring, evaluating and ultimately improving control of the electrodeposition of nickel from sulphate electrolytes. The results predict that nickel deposits of desirable quality and morphology are obtained when plating overpotentials are higher than 700?mV vs. Ag/AgCl and nucleation overpotential is less negative than plating overpotential.     

Effects of gravity on the electrodeposition and characterization of nickel foils

The effects of gravity on nickel electrodeposifion,the morphology and mechanical properties of deposits were studied in a super gravity field.Predictions in a microgravity field were also presented based on the obtained experimental tendency.Linear sweep voltamrnetry reveals that the nickel electrodeposition process is enhanced by increasing the gravity coefficient (G).The limiting current density changes from 10.2 to 293.0 mA.cm-2 with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to 354.The morphology of deposits was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and atomic force microscopy (AFM).The images show that the morphology deposited in the super gravity field has freer grain sizes and denser and smoother surfaces,The roughness reduces from 48.3 to 4.9 nm with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to 354.Meanwhile,mechanical tests indicate that the mechanical properties of nickel foils are greatly improved due to introducing a super gravity field during electrodeposition.     

Effect of Co-Deposited Iron on Microstructures and Properties of Electroplated Nanocrystalline Nickel-Iron Alloys

Nickel-iron nanocrystalline alloys with different compositions and grain sizes were fabricated by electroplating for MEMS devices. The iron content of the deposits was changed by varying the nickel/iron ion ratio in the electrolyte. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was applied for measuring the strength of the texture and grain size of the deposits. The nickel/iron atom ratio of the deposits was analyzed by EDS. The hardness of the alloys was evaluated by Vickers hardness indenter. The internal stress of the deposits was measured by thin film stress measurement using Stoney's formula. Surface morphology and roughness were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hardness and internal stress mechanism of the electroplated structure as a function of Fe ion content and current density were revealed. With increasing the iron content, the hardness and internal stress of the deposits increase. An excellent correlation between the increase in the internal stress and the loss of (200) texture were found.     

Direct laser deposition of a single-crystal Ni<Subscript>3</Subscript>Al-based IC221W alloy

Single-crystal (SX) nickel aluminide alloys have potential for structural applications where high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance are required. In this work, SX deposits of the Ni₃Al-based IC221W alloy were produced on a SX Ni-base superalloy substrate by means of the laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) process. The microstructure of the deposits was characterized. The effects of processing parameters on the SX solidification in the melt pool and on the fabricability by LENS were investigated. A simple relationship between the ratio of the temperature gradient to the growth velocity and the processing parameters was derived, which can be used qualitatively to guide the proper selection of processing conditions to maintain the columnar dendritic growth during the laser deposition. On the basis of analyses and experiments, the effects of processing parameters on the susceptibility to stray grain formation and solidification cracking are discussed.