青藏高原东缘银莲花属藏药植物资源调查

[目的]研究青藏高原东缘银莲花属藏药植物资源的种类组成及药用价值,为该属藏药植物资源的持续利用和合理开发提供科学依据.[方法]通过查阅文献资料,进行实地调查和标本采集,研究其植物资源种类组成及药用价值.[结果]青藏高原东缘银莲花属藏药植物共有9种,均具有较高的药用价值.[结论]该研究为青藏高原东缘银莲花属藏药植物资源的开发利用和深入研究提供了一定的依据.     

邛海湿地夜鹭巢址选择研究

[目的]探索影响邛海湖湿地夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)巢址选择的因素,为保护邛海周边生物环境、保护和利用鸟类资源提供参考.[方法]采用因子分析法,对影响邓海湖湿地夜鹭巢址选择的因素进行了综合评价.[结果]影响夜鹭巢址选择的主要因子有植被高度、树胸径、隐蔽度、距水(邛海)距离和距公路的距离.[结论]距水距离、植被高度和树胸径是影响夜鹭营巢的主要因素.     

珍稀濒危植物青岛老鹳草形态解剖学研究

[目的]为了解青岛老鹳草濒危的原因,为其资源利用、引种驯化和新品种培育等提供理论依据.[方法]分别以青岛老鹤草的根尖、茎段、叶片、叶柄为材料,采用常规石蜡法制片,对其进行形态解剖学观察.[结果]青岛老鹳草根的初生结构由表皮、皮层和中柱组成,初生木质部为二原型;次生结构由周皮、薄壁组织和次生维管组织构成,薄壁细胞中含有大量淀粉粒;茎呈类方形,由表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,为外韧维管束;叶为典型异面叶,表皮具有大量表皮毛,叶及叶柄均具厚角组织.根茎叶细胞中均含有大量簇晶.[结论]青岛老鹳草营养器官具有一般多年生草本双子叶植物的结构特点,在形态结构方面未体现出濒危的特点.     

PEG渗透胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片保护酶活性昼夜变化

[目的]了解逆境条件对植物体内保护酶活性昼夜变化的影响.[方法]用不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEC-6000)溶液研究渗透胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片电解质外渗率、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)的昼夜变化情况.[结果]一昼夜胁迫中,保护酶活性的变化不仅受PEG浓度和胁迫时间的影响,而且受先照的影响.随着光照时间和胁迫时间的延长,叶片电解质外渗率和MDA含量增加、SOD活性持续降低、POD和CAT活性的变化率则呈先增加后降低趋势;先照结束后,随着黑暗时间的延长,电解质外渗率和保护酶活性先接近对照水平,然后发生较大渡动.[结论]玉米幼苗叶片的保护酶活性变化不仅受PEG浓度、胁迫时间的影响,而且受光照的影响.     

江汉平原地区3种楠属植物叶片生长规律的研究

[目的]对3种楠属植物楠木(Phoebe zhennan)、利川楠(P.lichuanensis)和闽楠(P.bournei)叶片的生长规律进行了研究.[方法]大样本、随机取样测定成株叶片的长度、宽度、面积和生物量.[结果]闽楠的叶片宽度显著小于楠木和利川楠,3种植物叶片长度、宽度、面积和生物量的变异系数均为楠木>利川楠>闽楠.3种植物叶片的生长规律均可由多种函数形式较好地表达,在最佳的拟合方程中,楠木、利川楠和闽楠的叶片在宽度与长度的关系上均呈异速生长规律;在干重与面积的关系上,楠木呈同速生长关系,利川楠及闽楠呈异速生长规律.[结论]同属不同植物种间叶片的生长规律既有共同之处也存在差异.     

新型十字花科蔬菜蕾薹菜的选育

[目的]选育新型十字花科蔬菜.[方法]利用从日本引进的菜薹(Brassica campestris L var.utilis)和花椰菜(B.oleracea L.var.italica)的远缘杂交材料,经系统选育育成的一种食用花茎、花蕾的新型珍稀蔬菜蕾薹菜.[结果]蕾薹菜植株生长势强,株高40～50cm,一次分枝7～12条,分枝长20 cm左右,单枝重(除去小叶)20～30 g,秋季种植采收期可达60 d,露地产量为15.00～20.00 t/hm<'2>.花茎及花蕾(分枝)营养极为丰富,维生素C含量高达1 040.00 mg/kg(FW),各种矿物质含量均较高,既可熟食也可生食,生食鲜嫩爽口,口感极佳.[结论]选育出了一种优质的新型十字花科蔬菜蕾薹菜.     

Pb胁迫对柳树根系形态和生理特性的影响

[目的]评价柳树对重金属Pb的忍耐能力及应用于植物修复的潜力.[方法]采用溶液培养研究了不同浓度Pb胁迫对苏柳172和垂柳2种柳树的根系形态、根系活力以及叶片保护酶活性和渗透调节物质的影响.[结果]Pb处理显著抑制2种柳树的根系伸长,垂柳根系表面积、根体积、根平均直径先增后降,苏柳172根系表面积、根体积、根平均直径均受到Pb的显著抑制.2种柳树的根系活力均下降:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量均先增加后下降;可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿紊含量在一定程度内均降低,只是变化的幅度和进程不同.[结论]为柳树应用于重金属修复具有重要的参考价值.     

内蒙古白粉菌寄主范围及生态学观察

内蒙古已知白粉菌寄主植物405种(含变种),隶属于58科、202属,分别占内蒙古被子植物科、属、种数的50.88%、28.21%和17.20%.寄生白粉菌种数最多的5个寄主科分别是:豆科(17种)、蔷薇科(14种)、唇形科(8种)、忍冬科(7种)和菊科(6种),共有52种,占内蒙古白粉菌总数的42.28%.寄主种数最多的10个科分别是:菊科(73种)、豆科(50种)、蔷薇科(37种)、毛茛科(26种)、唇形科(23种)、杨柳科(20种)、十字花科(12种)、蓼科(11种)、伞形科(10种)和玄参科(10种),共含272种,占内蒙古白粉菌寄主总数的67.16%.在白粉菌寄主中,6种是珍稀濒危保护植物,95种是栽培的经济作物或园林观赏植物.白粉菌在不同植被类型中的分布明显不同,物种丰富度从高向低依次为:山地植被＞草原植被＞沙地植被＞湿地植被＞荒漠植被;垂直分布现象不明显.     

盐度胁迫对茳芏·短叶茳芏萌芽的影响

[目的]研究茳芏及短叶茳芏两种盐沼植物不同盐胁迫下时其萌芽的影响情况.[方法]以2种茳芏作为材料,采用盆栽实验研究盐胁迫下不同种茳芏的萌芽情况.[结果]低盐度对2种植物萌芽有促进作用,在盐度>10‰的情况下,萌芽受到抑制,盐度越高抑制作用越大.[结果]2种植物适宜种植在低盐度地区.     

四种彩叶树种光合特性研究

[目的]比较4种彩叶树种的光合特性及叶绿素特征,以期为彩叶树种的合理配置提供理论依据.[方法]在自然条件下,采用英国生产的LCI便携式植物光合测定仪测定自然生长的4种彩叶植物的光合特征,采用分光光度法测定彩叶植物叶绿素及花色素苷含量.对紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea)、紫叶矮樱(Prunm×cistena)、金叶女贞(Ligustrum×vicaryi)和金叶连翘(Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl)4种彩叶树种光合特性日变化及植物色素含量进行研究.[结果]4种彩叶树种的光合作用能力强弱顺序为:紫叶李>紫叶矮樱>金叶女贞>金叶连翘,2种紫叶树种的净光和速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均高于金叶树种,而水分利用效率则相反;紫叶李和紫叶矮樱的叶绿素含量明显高于金叶女贞和金叶连翘.[结论]金叶树种的节水能力强于紫叶树种,而紫叶树种叶片的光能吸收和耐阴性强于金叶树种.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

The constructs of intelligence and ego-resiliency are discussed. The personality implications of "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were identified. Intelligence (IQ) was indexed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS—R) and ego-resiliency by an inventory scale. Residual scores measuring "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were correlated with the items of the observer based California Q-sort, used to describe participants. Persons relatively high on ego-resilience tend to be more competent and comfortable in the "fuzzier" interpersonal world; persons defined primarily by raw IQ tend to be effective in the "clearer" world of structured work but tend also to be uneasy with affect and less able to realize satisfying human connections. Gender differences exist in the relations of ego-resilience and intelligence and in their adaptive relevance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conserving and retaining equalities and inequalities through observation and correction.

Investigated the effects of modeling and corrective feedback on the conservation of equalities and inequalities, with items spanning 3 stimulus dimensions (length, number, and 2-dimensional space). Ss were 48 kindergartners (24 boys, 24 girls). Brief observation of a model, briefer correction training (joining positive feedback with verbal rule provision), and the combination of observation and correction were all successful in producing learning and, without further training, transfer and retention of conservation. Unlike the controls (who also never correctly answered any equality items), the trained experimental Ss gave evidence of spontaneously generalizing their new learning to a task that required nonverbal behavior to manifest conservation. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasoning and food and contamination.

Examines strategies that are used to reason about food and contamination. In Exp 1, Ss refrained from choosing a substance that had been given a "poison" label when the intent of the labeler was ambiguous or malicious but preferred this substance when a rationale was provided that dispelled the implication that there once might have been contaminants present. Exp 2 was designed to compare the effects of safety on conditional reasoning in food and food-irrelevant contexts. When the safety issue was relevant to food in the form of contamination, Ss were most likely to use formal logic in reasoning. A similar pattern of responses was found in Exp 3 on tasks for which Ss' ratings of their experience of contexts were matched for plausibility, experience, and danger. Results are discussed in terms of an adaptive constraint that facilitates rationality in reasoning within the food domain (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

材料科学技术转型发展与钢铁创新基础设施的建设

摘要：在第4次工业革命浪潮的推动下,钢铁科学与技术正在经历数字化、智能化转型。钢铁行业全流程各工序均为“黑箱”,为多场、多相、多变的巨系统,具有复杂相关关系和遗传效应等。这些不确定性带来了巨大的挑战。挑战和机遇并存。这些不确定性提供了智能化和数字化技术的应用场景资源;钢铁行业极为丰富的大数据提供了挖掘其中蕴含客观规律的数据资源;现代的数据科学、智能技术为解决不确定性问题提供了强大的手段。以数据为中心,以工业互联网为载体,以实验工具、数字数据、计算工具为支撑,建设钢铁企业材料创新基础设施,将可以大幅度提高研发效率,降低研发成本,有力地支撑钢铁材料科学与技术的转型发展。实验工具平台除了传统的实验室仪器装备和中试装备之外,实际生产线被作为主要的实验工具。这些实验工具提供丰富、精准、写实的历史数据和现实生产数据,特别是生产线装备提供实际生产大数据,蕴含着生产过程中的全部规律,是极宝贵的数据资源。利用机器学习、深度学习等现代数据挖掘技术为计算工具,对这些数据资源进行处理、分析、计算,将数据转换为高保真度模型,可以得到具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生。在工业互联网的总体架构下,以数字孪生为核心,组成信息物理系统,构建起基于数据自动流动的状态感知、实时分析、科学决策、精准执行的闭环赋能体系,解决生产制造、应用服务过程中的复杂性和不确定性问题,提高资源配置效率,实现资源优化,对材料行业转型发展提供关键技术支撑。虚实映射、实时交互、精准控制的信息物理系统与材料创新基础设施合二为一,以材料创新基础设施为基盘,形成具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生,建设钢铁生产全流程、一体化的信息物理系统,必将推进钢铁行业智能制造蓬勃开展和数字化、智能化转型。