Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel

The types,morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)attached to SEM.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP.The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels.The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels.The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size.The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was(14-20)x 10-6,which can act as a micro-alloying element.The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test.Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively.The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods.The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth.Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation.The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions.     

Lanthanide NIR luminescence for telecommunications, bioanalyses and solar energy conversion

Present-day advanced technologies heavily rely on the exciting magnetic and spectroscopic properties of lanthanide ions. In particular, their ability to generate well-characterized and intense near-infrared (NIR) luminescence is exploited in any modern fiber-optic telecommunication network. In this feature article, we first summarize the whereabouts underlying the design of highly luminescent NIR molecular edifices and materials. We then focus on describing the main trends in three applications related to this spectral range: telecommunications, biosciences, and solar energy conversion. In telecommunications, efforts concentrate presently on getting easily processable polymer-based waveguide amplifiers. Upconversion nanophosphors emitting in the visible after NIR excitation are now ubiquitous in many bioanalyses while their application to bio-imaging is still in its early stages; however, highly sensitive NIR-NIR systems start to be at hand for both in vitro and in vivo imaging, as well as dual probes combining magnetic resonance and optical imaging. Finally, both silicon-based and dye-sensitized solar cells benefit from the downconversion and upconversion capabilities of lanthanide ions to harvest UV and NIR solar light and to boost the overall quantum efficiency of these next-generation devices.     

Thermal and radiative characteristics of oxyfluoride glass singly doped with lanthanide ions

Rare earths-doped oxyfluoride glasses based on germanium oxide and lead fluoride were prepared from commercial raw materials. The glasses with general composition of 50GeO2-(50-x-y)PbO-yPbF2-xLnF3 (Ln=Pr3+-Yb3+), contained different concentrations of optically active dopants (x=0.2 mol.% and 2 mol.%) and PbF2 (y≤15 mol.%). The differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to determine both thermal characteristic and thermal stability properties of the glasses in the function of the kind of dopant, its concentration, and a glass composition. Characteristic glass temperatures such as glass transition temperature (Tg), glass crystallization temperature (Tc) and temperature corresponding to the maximum of the crystallization rate (Tpc) were evaluated. On the basis of obtained results, the thermal stabilities of glasses under study were evaluated using various thermal stability criteria (Dietzel factor ?T, Saad-Poulain factors H' and S). It was found that the increase in rare earth fluoride contents influenced thermal characteristics when the characteristic temperatures of the individual glass was shifted towards higher values. The effect of the PbF2 content and the kind of rare earth impurity on the glass stability was observed. Absorption spectra of lanthanide-doped glasses were measured at room temperature and used to determine the phenomenological intensity parameters Ωt and next, to estimate radiative properties of lanthanide ions in this matrix. Radiative transition probabilities of luminescent states of Ln3+, branching ratios and radiative lifetimes were determined. The variation of the Ωt along the lanthanide series was presented and discussed.     

Evaluation of D113 cation exchange resin for the removal of Eu(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution

Batch adsorption experiments were conducted for the adsorption of Eu(Ⅲ) ions from aqueous solution by D113 resin. The results indicated that D113 resin could adsorb Eu(Ⅲ) ion effectively from aqueous solution. The adsorption was strongly dependent on pH of the medium with enhanced adsorption as the pH turned from 3.50 to 7.00 and the optimal adsorption condition was in HAc-NaAc medium with pH value of 6.50. The maximum uptake capacity of Eu(Ⅲ) ions was 290.9 mg/g D113 at 298 K, at an initial pH value of 6.50. The overall adsorption process was best described by Lagergren-first-order kinetics. When Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were tested, the latter had a better fit with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (G) which were all negative, indicated that the adsorption of Eu(Ⅲ) ions onto D113 resin was spontaneous and the positive value of enthalpy (H) showed that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. Thomas model was applied to experimental column data to determine the characteristic parameters of column useful for process design. Furthermore, Eu(Ⅲ) could be eluted by using 3.0 mol/L HCl solution and the D113 resin could be regenerated and reused.     

Phase structure and temperature dependent luminescence properties of Sr2LiSiO4F: Eu2+ and Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+ phosphors

Green-emitting Sr2LiSiO4F:Eu2+ and blue-emitting Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphors were synthesized by the conventional high temperature solid-state route,respectively.Their structures and photoluminescenee properties were comparatively investigated.It was found that the mixture phases of Sr2MgSi2O7 and SrF2 were obtained when a part of Sr2+ in Sr2LiSiO4F was replaced by some amount of Mg2+ in order to design the possible SrMgLiSiO4F:Eu2+ phosphor.Based on the photoluminescence analysis,Sr2LiSiO4F:Eu2+ phosphor exhibited a green broad emission band of main peak at 513 nm under the excitation of 365 nm,while the Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ and SrMgLiSiO4F:Eu2+ phosphor showed blue emission centered at 467 nm.The temperature dependent photoluminescence properties and room temperature decay time for the three kinds of phosphors were also discussed in this paper.     

Er3+-substituted W-type barium ferrite: preparation and electromagnetic properties

Er3+-substituted W-type barium ferrites Ba1-xErx(Zn0.3Co0.7)2Fe16O27(x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)were synthesized by polymer adsorbent combustion method.Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and network analyzer to investigate the relationships among Er3+concentration,crystal structure,surface mcrphology and electromagnetic properties.All the XRD patterns showed pure phase of W-type barium ferrite when x≤0.15,while the impurity phase of ErFeO3 appeared when x=0.20.The pure W-type barium ferrite showed a hexagonal flake shape.In addition,the microwave electromagnetic properties of samples were analyzed in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz.It was indicated that the electromagnetic properties were significantly improved when Er3+doping content was 0.10.The reasons were also discussed using electromagnetic theory.The optimized ferrite exhibited excellent microwave absoption performance.The maximum of reflection loss(RL)reached about-27.4 dB and RL was below-10dB at the frequency range from 8.4 GHz to 18 GHz,when the thickness was 2.6 mm.     

EXAFS investigation and luminescent properties of nanosized Tb: Lu2O3 phosphors

Nanosized terbium doped Lu2O3 phosphors were synthesized via a modified co-precipitation processing.The as-prepared Tb:Lu2O3 phosphors was consisted of well crystallized nanosized sphere particles with a diameter of about 30 nnx Local structure of Tb ions in Lu2O3 lattice was investigated by an analytical approach based on Fourier transformation of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) data.X-ray near edge structure (XANES) spectra suggested that all Tb ions doped were tervalonce.EXAFS results indicated that Tb ions have entered the Lu2O3 cubic lattice by means of solid solution.The coordination number and first shell Tb-O distance dropped with the increasing of Tb concentration.Emission spectra of the phosphors was shown to be typical for Tb3+ with main components at 542,550 and 490 nm,derived from irradiative relaxation of 5D4 level.The emission intensity decreased severely with the increasing of Tb concentration from 1 mol.% to 15 tool.%,suggesting a significant concentration quenching above 1 mol.% Tb.The reduction of emission intensity was interpreted by higher distortion derived relaxation among the surface state resident Tb3+ ions.     

Process optimization of electroless copper plating and its influence on electrochemical properties of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy

The amount of Cu coating by chemical plating was investigated based on quadratic regression orthogonal experimental design being adapted to the variation law of temperature,pH value and Ni2+concentration,and the relevant regression equation was expressed as y=2.1609+0.5295×10-3T2-0.0342P2-0.0265N2+0.0023TP+0.0020TH+0.0199PN-0.0959T+0.3814P-0.2073N.The results showed that the deposition rate augmented with the increasing in temperature,pH value and Ni2+concentration.The experimental parameters of the optimal coating were temperature 75 ℃,pH value 8.5 and Ni2+concentration 1.2 g/L.The electrochemical tests indicated that the cycle stability increased from 60.66% to 75.58%,indicating that the treated alloy exhibited better corrosion resistance.     

Multi-Pass Simulation of Heavy Plate Rolling Including Intermediate Forced Cooling

Thermomechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP) including accelerated cooling after the final hot rolling pass is a well-established technology,widely applied in HSLA steel plate production.However,there are still certain limitations,especially for thicker plate.The rolling schedule includes a long holding period (HP) after the roughing stage to allow the temperature to fall sufficiently for optimised TMCP during finishing.Intermediate Forced Cooling (IFC) applied during the HP can increase productivity by decreasing the required hold time,can restrict austenite grain growth,and can also improve the subsequent strain penetration in thick plate with further metallurgical benefits.Multi-pass plane strain compression (PSC) tests have been performed on the thermomechanical compression (TMC) machine at Sheffield University including different severities of IFC.Clearly it is impossible to simulate all aspects of the temperature and strain gradients present in thick plates in laboratory specimens,and most of the tests were conducted at temperatures and strains calculated by Finite Element modelling as relevant to specific positions through the plate thickness.However,some aspects of the gradients were addressed with tests using cold platens.The results have indeed shown that IFC can shorten the HP and reduce austenite grain growth and its variation across thick plate.     

Overview of Particles and Bubbles in Continuously Cast Steel

This paper gives an overview of phenomena associated with particles and bubbles in continuously cast steel. During steel processing from deoxidation to solidification the inclusion population undergoes changes with opportunities of removal. Flotation is an important separation mechanism. Inclusion particles may accumulate in the solidifying strand, thus forming enriched bands, which depend on the type of casting machine. Bubbles are created during inert gas injection. They also change in size, can float out, but also form accumulation bands. The interaction of bubbles and particles is discussed. Internal structure that recently has been observed on the inner surface of bubbles will be reviewed.     

中间包快速更换技术的应用

本文介绍连铸中间包更换操作的主要工艺参数及其试验结果。试验结果表明:中间包快速更换技术,操作简单、技术经济效益好,是实现全连铸车间的必要措施。1概况连铸生产就要充分发挥连铸机"连"的优势,使其多炉连浇.70年代中期,国外已把发展多炉连浇技术作为提高钢水收得率及提高连铸机生产率和节约能源等的重要措施。     

福建鼎信1550mm退火酸洗线卷取机钳口改进

以福建鼎信1 550 mm连续退火酸洗线卷取机为研究对象,找出了其钳口处的漏油问题,从液压系统设计与机械结构设计两方面做了相应改进,从而使漏油问题得到解决,保证了带钢产品的表面质量。     

转炉数学模型应用的新进展

转炉静态控制是转炉计算机的基本控制方式,副枪动态控制是以静态控制为基础。转炉炼钢采用静态模型(终点控制模型、供氧模型、造渣模型、底吹模型)和动态模型(脱碳速度模型、钢水升温模型和冷却剂加入量模型)可减少炉口压力偏差,提高煤气回收量。     

SPHC钢冷轧基料金相组织均匀性的优化

以德龙钢铁1250生产线为例,为了满足冷轧客户对SPHC钢冷轧基料金相组织均匀性的要求,通过对加热温度、卷取温度、层流冷却等参数进行调整,使带钢上下表面的晶粒大小趋于一致,带钢的金相组织更均匀。     

汽车右下悬臂件的断裂分析

对进口飞鹰牌轿车右下悬臂件的断裂问题进行了宏观分析,确定了其断裂原因。     

云西矿床9 号糜棱岩带的控矿容矿构造初探

河台金矿云西矿床作为多源热液糜棱岩型金矿床, 在糜棱岩形成过程的中后期由韧性剪切变为张性剪切而产生的一系列控矿和容矿构造对矿体的形成有重要的作用。这些构造对矿体的产出空间、位置和产出形态起着控制作用, 研究其规律为今后探矿将具有指导意义。     

济钢120t转炉留渣操作工艺的实践

介绍了济钢集团第三炼钢厂120 t顶底复吹转炉的留渣操作工艺,对留渣操作的条件进行了研究,分析了应用转炉顶底复吹和溅渣护炉工艺解决留渣操作安全问题的机理;实施留渣操作对转炉冶炼时的初期化渣和脱磷十分有利,吨钢可以降低石灰消耗12 kg、降低钢铁料消耗5 kg,取得了显著的经济效益。     

MSA在钢的化学成分分析中的应用

介绍了测量系统和测量系统分析(MSA)的概念及意义,重点阐述了开展测量系统的重复性和再现性分析的步骤和方法,以钢中磷元素成分分析的测量系统的重复性和再现性分析为例,介绍了运用Minitab软件对钢中化学成分分析系统进行测量系统分析的新方法及应用。     

连铸机扇形段连铸辊对弧精度过程能力控制分析

介绍了舞钢公司新建的连铸生产线、关键设备、生产工艺及控制对弧要点,详细阐述了连铸机扇形段辊子对弧精度关键过程控制,分析了影响扇形段辊子对弧精度的因素,提出应采取的具体措施,通过关键过程控制可提高连铸辊对弧精度,达到了提高铸坯质量的目的。     

甘肃黄金工业现状及其发展思索

甘肃省黄金资源较为丰富，但地质勘查工作严重滞后于金矿建设和生产；全省黄金工业发展，从小到大，经历了４个阶段；黄金产量由１９８４年的２千两剧增至１９９７年的１９万两，堆浸起了巨大作用，地质队参与黄金生产，黄金开发与扶贫脱贫工作有机结合又是重要保证；但黄金事业发展同时，还存在一些值得深思的问题，解决这些问题，甘肃省黄金工业才能更健康持续的发展。