直接还原铁在电弧炉炼钢中应用

据预测到2000年我国的电弧炉用废钢将出现较大缺口。可能的对策有：（1）进口废钢和直接还原铁；（2）国内建设直接还原铁厂；（3）使用冷生铁；（4）铁水热装。本文从电炉炼钢的技术经济指标和钢质量等方面，论述了直接还原铁及其它金属炉料的使用特点。     

炼钢电弧炉热装铁水技术探讨

目前,炼钢电弧炉占主导地位的炉料仍然是废钢,其它的则还有直接还原铁等。我国是一个发展中国家,废钢资源严重不足,特别缺少优质废钢,以至于许多电弧炉钢厂的生产不得不依赖进口废钢,这正是部分钢厂生产不够理想的原因之一。解决这一不利     

电炉炼钢的Korfarc工艺

在能量最佳化炉子的技术基础上，ＫｏｒｆＬｕｒｇｉ公司正在对一种改进型的电弧炉进行试验。该电弧炉带有熔池下风咀以喷吹氧和燃料。为了获得最佳效果，采用预热废钢和熔融铁水的混合物作为炉料，当炉料中有２５％的铁水时，预计可节约电能３０％，生产率可提高２２％。     

莱钢50tUHP电弧炉相关技术的应用

莱钢集团公司特钢厂50ｔＵＨＰ电弧炉是从德国引进的二手设备(表1),由于该厂历经多次改造,原工艺及设备存在多处缺陷。50ｔ电弧炉自1996年投产以来,通过多次的工艺变革及结构优化,各项经济指标均得到较大提高,曾经在一个月内有14天日产钢达到18炉,获得了良好的经济效益。1　工艺技术的改造1.1　炉料结构的优化炉料结构是否合理对电弧炉尤其是ＵＨＰ电弧炉冶炼电耗、冶炼时间的影响是很大的。莱钢50ｔ电弧炉的废钢主要来源于社会废钢,平均堆密度为0.38～0.47ｔｍ3,无废钢加工设施,通过落地分类挑选合理搭配入炉。一般认为装料次数越少散失的…     

100t 电弧炉 Cojet集束氧枪的应用

安阳钢铁公司100 t电弧炉在复产改造中采用炉壁Cojet集束氧枪替代原有的炉壁氧燃烧嘴。100 t电弧炉改造复产后,炉料为80 t废钢+30 t生铁时,EAF冶炼周期55 min,电耗360 kWh/t,电极消耗1.6 kg/t;当炉料为60%废钢+40%铁水时,EAF冶炼周期50 min,电耗225 kWh/t,电极消耗1.2 kg/t,实现电弧炉低成本高效化运行。     

我国电弧炉炼钢技术的进展讨论

10年来我国电弧炉炼钢技术在产量、装备技术(大型化、高的技术经济指标)、高效化技术(超高功率供电、辅助能源、炉料多元化、减少非通电时间、废钢预热、连续化生产)和洁净化技术方面均取得了显著进展。但是废钢资源短缺、电力不足和能源结构不合理等因素制约了我国电弧炉炼钢的进一步发展。文中讨论了我国电弧炉炼钢发展的重点(炉料多样化、合理供电、能量多样化、余热利用和绿色环保)和前瞻(低碳经济洁净钢生产)。     

新型电弧炉开发的现况

近年来，电弧炉制造商为提高炉子的生产能力，降低能耗和适应多样化的炉料，改进了电弧炉结构和炉型，开发了直流电弧炉，双壳电弧炉，竖窑式废钢预热电弧炉（Ｆｕｃｈｓ，双电极竖窑式ＤＣ炉，ＭＳＰ，Ｃｏｍｅｌｔ炉）及ＣｏｎｓｔｅｅｌＤａｎａｒｃ，Ｃｏｎａｒｃ，Ａｒｃｏｎ和Ｃｏｎｔｉａｒｃ等新型电弧炉。     

电炉用部分替代废钢的金属炉料

介绍了电炉用各种金属炉料的特点和使用效果。结果表明,铁水、直接还原铁、碳化铁等部分替代废钢作为电炉金属炉料,不仅能解决废钢供应短缺的问题,还有利于提高钢的质量。     

60t直流电弧炉炼钢过程的炯分析

基于现代电弧炉炼钢的工艺理论,建立了描述电弧炉炼钢过程的热化学计量模型和炯模型,应用该模型对大冶特钢的60t直流电弧炉冶炼过程进行了模拟,对100％废钢、30％铁水＋70％废钢,64．4％铁水＋35．6％废钢的炉料结构条件下的电弧炉冶炼过程进行了能分析和炯分析。结果表明,兑加铁水可明显降低冶炼电耗,但降低总能量利用率,如考虑回收利用炉气和冷却水物理炯,则电弧炉冶炼过程炯的利用率略有增加。     

珠钢150t电弧炉炉料模型研究

薄板坯连铸和轧制薄规格产品均要求钢中残余元素含量低，而用一般的废钢冶炼争难达到其要求，必须用废钢代用品进行稀释。本文通过对国内废钢及废钢代用品资源的调查研究，并通过配料计算，提出了珠钢１５０ｔ电弧炉冶炼在保证钢水质量并考虑成本的前提下的用于指导配料的炉料模型。     

Effect of the energy and technological parameters on the technical-and-economic indices of DSP-150 furnaces during melting of scrap and pellets: II. Effect of the metallic charge composition and the bath temperature on the technical- and-economic indices of electric furnaces

The energy and technological conditions of operation of DSP-150 electric furnaces are studied during melting of scrap and prereduced pellets in order to reveal the reserves of decreasing the energy consumed for the production of electric furnace steel. The influence of heating of a metallic charge, the relation between scrap and pellets in a metallic charge, and the bath temperature conditions on the technical-and-economic indices of electric furnaces is revealed.     

CONSTEEL电炉铁水热装工艺探讨

韶钢炼轧厂CONSTEEL电炉热装铁水工艺有效地降低了冶炼电耗和钢铁料消耗、缩短了冶炼时间；文章探讨热装铁水工艺的热装比例、供电曲线和造渣制度，以期进一步改善有关技术指标．     

钢铁行业碳减排技术应用与展望

论述了中国钢铁行业推行碳减排技术的重要意义,从多角度阐述了钢铁行业各类高效碳减排技术在国内外的应用情况及效果。首先分析了短流程炼钢工艺电弧炉炉容大型化趋势、烟气余热回收技术、废钢预热工艺和废钢供应情况;然后分别剖析了高炉富氢冶炼、富氢-气基竖炉和纯氢-气基竖炉工艺3个主要的氢冶炼工艺;之后介绍了碳捕集、利用与封存技术。最后,结合中国钢铁企业现状,展望了钢铁行业在大力推进直接还原铁技术和短流程炼钢生产工艺的情况下,未来高品质钢材低碳化、绿色化冶炼的发展之路。     

海绵铁在电炉上的应用试验

在３ｔ电弧炉上应用海绵铁试验生产４０Ｃｒ和２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ钢锭，两次试验测得的海绵铁回收率分别为８０．１４％和７８．３４％，低于一般废钢回收率，试验证明，海绵铁能够稀释钢中Ｓ，Ｐ等有害残余元素，适合于生产优质钢，其用量以不超过２０％为宜。     

中国现代电弧炉炼钢废钢快速熔化技术进展

在钢铁行业结构转型关键时期,提高电弧炉短流程工艺比例是降低钢铁行业温室气体排放、脱碳化的有效措施。为了推动短流程炼钢工艺发展,近年来电弧炼钢在废钢快速熔化方面取得明显进展。在回顾前人对废钢熔化速率研究的基础上,全面概述了废钢熔化机理以及影响因素,并结合近年来国内电弧炉炼钢在装备、工艺以及技术上就废钢快速熔化方面取得的进展,探讨了制约电弧炉废钢快速熔化的限制性环节,为废钢快速熔化在电弧炉炼钢装备、工艺、技术方面未来发展提供可行方向。     

150t Fuchs竖式电弧炉的炉料配比对生产效率和产品质量的影响

研究了珠钢150 t Fuchs竖式电弧炉的各种钢铁料及布料方式对电耗、冶炼周期和冶金质量的影响。结果表明,配料时必须参照生铁、海绵铁最大加入量、上下工序产能匹配、产品中残余元素的控制、冶炼指标等要求,在质量、成本、效率等方面寻求一合理的平衡点。为加速熔化,在第一篮料的下部适当多装一些生铁和/或较优质的废钢;在最后一篮料的上部装一些质量较好的废钢,下压轻薄废钢避免结团挂料,上部不可装入过多生铁,避免化清后碳太高而导致冶炼时间延长。     

电炉粉尘中锌金属回收的试验研究

电炉炼钢会产生大量的电炉粉尘,多数钢铁厂把粉尘仅简单处理后填埋,造成环境和资源的双重压力。然而电炉粉尘中的铁、锌元素含量较高,具有较高的回收利用价值。针对电炉粉尘中铁锌分离、回收金属锌的可行性进行了理论分析,进而试验研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、不同碳/氧比对铁锌分离的影响。结果表明,当碳/氧比为1.2,焙烧温度1100℃,还原时间10min,可以得到金属化率为84.95%的球团,并且收集到金属锌。     

Remelting of scrap containing tungsten and nickel in the electric arc furnace

Remelting of the metallic scrap containing tungsten and nickel and thermodynamic properties of slag containing tungsten oxide are discussed. Tungsten and nickel in the metallic scrap have to be separated before the scrap may be used for melting of some steels (for example, high speed steel). To separate tungsten and nickel, such scrap (waste drills) was remelted in the 25 t electric arc furnace under oxidizing conditions. Tungsten was oxidised and transferred to the slag phase, while nickel remained in the metal. Further, the slag containing tungsten oxide was used in the melting of high speed steel. Metal containing nickel was utilized in the constructional steel production. Technology of the scrap remelting was developed on the basis of thermodynamic analysis of slag containing tungsten oxide and tungsten slag-metal partition. It was found that the coefficient of tungsten distribution between iron and basic CaO-SiO₂-Fe_tO-WO₃ slag increases with increasing slag basicity. In the industrial oxidising heats a slag of high basicity was used, it secured 94% tungsten extraction from scrap to the slag.     

Development and application of electric arc furnace combined blowing technology

A number of electric arc furnace (EAF) plants in China use high proportions of hot metal in the charge because of availability of excess liquid iron at the steelworks and/or because of the high price of scrap relative to hot metal. Liquid steel costs are still higher than the basic oxygen furnace as the EAF is not as efficient when refining liquid iron. EAF combined blowing technology has been modelled and installed in industrial plants with the aim of increasing stirring and hence improving refining. The industrial application of the combined blowing technology in a number of steel plants indicates that the combined blowing technology of EAF can effectively improve the pool stirring strength and reaction dynamics condition of the molten pool, and optimise production.     

Supplying steel scrap for electric steelmaking in Russia

This article reports on the steel-scrap balance in Russia and analyzes the demand for this resource from the steelmaking industry, as well as the potential sources of steel scrap. It is shown that the continuing growth of electric steelmaking in Russia will soon be challenged by shortages of steel scrap in the market and the need to more thoroughly process the scrap that will be available. Calculations show that when it is necessary to charge additional steel scrap into an arc furnace twice after the cold charge, the unit consumption of electric power is increased by 8.7 kWh/ton cast semifinished product and the heat is lengthened by 3 min. __________ Translated from Metallurg, No. 6, pp. 46–50, June, 2006.