OPTO22热备控制系统在锅炉水位控制中的应用

为使OPTO22控制系统实现自动热备功能，需要解决主控制器与备份控制器之间的组织连接，数据传输，控制器异常检测，主控制器与备份控制器之间互切等一系列问题。本文针对这些问题进行了详细的讨论，提出解决方案，并应用于锅炉水位控制中。     

虚拟控制器的探讨

虚拟控制器是嵌入式系统技术与控制器技术相结合的产物,一般具有标准化、模块化、软件化、网络化和编程图形化的开放式的体系结构.本文介绍了虚拟控制器的概念、特点和软硬件平台.虚拟控制器是未来控制器技术发展的主流,有力地推动现代制造信息化.     

基于PSD算法的神经元PID控制器及其仿真研究

介绍一种基于PSD算法的神经元PID控制器的实现方法。分析该控制器的工作原理,利用该模型对控制器在电加热炉中的应用进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明,基于PSD算法的神经元PID控制器与传统的神经元PID控制器相比,系统的控制性能得到了较大的改善。     

采用先进机器人技术改善浇铸场地的安全及系统作业

过去几年,钢铁工业一直在重点推进一种具有高度可靠性的全自动生产线.作为这项工程技术的一部分,人工劳动正日益被单用途控制器所替代.在连铸工厂,钢包砖套控制器的应用现在已很普遍,而且正在出现从人工向半自动控制器的转换.然而,单用途控制器应用方面存在的一个关键问题是,由于每个附加控制器的任务不同,需要安装的某个附加控制器,会...     

新型模糊PID控制器在大型加热炉中的应用

在分析了普通模糊PID控制器的不足后,通过观察加热炉典型升温曲线,指出如何引入积分器及怎样调整模糊规则才能使控制器更合乎控制要求,并由此设计出一种带智能积分的新型模糊PID控制器。经过在大型加热炉中的实际应用,同常规模糊PID控制器相比,该控制器具有低超调和调节时间短的优点。     

基于准比例谐振控制的光伏并网电流控制方法

为解决小功率单相光伏并网逆变器常规PI控制器在跟踪正弦电流信号时存在稳态误差和输出振荡等方面的问题,文中给出了一种准比例谐振(QPR)控制器,仿真确定了控制器的参数,并通过DSP编程得以实现。最后,通过试验对比了PI和QPR两种控制器的并网控制效果,结果表明,QPR控制器在单相光伏并网电流控制中更具有优越性。     

智能混合型控制器在温度控制的研究与应用

炉温控制系统具有温度时滞、非线性等特点，结合传统PID控制和模糊控制的优缺点，设计出一种混合控制器，解决炉温控制温度稳定性问题。当温度偏差值大于切换值时，模糊控制器做主控制器，以加快系统的温度响应特性。当温度偏差值小于切换值时，PID控制器做主控制器，以提高温度的控制精度。该控制器应用在焦炭反应性强度测定装置中，提高了控制温度的响应特性和精度，具有较强的鲁棒性，控制效果较好。     

运用模糊逻辑调谐PID控制器

本文以模糊逻辑为基础．对比了PID控制器的不同调谐方法。吴体研究了采用模糊方法的各种控制器结构在提高齐格勒-尼氏参数特性上起的作用。为了验证每种控制的全额性能。采用了调试模糊推理系统参数(包括比例系数、从属函数形状等)的遗传算法。此外，对控制器在实际执行中的效果进行了讨论，同时对典型的具有PID特征的模糊控制器和标准PID控制器，以及非线性PID控制器做了比较。结果证明，用模糊设定点加权方法比其他方法具有优越性。     

可编程控制器的应用体会

阐述可编程控制器模块和编程的选择要求，结合污水处理工程系统自行反冲洗小车可编程控制器的设计及运行，介绍改善可编程控制器运行可靠性和安全性的措施。     

车辆主动悬架的Fuzzy-PID控制研究

建立广泛使用的二自由度1/4车辆主动悬架动力学模型,在常规PID控制器的基础上,利用模糊控制推理对PID控制器的三个参数进行在线自整定,构成Fuzzy-PID控制器;在Matlab/Simulink平台上,利用所设计控制器对所建立主动悬架模型进行控制效果仿真,并与采用常规PID控制器的控制效果进行比较。结果表明:在B级路面输入和正弦输入两种情况下,所设计的Fuzzy-PID控制器在提高车辆乘坐舒适性和鲁棒性方面要明显优于常规PID控制方式的主动悬架系统。     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

铕的电化学还原过程中钛阴极失活原因之探讨

铕的电化学还原受多种因素影响，其中阴极极板最为重要。研究了采用钛阴极进行铕的电化学还原常遭遇极板失活问题；并对极板失活进行了探讨与分析，认为钛阴极吸氢以及质劣钛材料是妨碍铕的电化学还原的主要原因。提出了钛板脱氢的初步方案，以及尽可能选择质优钛板材料进行铕的电化学还原的建议。     

Physical interpretation of parameters of the phenomenological model of sintering of porous bodies

The possible participation of excess vacancy generation and annihilation processes in the formation of active imperfections, and the effect of these processes on the kinetics of pore volume shrinkage are considered. The proposed three-stage model x-U-y-W includes a system of equations from which the W(t, T) relationship for isothermal and nonisothermal sintering regimes can be calculated with the aid of a computer (W=v/v, where v=pore volume).Scientific-Research and Planning Institute of Refractory Metals and Hard Alloys. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 8(368), pp. 47–56, August, 1993.