Effects of Ce^3＋ on Chloroplast Senescence of Spinach under Light

The effects of Ce3 on the chloroplast senescence of spinach under light were studied. The results show that when the chloroplasts are illuminated for 1, 5 and 10 min with 500 μmol·cm-2·min-1 light intensity, the oxygen evolution rate is rapidly increased. When the chloroplasts are treated for 20, 30 and 40 min with 500 μmol·cm-2·min-1 light intensity, the oxygen evolution rate is gradually decreased. While spinach is treated with 16 μmol·L-1 Ce3 , the rate of oxygen evolution of chloroplasts in different illumination time (1,5, 10, 20, 30, 40 min) is higher than that of control, and when illumination time is over 10 min, the reduction of the oxygen evolution rate is lower than that of control. It suggests that Ce3 treatment can protect chloroplasts from aging for long time illumination. The mechanism research results indicate that Ce3 treatment can significantly decrease accumulation of active oxygen free radicals such as O2·- and H2O2, and reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and maintain stability of membrane structure of chloroplast under light. It is shown that the redox took place between cerium and free radicals, which are eliminated in a large number, leading to protect the membrane from peroxidating.     

Mechanisms of Enhancement of Photocatalytic Properties and Activity of Nd^3＋ -Doped TiO2 for Methyl Orange Degradation

Nd^3 -doped TiO2 powders were prepared by the sol-gel method. Their crystal pattern and parameter, the specific surface area, the surface chemical state of Ti and the ratio of O/Ti were characterized. The results show that Nd impurity hinders the crystal transformation, and decreases the relative intensity of (101) peak. The crystallite sizes of Nd^3 -doped TiO2 powders decrease while their specific surface area increase owing to the Nd^3 doping. The XPS measurement shows that the content of Ti (Ⅲ) and ratio of O/Ti on their surfaces increase significantly with the increase of Nd^3 dosage. The adsorption and photodegradation experiments show that the optimum molar content of Nd^3 is 1.2%.     

Effects of CeCl3 on Energy Transfer and Oxygen Evolution in Spinach Photosystem Ⅱ

Due to 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence, cerium involved in an oxidation-reduction reaction in plant, closely relating to photosynthesis. Our studies proved that cerium could promote photosynthesis and greatly improve spinach growth. However, the mechanism of promoting energy transfer and conversion by cerium remains unclear. Here we reported that the effects of Ce^3＋ on energy transfer and oxygen evolution in photosystem Ⅱ （PS Ⅱ ） isolated from spinach, which was related to 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence in Ce molecule. The methods of absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum were used in the research. Results showed that Ce^3＋ treatment at low concentration could suitably change PS Ⅱ mieroenvironment, increase the absorbance of visible light, improve the energy transfer among amino acids within PS Ⅱ protein-pigment complex, and accelerate energy transport from tyrosine residue to chlorophyll a. In summary, the photochemical activity of PS Ⅱ （fluorescence quantum yield） and its oxygen evolving rate were enhanced by Ce^3＋.     

Effects of 4f Electron Characteristics and Alternation Valence of Rare Earths on Photosynthesis： Regulating Distribution of Energy and Activities of Spinach Chloroplast

Chloroplasts were isolated from spinach treated with taCl3, CeCl3, and NdCl3. Because of owning 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence, Ce treatment presented the highest enhancement in light absorption, energy transfer from LHC Ⅱ to PS Ⅱ, excitation energy distribution from PS Ⅰ to PS Ⅱ, and fluorescence quantum yield around 680 nm. Compared with Ce treatment, Nd treatment resulted in relatively lower enhancement in these physiological indices, as Nd did not have alternation valence. La treatment presented the lowest enhancement, as La did not have either 4f electron or alternation valence. The increase in activities of whole chain electron transport, PS ⅡDCPIP photoreduction, and oxygen evolution of chloroplasts was of the following order： Ce〉Nd 〉La〉 control. However, the photoreduction activities of spinach PS I almost did not change with La, Ce, or Nd treatments. The results suggested that 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence of rare earths had a close relationship with photosynthesis improvement.     

Improvement of Luminescent Properties of PbWO4 by Doping with Gd3＋ Ions

The luminescent properties of PbW04: Gd3 were studied. The luminescence of Gd3 in PbWO4: Gd3 was quenched. It is possible that the excitation states of Gd3 locate in the conduction band of PbW04 crystal. The luminescent intensity of the green and the blue band of PbW04 emission increases by doping with about 0.005% and 0.01% (molar fraction) Gd3 respectively. Mechanism of this enhancement of PbWO4:Gd3 luminescence is probably due to energy transfer from Gd3 to PbW04 host in the crystal. The PbW04 doped with low concentration of Gd (about 0.005% -0.01% ) is a good scintillating material.     

Inducement of Salicylic Acid in Cucumber Cotyledons by Neodymium and Lanthanum

The cotyledons of cucumber were used to investigate the effects of Nd^3＋ and La^3＋ on physiological characters in respect of plant resistance. The cucumber cotyledons were sprayed with 15 μg · ml^-1· Nd^3＋ and La^3＋, and the changers on salicylic acid （SA） and SA 2-O-β-glucoside （SAG） contents, the generation of ·O2^-, and β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities were measured. The results demonstrated that the yields of endogenous SA and SAG in cucumber cotyledons were enhanced significantly in a short time in response to Nd^3＋ and La^3＋ treatments. At 3 h after La^3＋ treatment, the levels of SA and SAG reached the maximum, with 4.3 and 3.3-fold of that in control （CK）, respectively. At 12 h after Nd3＋ treatment, the contents of SA and SAG reached peak levels, increased by 4.5 and 3.0-fold of that in control （CK）, respec- tively. These two components were kept in a higher level up to 72 h after treatment. The generation rate of · O2^- increased gradually in the treatments of Nd^3＋ or La^3＋, and then decreased in cucumber at 12 h. β-1,3-glucanase activity reached peak at 3 h, while chitinase activity reached peak at 12 h, and then both decreased gradually in Nd^3＋ or La^3＋ treatments. At 72 h after treatment, activities of β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinase increased by about 30% and 50%, as compared with CK. Therefore, these results suggested that both Nd^3＋ and La^3＋ could increase the contents of endogenous SA and its related factors which induce plant resistance through the signal pathway of the salicylic acid.     

Preparation and Characterization of Gd203：Eu^3＋ Sol-Gel Thin Films for X-Ray Imaging

With the pretreatment of pyrolysis, the uni-form, smooth, dense and crack free Gd203:Eu^3 films were obtained by sol-gel process without shielding at mosphere. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ellipsometry, transmission, photoluminescence and X-ray excited emission were applied to study to the surface morphology, structure,thickness and optical properties of the films. The resuits show that the films are made up of grains with cubic structure in average size about 22 nm. With 21 times reproducible spin coating and pyrolysis treatment, the thickness of the film could reach to 792 nm and the transmittance of the film in visible region is above 90%. Two peaks at 223 and 250 nm are found in excitation spectra, which correspond to host lattice(HL) excitation and charge transfer (CT) excitation,respectively. Meanwhile, the main peak relates to HLexcitation which is contrary to that of Gd203:Eu^3 powder. This phenomenon will be beneficial to radioluminescence. The emission spectra show that the main peak located at 611 nm could be excited either by UV or X-ray, which correspond to ^7F2→5D0 transition in Eu3 ions. The luminescence intensity at 10 ms is only 10^-4 time of that at 10 tLs, which means that the afterglow in Gd203:Eu^3 films is insignificant for X-ray imaging.     

Synthesis of YAG：Ce^3＋ Phosphor by Polyacrylamide Gel Method and Promoting Action of α-Al2O3 Seed Crystal on Phase Formation

YAG： Ce^3 ＋ phosphor particles were prepared using polyacrylamide gel method. The structure evolution of powders during annealing process was followed by X-ray diffraction determination. It is found that some intermediate phases, including θ-Al2O3, YAM and YAP, are formed when calcining polyacrylamide gel, however, the pure YAG phase can be formed directly when calcining polyacrylamide gel with α-Al2O3 as seed crystal. These facts show that the existence of α- Al2O3 seed crystal can block the formation of θ-Al2O3, YAM and YAP, and accelerate its reaction with Y2O3 to form YAG phase directly at lower temperature. The emission peak of prepared YAG ： Ce^3 ＋ phosphor is wide with maximum at 550 nm and the exitation band has two peaks, the major one is around at 460 nm, which matches the blue emission of GaN LED and is suitable for the assemble of white LED. Some fluxes can enhance the photoluminescence intensity of phosphor particles, that can be attributed both to the improvement of crystallization processes of YAG and to the stabilization of trivalence cerium ion in YAG：Ce^3 ＋.     

Influence of Lanthanum on Fluorescence Properties of Ag-BaO Thin Films

Ag-BaO thin films doped with lanthanum were prepared by vacuum deposition. Compared with the normal Ag-BaO thin film, there is almost no change with the shape and the peak site of the fluorescence spectrum; however, fluores-cence emission strength of the whole observation band(325 -600 nm)increases about 40%, and the increase of short wavelength range is more remarkable than that of long wavelength range, which we named “blue-stronger“ phenomenon. Analytic results show that, with the forming of intermetallic compounds between silver and lanthanum, the 4f-state energy levels lie just below the Fermi level within 5 eV. It is the energy exchange between the 4f energy levels and the conduction band that causes the increase effect of fluorescence emission, and it is the optical absorption cross section of 4f electron, which increases with the increase of energy of incidence photon, that gives rise to the “blue-stronger“ phenomenon.     

Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Superfine Sr2CeO4 Phosphors by Sol-Gel Auto- Combustion Method

Citric acid complexing sol-gel auto-combustion method was explored to synthesize superfine Sr2CeO4 phosphors using the inorganic salts Sr（NO3）2 and Ce（NO3）3 as raw materials together with citric acid （CA） as a chelating agent. TGDTA, XRD, SEM and photoluminescence spectra were used to investigate the formation process, microstructure and luminescent properties of the synthesized Sr2CeO4. The results show that the crystallization of Sr2CeO4 begins at about 800 ℃ and completes around 900 ℃ with an orthorhombic structure. When the calcination temperature is above 1000 ℃, Sr2CeO4 partly decomposes into SrCeO3. SEM studies show that the particles of Sr2CeO4 obtained at 900 ℃ are sphericallike shape and superfine with diameter below 100 nm. The excitation spectrum of the superfine Sr2CeO4 phosphors displays a broad band with two peaks around 290 and 350 nm respectively. The former peak is stronger than the latter one. This broad band is due to the charge transfer （CT） band of the Ce^4＋ ion. Excited by a radiation of 290 nm, the superfine phosphors emit a strong blue-white fluorescence, and the emission spectrum shows a broad band with a peak around 470 nm, which can be assigned to the f→t1g transition of Ce^4＋ . It is found that the emission intensity is affected by the calcination temperature.     

Effects of Rare Earth Elements on Vigor Enhancement of Aged Spinach Seeds

Inthe 1 970s ,asakindofmicroelementfertilizerinagriculture ,rareearthelements (REEs)wereusedtoachieveanotablecropyieldinChina[1～ 3] .Alargenumberofexperimentsindicatedthatthegerminationrateandvigorofseedswereincreasedbythetreatmentwithrareearthelements ,andthegrowthofseedlingswasalsopromoted .Hongetal.provedthatsoakingseedswithLa3+ ,andCe3+ couldacceleratetheger minationofriceseeds ,greatlypromoteseedvigor ,in creasetherespirationofgerminatedseeds ,obviouslyactivatesomehydrolyticenzymessuch…     

Effects of Ce^3＋ on improvement of spectral characteristics and function of chloroplasts damaged by linolenic acid in spinach

Linolenic acid has great effects on the structure and function of chloroplast. We studied the effects of Ce3+ on the improvement of chloroplast spectral characteristics and oxygen evolution damaged by linolenic acid in spinach. Results showed that Ce3+ could decrease the light absorption increased by linolenic acid and promote the distribution of excitation energy to PS Ⅱ and alleviate the decrease of PS Ⅱ fluo-rescence yield caused by linolenic acid. The linolenic acid treatments in various concentrations reduced the oxygen-evolving rate of chloro-plasts, but the rate was accelerated since adding Ce3+.     

Preparation of Reactive Bright Blue Rare Earth Dyestuffs and Their Spectra Properties

Reactive bright blue rare earth dyestuffs were prepared by using reactive bright blue and lanthanum oxide,praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide, dysprosium oxide, erbium oxide, lutetium oxide, yttrium oxide respectively for dyeing silk cloth.The degree of dyeing of reactive bright blue praseodymium and the degree of fixation of reactive bright blue gadolinium are the biggest, and 22.9% and 7 %are increased with that of reactive bright blue respectively.The spectra of reactive bright blue rare earth and reactive bright blue were studied by UV-VIS.In 200.00 ～ 800.00 nm, reactive bright blue has four absorption peaks, reactive bright blue rare earth has three absorption peaks; in 420.00 ～ 760.00 nm, reactive bright blue has two absorption peaks at 661.50 nm and 625.50 nm, respectively, and λmax is 661.50 nm; reactive bright blue rare earth has one absorption peak at 620.50, 618.00, 622.00, 623.00, 622.50, 619.50, 619.00, 621.00, 624.00, 620.00 nm adding La3 ,Pr3 , Nd3 , Sm3 , Eu3 , Gd3 , Dy3 , Er3 , Lu3 , Y3 respectively.     

工艺参数对电沉积Fe-Nd-P合金成分的影响

采用恒电流沉积法，在含有NdCl3的酸性镀液中获得了不同Nd含量的Fe—Nd—P合金薄膜，通过改变主盐浓度比、络和剂浓度、电流密度、镀液pH值等参数，研究了Fe—Nd—P合金薄膜中Nd含量的变化规律。结果表明，主盐浓度比、络和剂浓度、电流密度、镀液pH值等参数都会影响到镀层中Nd的含量。     

Study on F-F Transitions of Powdered Neodymium Compounds by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

ＴｈｅｐｈｏｔｏａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃｅｆｆｅｃｔｗａｓｆｉｒｓｔｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄａｂｏｕｔａｃｅｎｔｕｒｙａｇｏｂｙＢｅｌｌＡＧ .Ｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａ ｔｉｏｎｓｔｏｇａｓｅｏｕｓａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓ .Ａｕｓｅｆｕｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｒｍａｌｌｙｔｈｉｃｋｓａｍｐｌｅｓｗａｓ ,ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ,ｏｎｌｙｄｅｖｉｓｅｄｄｕｒ ｉｎｇｔｈｅ 1 970′ｓ .Ｓｏ…     

Study on Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+ Doped with Sr2+

Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2 phosphor doped with Sr2 cation for Ca2 partially, was synthesized by solid-state reaction at high temperature under reducing atmosphere, and its luminescent properties were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the emission intensity of the phosphor increases after being doped with a few amount of Sr2 ion. The emission peak of the phosphor blue shift to about 464 nm when the phosphor is doped with large quantity of Sr2 ions. The excitation spectrum indicates that the phosphor can be well excited by UV and blue light from 300 to 460 nm, and the phosphor was fitted well for the excitation by UV or blue-LED.     

Effect of NdCl_3 on the Injury of Membrane and ABA Content under Osmotic Stress

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＮｄＣｌ_３ｏｎｔｈｅＩｎｊｕｒｙｏｆＭｅｍｂｒａｎｅａｎｄＡＢＡＣｏｎｔｅｎｔｕｎｄｅｒＯｓｍｏｔｉｃＳｔｒｅｓｓ￥ＡｎＪｉａｎｐｉｎｇ（安建平）（ＢｉｏｌｏｇｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ，ＴｉａｎｓｈｕｉＮｏｒｍａｌＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ，Ｔｉ?..     

4-乙烯吡啶在稀土钕络合物催化体系下的聚合

本文用稀土化合物的钕系催化剂〔ＮｄＣｌ３－Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３〕于４－乙烯吡啶单体聚合反应进行了研究。考察了Ａｌ－Ｎｄ（摩尔比）、催化剂浓度、反应时间和温度对聚合的影响。     

Synthesis of YAG:Ce3+ Phosphor by Polyacrylamide Gel Method and Promoting Action of α-Al2O3 Seed Crystal on Phase Formation

YAG:Ce3 phosphor particles were prepared using polyacrylamide gel method. The structure evolution of powders during annealing process was followed by X-ray diffraction determination. It is found that some intermediate phases, including θ-Al2O3, YAM and YAP, are formed when calcining polyacrylamide gel, however, the pure YAG phase can be formed directly when calcining polyacrylamide gel with α-Al2O3 as seed crystal. These facts show that the existence of α-Al2O3 seed crystal can block the formation of θ-Al2O3, YAM and YAP, and accelerate its reaction with Y2O3 to form YAG phase directly at lower temperature. The emission peak of prepared YAG:Ce3 phosphor is wide with maximum at 550 nm and the exitation band has two peaks, the major one is around at 460 nm, which matches the blue emission of GaN LED and is suitable for the assemble of white LED. Some fluxes can enhance the photoluminescence intensity of phosphor particles, that can be attributed both to the improvement of crystallization processes of YAG and to the stabilization of trivalence cerium ion in YAG:Ce3 .     

电池级稀土氧化物制备工艺的研究

南方中钇富铕混合稀土先后经Ｎｄ／Ｓｍ分组、Ｌａ／ＣｅＰｒ／Ｎｄ分离,分别得到镧铈镨钕、镧、铈镨富集物、钕;北方富铈氯化然土原料经Ｃｅ／Ｐｒ分组得到镧富休物;除去稀土中非稀土杂质,经沉淀、灼烧后制备多种优质稀土氧化物,混样调配,为火法电解生产电池级稀土金属提供原料。