露点对预氧化还原QP钢表面选择性氧化的影响

以0.2％C-1.8％Si-1.8％Mn成分的QP钢为研究对象,采用预氧化还原模拟试验,在露点分别为-40℃和+10℃的N2-5％(体积分数)H2气氛中制备了预氧化还原试样,使用GD-OES分析了表层5 μm深度范围Fe、Si、Mn、O的元素深度分布,使用SEM观察了表面形貌,使用TEM观察了 FIB制备的截面试样微观形貌.结果表明:预氧化试样表面氧化铁/基板界面位置已存在Si、Mn富集,经过还原退火后,还原铁/基板界面位置的Si、Mn富集进一步增加.提高退火气氛露点促进了 Si、Mn在钢板次表层形成内氧化;减少了还原铁/基板界面位置的Si、Mn外氧化;改变了还原铁/基板界面位置的氧化物组成和结构,由Si-O和Mn-Si-O的双层结构变为Mn-Si-Fe-O复合氧化物结构.     

内氧化对热镀锌高强钢镀层/基板界面的影响

 由于高强钢中添加的Si、Mn等合金元素会在退火时会发生选择性氧化,从而影响镀液与带钢之间的润湿性,因此热镀锌高强钢生产存在可镀性的难题。为了提高热镀锌高强钢的镀层附着性,以不同镀层附着性的连续热镀锌0.2%C-1.8%Si-1.8%Mn高强钢为研究对象,采用GD-OES、SEM、FIB、TEM等研究了镀层/基板界面抑制层与基板次表层内氧化层的特征,同时采用模拟退火试验研究了退火气氛露点对内氧化层形成的影响,揭示了退火气氛露点、内氧化层厚度、抑制层覆盖率与镀层附着性之间的相关性。结果表明,该热镀锌高强钢镀层附着性优劣由镀层/基板界面位置抑制层决定,当抑制层覆盖率达到80%以上时,可获得良好的镀层附着性。内氧化层厚度对抑制层覆盖率的影响存在临界厚度,约为0.58 μm。当内氧化层厚度由0逐渐增加至0.58 μm时,抑制层覆盖率由约10%增加至约80%;当内氧化层厚度由0.58进一步增加至3.85 μm时,抑制层覆盖率略有增加,介于80%~90%之间。提高退火气氛露点可以促进基板次表层形成内氧化,在退火温度分别为800和870 ℃、保温时间为120 s、退火气氛为N₂-5% H₂(体积分数)的试验条件下,当退火气氛露点由-40 ℃提高到+10 ℃时,内氧化层厚度由基本为0提高至3~5 μm。为了获得合适的内氧化层厚度,建议将0.2%C-1.8%Si-1.8%Mn高强钢的退火气氛露点控制在-20~-10 ℃范围内。     

过时效工艺对C-Mn-Si高强钢表面选择性氧化的影响

 为了研究过时效过程露点调节技术在高强钢上的应用，采用热浸镀工艺模拟器研究了过时效工艺中气氛露点温度（－30、－10 ℃）和温度（250、350 ℃）对一种C-Mn-Si高强钢选择性氧化的影响，分别采用FE-SEM和EDS观察分析了试样表面形貌和化学成分，采用GDOES表征了试样表面的元素深度分布，采用XPS确定了氧化物种类。结果表明，高过时效温度（350 ℃）和高露点温度（－10 ℃），可显著抑制锰和硅在钢表面的选择性氧化，此时试样表面为无定型SiOx、无定型MnOx以及纯态锰。随着过时效温度和露点温度的降低，锰和硅在表面的富集明显增加，同时发现，露点温度对合金表面元素富集峰值的影响比过时效温度更显著。采用低过时效温度（250 ℃）和低露点温度（－30 ℃）时，试样表面出现大量富锰和硅的颗粒状氧化物，由晶态的Mn3O4和MnO2以及硅的非化学计量氧化物SiO1.49和SiO0.93组成。     

高强度热镀锌双相钢的可镀性问题研究

 高强度热镀锌双相钢的可镀性问题是当前热镀锌技术的主要热点之一。生产高强热镀锌双相钢的主要难点在于得到理想的组织与可镀性之间的矛盾。国内外研究机构深入研究了高强度双相钢中的合金元素的选择性氧化行为、氧化物的生长规律,以及在退火炉气氛下气相-金属反应。在工业实践上应用这些基本的理论与规律,开发出了多种可提高高强度热镀锌双相钢可镀性的工艺,包括预氧化-还原法、反应退火法、闪镀法等。     

基板表面锈蚀对合金化热镀锌镀层的影响

利用表面轻微锈蚀的Nb Ti-IF钢基板,在IWATANI热镀锌模拟器上进行了合金化热镀锌模拟,研究了基板表面锈蚀经还原退火后的表面状态,以及对最终合金化热镀锌镀层的影响。研究发现,在N2+5%H2的气氛中退火后,锈蚀被还原成有孔隙的细晶粒还原铁,在合金化过程中这些位置锌铁扩散快,形成的镀层比周围正常位置略厚、表面较平,最终在合金化镀层表面表现为白色斑迹。     

加热气氛对一种C-Mn-Si-Al高强钢选择性氧化的影响

为了研究局部露点技术在含铝高强钢上应用的潜力,采用热浸镀工艺模拟器研究了加热过程的露点温度对一种C-Mn-Si-Al高强钢选择性氧化的影响。加热过程中的露点温度设置为-10、-20和-50℃,而在保温过程中的露点温度为-50℃。采用SEM/EDS表征了退火后试样表面的氧化形貌和元素质量分数,使用GDOES分析了退火试样表层的元素深度分布,采用XPS分析鉴定了试样表面的氧化物种类。试验结果表明,使用-10℃露点温度加热时,试样表面氧化轻微,铝元素出现明显内氧化现象。随着加热过程露点温度降低到-50℃,试样表面出现较多富含锰和铝的氧化物。因此,加热过程中较高的露点温度可以抑制合金元素向外表面的富集,减少试样表面的氧化物数量。     

热镀锌镀层粘附性不良的机制研究

通过试样斜磨在扫描电镜下可清晰地直接观察到正常镀层的Fe-Al抑制层。研究结果表明,实际生产中导致粘附性不良的原因多种多样,但却都表现为镀层异常。NOF段空燃比(过剩空气系数)偏低时,带钢表面碳富集导致粘附性不良。NOF段板温与空燃比过高时,氧化严重导致还原段负荷过重,表面还原不良引发粘附性不良,此时,靠近基板的镀层处存在大量ZnO。镀锌层分层(镀层控制不良)导致粘附性不良,分层处为ZnO相。     

Ti-IF钢基板晶粒对合金化热镀锌镀层的影响

利用合金化热镀锌模拟的方法,研究了Ti-IF钢基板晶粒对合金化热镀锌镀层的影响。首先利用不同的退火温度分别获得等轴晶和未再结晶基板,然后进行热镀锌并在不同温度下进行合金化处理,分别获得纯锌、欠合金化及合金化镀层。利用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察镀层的表面、截面形貌以及镀层/基板界面上的Fe-Al阻挡层形貌。结果表明,等轴晶基板表面的GA镀层＂火山口＂形貌明显,微观上镀层厚度不均匀;未再结晶基板表面的GA镀层则表面较平,无＂火山口＂形貌,镀层厚度均匀。造成上述差异的原因是：等轴晶基板晶粒表面的Fe-Al阻挡层不均匀,而未再结晶基板晶粒表面的阻挡层均匀,从而导致合金化过程中合金化速度和程度的差异。     

锡对热镀锌镀层组织和性能的影响

通过对镀锌层正面、侧面组织结构以及拉伸试样镀层正面断口形貌的观察,分析了Ｓｎ对热镀锌板镀层组织和性能的影响,认为锌液中过量的Ｓｎ可增加热镀锌层的厚度;Ｓｎ加入后导致Ｆｅ－Ｚｎ层中Ｐｂ－Ｓｎ颗粒析出,Ｐｂ、Ｓｎ元素在锌花晶界富集,使镀层的强度和附着性下降。     

1273 K热处理过程中FeO对硅锰脱氧钢中复合氧化物的影响

利用高温共聚焦激光显微镜将硅锰脱氧钢基体和六元复合氧化物MnO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO-MgO-FeO制作成扩散偶,揭示了扩散偶在1 273 K保温热处理10 h后"钢基体-氧化物"两者界面反应规律,探索了FeO对该界面反应的影响机理。结果表明,热处理下复合氧化物MnO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO-MgO与硅锰脱氧钢之间的界面反应会导致FeO大量分解生成铁以及氧,靠近交界面处氧化物内部生成金属单质铁颗粒,过剩的氧扩散至钢基体交界面处与硅、锰生成大量硅锰类氧化物颗粒。     

Galvanizing and Galvannealing Behavior of CMnSiCr Dual-Phase Steels

Alloying elements, such as Mn, Mo, Si, and Cr, are commonly used to enhance the strength of advanced high-strength steels. Those elements also play an important role in the hot-dip galvanizing (GI) and galvannealing (GA) process. In this study, two kinds of CMnSiCr dual-phase steels were galvanized and galvannealed using a hot-dip simulator to investigate the effect of the alloying elements on the microstructure of the GI and GA coatings. The results showed that the dual-phase steels had good galvanizability because no bare spots were observed and the Fe-Zn phases were readily formed at the interface. However, the alloying reaction during the GA process was significantly hindered. XPS analysis showed that external oxidation occurred under an extremely low dew point [213 K to 203 K (?60 °C to ?70 °C)] atmosphere during the annealing prior to hot dipping. However, most of the oxides were reduced during the GI process. After the GI process, the Al was present as solid solutes in the Fe-Zn phase, suggesting that the Fe-Zn phase was formed from the transformation of the Fe-Al inhibition alloy. Meanwhile, the solubility of Si in the ζ phase was extremely low. With continued GA reaction, the ζ phase transformed into the δ phase, which contained approximately 1.0 at.pct Si. The Si also diffused into the Zn layer during the GA reaction. Hence, the ζ phase did not homogeneously nucleate at the steel substrate/Zn coating interface, but was found at the area away from the interface. Therefore, the Fe-Zn phases on the CMnSiCr dual-phase steels were relatively non-uniform compared to those on interstitial-free steel.     

宝钢热镀锌无铬耐指纹产品

比较了热镀锌含铬耐指纹钢板和无铬耐指纹钢板的涂层结构,研究了宝钢热镀锌无铬耐指纹钢板的各项表面特性,包括耐蚀性、耐指纹性、导电性等,并根据家电用户的使用特点,针对性地设计了耐湿热性、耐高温性、耐溶剂性、涂装性等性能的实验室评价方法。详细阐述了耐指纹膜厚度与该产品表面电阻值以及通过率之间的关系。结果表明,宝钢热镀锌无铬耐指纹钢板性能优良,基本能够满足用户的需求。     

Hot-dip galvanising behaviours of a CMnSiCr DP780 steel

In order to evaluate the galvanisability of a CMnSiCr DP780 steel, which is originally designed for manufacturing continuously annealed bare steel sheet, hot-dip galvanising experiments were conducted on a hot-dip process simulator. The process and galvanising behaviours were investigated. The results indicate that the alloying elements such as Si, Mn and Cr segregate and selectively oxidise at the surface during annealing. Besides external oxidation, internal oxidation of Cr and Mn is observed. Aluminothermic reducing reaction is effective to reduce the negative effect of surface oxides on the galvanisability of this steel and improve the coating quality. According to the measurement results and discussions, it is believed that this CMnSiCr DP780 steel could possibly be used to produce the corresponding hot-dip galvanised or galvannealed product when further increasing the Al content in Zn bath slightly, especially for galvannealed product.     

先进镀锌高强钢中液态金属脆化的研究进展及挑战

先进高强钢广泛用于汽车车身结构,能够在保证车辆安全性的同时使整体车身减重,满足节能减排的要求,在汽车轻量化方面已凸显出巨大的应用潜力.通常汽车用高强钢板需要进行表面镀锌处理以提高车身结构的抗腐蚀能力.但镀锌高强钢板在点焊过程中容易产生液态金属脆化,降低焊接接头的承载性能.镀锌热成形高强钢在热成形过程中也会产生液态金属脆...     

热镀锌板镀层表面缺陷及其消除措施

介绍热镀锌钢板镀层表面存在的诸如划伤、气刀条痕、辊印、波纹和条纹等缺陷的产生原因及其消除措施,同时还侧重介绍热镀锌钢板今后需要研究的锌渣缺陷、镀层表面质量与漆膜质量之间关系的课题。     

光整对热镀锌IF钢板力学性能的影响

在生产DQ级以下的热镀锌机组上进行了Ti—IF钢热镀锌实验,研究了光整对Ti-IF钢热镀锌板力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,在正常情况下,热镀锌钢板其屈服强度在150MPa左右,r,n平均值分别为2．5和0．25。但是光整后,屈服强度明显提高,n值明显降低。实验结果,提出了根据用户的不同要求,采用不同的工艺路线来保证Ti—IF钢的力学性能。并且对热镀锌Ti—IF钢力学性能的控制问题进行了一些讨论。     

合金化热镀锌镀层剥落引起的点缺陷研究

研究了一种合金化热镀锌钢板表面的小亮点,该亮点由多层叠加的镀层压入引起.用油石打磨表面后,小亮点转变为暗点,暗点内部或露出基板表面或留有布满裂纹的镀层,残留的镀层与基板结合力较差.该缺陷的起因是热镀锌平整辊表面质量差,致使锌层剥落后粘在辊子表面,累积多层后被压入钢板,形成小亮点.保持平整辊较高的表面质量,减少辊子表面粘锌,能有效降低该缺陷的发生.     

Effect of thermal spray on the microstructure and adhesive strength of high-velocity oxy-fuel-sprayed Ni-Cr coatings on 9Cr-1Mo steel

Coatings of 80Ni-20Cr and 50Ni-50Cr on a 9Cr-1Mo steel substrate were produced by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying to protect the steel against steam oxidation in ultrasupercritical (USC) boilers. The oxidation studies on the coated specimens showed good protection against the scale growth on the steel substrate. Both the 80Ni-20Cr and 50Ni-50Cr coatings formed a thin protective oxide film on the coating surface. The 80Ni-20Cr coating showed Fe diffusion from the substrate to the coating and nickel diffusion from the coating to the substrate during the oxidation process. In the case of 50Ni-50Cr coatings, the diffusion process was reduced, but a continuous layer of chromium carbide was observed at the coating/substrate interface during the oxidation. The adhesive/cohesive strength of these coatings was evaluated on aged specimens at 750 °C by using a simple tensile test. The results of the as-coated 80Ni-20Cr specimens showed an adhesive-strength value of 68 MPa. On extended aging, the strength of the coating increased beyond the detection limit of the resin. The nickel diffusion from the coating to the substrate and the iron diffusion from the substrate to the coating caused the increased adhesive strength. In the case of 50Ni-50Cr, the as-coated specimens showed an average adhesive strength of 76 MPa and showed a decreasing trend on the aged specimens. The formation of chromium carbide at the interface caused inferior values in the adhesive/cohesive strength of the 50Ni-50Cr coatings. The chromium carbide formed on the coating/substrate interface was identified as M₂₃C₆-type carbide.     

Hot-dip Galvanizing of Carbon Steel after Cold Rolling with Oxide Scale and Hydrogen Descaling简

A new processing method for producing hot dip galvanized steel is designed and tested, in which pickling is skipped. Hot-rolled low carbon steel sheets are roiled with oxide scale in an experimental mill at room temperature, prior to annealing under a 20% hydrogen reducing atmosphere and galvanizing on a hot-dip galvanizing simulator. Micro-cracks formed in the oxide scale during cold rolling roughen the steel surface and enlarge the specific surface. Through-thickness cracks provide transport channels for hydrogen, and hence the reduction of oxide scale is en- hanced. When the sheet is dipped in the zinc bath, cracks are submerged by liquated zinc and the defects are not dis- tinct after hot-dip galvanizing. The overlay coating occludes with rough surface of the sheet, whereby a superior coat- ing adherence is realized.