熔炼炉水淬冲渣的改造实践

为减缓冷却池轻质水淬渣的淤积量和降低烟化炉水渣含铅指标,通过渣池分割、冲渣系统分离等措施,完成侧吹炉水淬渣内循环,降低烟化炉冲渣循环水含铅指标,实现水淬渣含铅量指标满足下游产业矿渣指标要求。     

侧吹炉处置危险废物的二噁英产排水平研究

对侧吹炉处置危险废物产生废气中的二噁英排放水平进行了研究,以年处理100 kt危险废物为例,得出结论:二噁英产生量为5 000～35 000 g/a,排放量为0.075～0.5 g/a,类比数据表明二噁英排放浓度为0.028～0.31 ng/m3。结合《重点行业二噁英污染防治技术政策》,给出了侧吹炉处置危险废物的废气处理工艺流程和主要技术参数。     

电子废弃物资源化回收冶炼炉渣危险特性研究

废电路板有色金属资源化回收利用过程中,会产生大量冶炼炉渣。针对《国家危险废物名录》(2021年版)实施后有色金属资源化回收冶炼炉渣的下一步安全处置方式、危险特性不明等问题,选取国内某典型电子危险废物治理企业富氧侧吹冶炼炉渣为研究对象,通过采集100个样品进行元素种类和腐蚀性、毒性特性测试,得出该冶炼炉渣不具有危险废物鉴别标准规定的危险特性,可按照一般工业固体废物进行管理的结论。该结论有助于冶炼炉渣的危险特性判断和环境监管,也为冶炼炉渣类无害化处理和资源化利用提供了技术指导。     

危险废物逆流焚烧-高温熔融新工艺

目前危险废物处置以焚烧、安全填埋及综合利用为主,而危险废物焚烧灰渣仍需安全填埋处置,如何取消对安全填埋的依赖是困扰行业的难题。中国恩菲提出危险废物"逆流焚烧-高温熔融"新工艺,该工艺主要包括危险废物预处理、逆流焚烧及高温熔融,高温熔融炉烟气直接进入回转式焚烧炉,熔渣直接水淬作为建筑材料综合利用,彻底解决了危险废物炉渣填埋占地难题。该工艺具有环保好、能耗低、资源化等诸多优势,将推动环保行业技术进步。     

侧吹浸没燃烧炉+烟化炉处理锌渣技术

湿法炼锌渣一般含有锌、银等有价金属,同时含铅、镉、砷等重金属,属于危险废物,需对其进行无害化处置,并回收锌、铅、银等金属。目前国内主要的锌渣处理技术有回转窑、烟化炉、顶吹炉工艺,虽然技术成熟,但在节能和环保方面还有较大提升空间。针对此问题,中国恩菲开发了侧吹浸没燃烧炉(SSC)+烟化炉(FF)处理锌浸出渣工艺,该工艺具有操作简单、能耗低、有价金属回收率高、环保好等特点。通过与既有技术相对比,其在工艺操作、金属回收率、燃料消耗、热能利用、尾气处理和环保方面均达到最优。该技术集危废处置和资源化利用为一体,将对危废处置领域产生重大影响。     

锌浸出渣富氧侧吹处理技术

湿法炼锌的浸出渣成分各不相同，但均含有锌、银等有价金属，同时含铅、镉、砷等重金属，属于危险废物，需要进行无害化处理，同时回收其中的有价金属。目前中国主流的锌浸出渣处理技术有回转窑、烟化炉、顶吹炉等。这些技术已经应用多年，技术成熟可靠，但在节能和环保方面还有较大提升空间。近年来，富氧侧吹技术开始成功应用于锌浸出渣处理，主要包括中国恩菲的侧吹浸没燃烧技术和瓦纽科夫式侧吹技术。本文在综述锌浸出渣处理技术现状基础上，介绍锌浸出渣熔池熔炼机理及"侧吹炉+烟化炉"工艺流程，以实际工程案例介绍瓦纽科夫式侧吹炉和侧吹浸没燃烧炉两种侧吹技术在中国锌冶炼工厂的应用，并从炉体结构、生产操作以及技术指标等方面对这两种侧吹技术进行分析比较。中国恩菲的侧吹浸没燃烧技术处理锌浸出渣具有能耗低、熔炼温度可控、操作简单、自动化程度高、开炉成本低、烟气稳定且氮氧化物含量低等优势，未来将成为中国乃至世界湿法锌冶炼渣的主流处理工艺。     

侧吹炉优化设计探讨

侧吹炉在我国有色冶炼行业应用愈来愈多,本文叙述了侧吹炉的构成,并对炉缸、铜水套、风口的设计进行了详细介绍,对侧吹炉优化设计进行了探讨。     

富氧侧吹炉处理含铜污泥生产实践

目前含铜污泥清洁高效资源化处理处置已成为国内外研究的热点趋势。基于自主研发的NRT富氧侧吹熔炼技术,详细描述了处理含铜污泥原料的工艺原理、流程及生产实践情况。结果表明,控制主要参数指标:渣温1 100～1 300℃,Fe/SiO_2=0.8～1.2,CaO/SiO_2=0.6～0.8,富氧浓度45%～65%等,产品粗铜的回收率可达到95%以上,水淬炉渣不具危险特性,烟气排放满足危险废物焚烧污染控制标准,综合实现了含铜污泥无害化处置及资源化利用要求。     

镁冶炼还原渣场工业固废毒性鉴别分析与综合利用

近年来,我国镁冶炼行业快速发展,随着原镁和镁合金年产量的逐年增高,排放出来的镁渣也越来越多,通过对镁冶炼还原渣场工业固废腐蚀性-p H鉴别及浸出液中重金属和无机化合物浸出毒性鉴别分析,最终确定镁冶炼还原渣是否属于危险废物,根据鉴别结果给出处置镁渣的合理性建议。     

湿法炼锌浸出渣处理方式的分析

针对日益严格的环保、节能降耗要求,本文阐述了几种湿法炼锌浸出渣的处理方法,并对富氧侧吹炉处理锌浸出渣进行了分析,认为富氧侧吹炉处理锌浸出渣是一种环保、节能降耗的新技术。     

富氧侧吹工艺处理相关危险废物的新进展

富氧侧吹熔池熔炼技术在铜冶炼得到广泛使用,同时该技术在富铅渣还原冶炼和废旧铅酸蓄电池综合处理等领域已有成功案例。结合目前国内危废行业的发展现状,就富氧侧吹工艺处理相关危险废物的先进性及新进展展开论述,并结合工程实例加以论证。     

富氧侧吹熔池熔炼工艺的冶金计算与生产实践

富氧侧吹熔池熔炼工艺的论证要先进行冶金计算,其中熔炼炉渣的化学成分是参照其他熔炼炉渣的化学成分设计的.根据反射炉熔炼和铜锍吹炼冶金计算方法并在其基础上进行修改,完成了富氧侧吹熔池熔炼工艺的冶金计算.与冶金计算结果相比,富氧侧吹熔池熔炼工艺正常生产时,产能提高,消耗降低,熔炼炉渣的化学成分与冶金计算值接近.     

烟化法处理铅锌冶炼渣的生产实践与探讨

铅锌冶炼渣含有锌、铅、银、锗等有价金属,且属重金属危废物。根据锌浸出渣和铅还原渣的特性,将固态锌浸出渣与液态铅还原渣按配比混合烟化处理。该技术应用实践表明：铅锌冶炼渣通过烟化炉搭配处理,具有生产效率高、资源利用率高、节能环保等优点。既能有效回收铅锌冶炼渣中的有价金属,又实现了铅锌冶炼渣的无害化处理。     

氧气侧吹还原炉及高铅渣熔融还原过程研究

简要介绍了氧气侧吹炉的炉型结构,高铅渣熔融还原过程及特性。生产实践表明,采用氧气侧吹炉处理高铅渣,节能效果明显,生产清洁环保,设备运行稳定,占地少。     

高炉渣不同干法粒化工艺的对比试验

 为了改善高炉渣的干法粒化效果,确定合适的粒化工艺,通过对高炉渣进行多种方式的干法粒化试验,比较了不同粒化方式的特征及机制,结果表明,随着冷淬风量的增大,粒化渣向针状和丝状形态转变,传统风淬无法获得理想的颗粒尺寸和形态;采取气水混淬粒化可在较小的风量条件下改善液态渣的粒化效果,避免丝状渣的产生,可作为未来风淬法的发展方向;机械粒化效果优于风淬粒化,采取机械与风淬联合粒化,可获取最优的粒化和玻璃化效果。     

The Effect of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag and Fly Ash Additions in Triaxial Porcelain Composition: Phase and Micro Structural Evolution

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag generated in iron and steel industries were gradually added in a standard triaxial vitrified porcelain tile composition substituting feldspar. Fly ash, a by product of thermal power plant was used as filler by replacing quartz in part or full. The effect of such additions on the physico-mechanical properties of the samples fabricated by ceramic processing technique and heated in the temperature range of 1,050–1,200 °C have been investigated. Out of seven compositions studied, three were selected for detailed investigation on the basis of their lower vitrification temperature. Among three, two have shown early vitrification at 1,150 °C and resulted in highest flexural strength (>70 MPa), while another one vitrified at 1,200 °C and resulted in lower strength (~55 MPa). This variation in mechanical properties is correlated with their densification behaviour, XRD and SEM data. X-Ray diffraction studies confirm the presence of anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈), mullite (Al₆Si₂O₁₃), fayalite(Fe₂SiO₄), quartz (SiO₂), enstatite(MgSiO₃). The weight percentages of crystalline and glassy phases have also been calculated form Rietveld analysis of XRD data. The SEM photomicrographs on selected vitrified specimens supported the XRD observation. The paper also discusses the application of such vitrified products in construction industries.     

Preparation of glass-forming materials from granulated blast furnace slag

Glass precursor materials, to be used for the vitrification of hazardous wastes, have been prepared from blast furnace slag powder through a sol-gel route. The slag is initially reacted with a mixture of alcohol (ethanol or methanol) and mineral acid (HNO₃ or H₂SO₄) to give a sol principally consisting of Si, Ca, Al, and Mg alkoxides. Gelation is carried out with variable amounts of either ammonia or water. The gelation rate can be made as fast as desired by adding excess hydrolizing agent or else by distilling the excess alcohol out of the alkoxide solution. The resulting gel is first dried at low temperature and ground. The powder thus obtained is then heat treated at several temperatures. The intermediate and final materials are characterized by thermal analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical analysis. From the results, the operating conditions yielding a variety of glass precursors differing in their composition are established. The method, in comparison with direct vitrification of slag, presents a number of advantages: (1) the glass precursor obtained devitrifies at higher temperatures; (2) it enables the adjustment, to a certain extent, of the chemical composition of the glass precursor; and (3) it permits recovering marketable materials at different stages of the process.     

锌浸出渣侧吹熔化炉的设计

简述了锌冶炼浸出渣处理方法,简要介绍了侧吹浸没燃烧熔池熔炼的技术原理,重点介绍了侧吹熔化炉的结构设计,并对该技术的应用进行了展望。     

The use of blast furnace slag and derived materials in the vitrification of electric arc furnace dust

The electric arc furnace (EAF) dust was added to blast furnace granulated slag or a gel produced by dissolving slag in HNO₃/EtOH followed by alkaline hydrolysis and gelification, and then it was vitrified. The proportion of EAF dust used was between 5 and 30 wt pct. The physicochemical properties of the glasses produced were studied by the X-ray powder diffraction technique, differential thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal properties (dilatometric softening point, glass transition temperature, and thermal expansion coefficient) were determined. Finally, analyses were performed on leachability and ecotoxicity. The results suggest that the use of either slag or slag-derived gel produces a borosilicate glass with thermal properties similar to those of conventional soda-lime-silicate glass.     

基于Metcal模拟富氧侧吹处理锌浸尾渣工艺流程计算

基于Metcal对富氧侧吹处理锌浸尾渣工艺流程进行模拟计算。结果表明,在投入量22 t/h的条件下,侧吹炉需要氧气量为5 442.124 m³/h、空气量为5 532.826 m³/h,产出熔炼炉渣中含Fe 32.903%、Zn 5.677%。烟化炉所需空气量为10 879.602 m³/h,产出烟化渣中含Fe 47.786%、Zn 0.828%。与模拟计算结果相比,现场物料化验结果熔炼炉渣中Fe含量低2.783个百分点、Pb含量低0.215个百分点、Zn含量低0.777个百分点。烟化渣中Fe含量低2.536个百分点、Pb含量低0.139个百分点、Zn含量高0.672个百分点。次氧化锌中Fe含量低0.771个百分点、Pb含量高1.811个百分点、Zn含量高0.42个百分点。基于Metcal建立的侧吹熔炼脱硫-烟化吹炼提锌工艺数学模型具有良好的可靠性,对生产具有一定的指导意义。