直接还原技术进展及其在中国的发展

近年来,全球直接还原铁(DRI/HBI)产量和需求逐年增加,表明直接还原技术是钢铁工业不可缺少的组成部分,有助于炼铁生产摆脱焦煤资源短缺的羁绊,降低钢铁生产能耗,提高钢铁产品质量和品质。气基竖炉生产规模不断增大,成为主要的生产工艺;竖炉直接还原铁热装热送技术的发展进一步降低了工序能耗。回转窑、隧道窑等工艺在特定地区迅速发展,但很难成为直接还原铁生产的主流。我国具备发展直接还原生产的资源条件和技术基础,煤制气—气基竖炉技术是可能的主要发展方向。     

非高炉炼铁现状及中国钢铁工艺发展方向

概述了我国炼铁工艺现状以及非高炉炼铁工艺最新进展,结合我国国情以及发达国家钢铁工业发展经验,提出我国钢铁工业的发展方向应为DRI(废钢)-电炉短流程。相比传统高炉-转炉流程,DRI-电炉短流程可实现节能50%、减少污染物排放量70%以上。同时,基于煤制气工艺的合理选择与评价,对天然气竖炉和煤制气-竖炉的技术经济性进行了对比分析,发现煤气成本(设备折旧15年)约为0.5元/m~3时,流化床法煤制气-气基竖炉即可与天然气成本2元/m~3的天然气竖炉竞争。在对我国非高炉炼铁现状的研究基础上,简要叙述了东北大学煤制气-气基竖炉中试工程相关进展。     

气基竖炉直接还原技术的发展现状与展望

 阐述了气基竖炉直接还原工艺的技术特点和发展现状,分析了在中国资源和能源条件下气基竖炉直接还原技术发展所面临的主要问题。基于气基竖炉直接还原工艺的特点,对该工艺的原料、还原气等进行了分析研究。指出非常规天然气资源的有效开采和加压煤制气工艺投资、运行成本的显著降低,将是未来气基竖炉直接还原技术发展的主要推动力,同时利用钢铁企业过剩的煤气资源和中国局部地区相对丰富的天然气资源生产直接还原铁,是今后中国气基竖炉直接还原技术发展的重要方向。参照唐山地区的原料和能源价格,对年产量为80万t/a的直接还原铁装置的生产成本和技术经济可行性进行了分析,分析结果表明：原燃料价格波动对DRI成本影响显著,其中还原气成本约占DRI生产成本的10%~25%;若按DRI替代转炉废钢计算效益,要求天然气价格低于1.8元/m3。     

首条焦炉煤气炼铁生产线可减排90％以上

日前,山西中晋太行矿业有限公司与北京神雾集团签约,由北京神雾集团总承包建设中晋太行30万t／a焦炉煤气竖炉直接还原炼铁项目。这是我国也是全球第一条完全利用焦炉煤气来代替焦炭和喷煤的炼铁工业化生产线,将大幅度的降低炼铁生产的能耗和CO2、NOx、SOx、PM2．5等污染物的排放,也填补了中国气基竖炉直接还原炼铁技术和产品的空白。     

气基竖炉直接还原技术的发展

介绍了Midrex和HyLⅢ气基竖炉技术以及在其基础上开发的可以不依赖天然气直接使用煤制气等作还原剂技术的发展与应用现状,并指出气基竖炉工艺具有能耗低、投资少、产品质量高等特点。     

气基竖炉直接还原炼铁流程重构优化

直接还原铁比较纯净、成分稳定,是电炉炼钢的优质原料。中国焦化行业产生大量焦炉煤气,适宜发展以焦炉煤气为还原气的竖炉直接还原炼铁流程,现有工艺主要有Midrex工艺和HYL-ZR工艺。为了解决Midrex工艺和HYL-ZR工艺所存在的问题,通过流程功能分析,提出气基竖炉直接还原重构优化流程,主要工序包括焦炉煤气压缩、TSA预处理、PSA脱碳、PSA提纯CH₄、富氢气加热、竖炉直接还原炼铁等。该流程不仅净化焦炉煤气,而且可分离CH₄,使还原气中H₂与CO的比例达到8,并省去CH₄重整环节,提高炉内直接还原效率。该流程前端与焦化工序连接,后端与电弧炉连接,不仅有利于钢铁联合企业资源优化配置,而且可以生产天然气,提高能源利用效率。     

《低碳炼铁技术》出版发行北大核心

《低碳炼铁技术》已于2021年5月由冶金工业出版社出版发行。该书概述了低碳炼铁背景和主要技术方向,详细阐述了高炉喷吹焦炉煤气富氢还原炼铁技术,复合铁焦和含碳复合炉料制备及高炉低碳冶炼技术,气基竖炉直接还原短流程及其应用于高铬型钒钛磁铁矿高效清洁冶炼技术,不锈钢粉尘、硼泥和铝业赤泥等典型冶金二次资源高效高值化利用技术的最新研究成果。     

非高炉炼铁工艺现状及未来适应性分析

在国家产业升级、节能减排的大背景下,钢铁节能减排、清洁生产、最大限度地减少烧结和焦化工序的SO_2、NO_X、CO_2和烟粉尘排放、构筑绿色产业体系,是我国钢铁企业转型升级的主要目标。非高炉炼铁工艺对炼铁工序的节能减排、实现生产过程环境友好、降低炼铁对主焦煤的依赖具有得天独厚的优势。本文通过分析非高炉炼铁主流工艺的现状,阐明了各个工艺在中国的未来适应性。随着铁矿精选技术、煤制气技术的成熟,及气基竖炉生产规模的大型化,煤制气-竖炉将成为我国主要的直接还原生产工艺。Corex工艺在特定的资源条件下,在成本、能耗和环境上的竞争力将可能超过高炉。     

气基竖炉生产直接还原铁工艺的技术经济分析

介绍了焦炉煤气竖炉直接还原铁工艺,在分析气基竖炉生产直接还原铁技术的市场前景基础上,从成本、盈亏平衡、敏感性等方面对焦炉煤气竖炉直接还原铁工艺进行了技术经济分析,提出了降低生产成本的建议,即:廉价的原料气、能源介质,搞好综合利用,回收有用资源,选择合适的规模等。     

气基竖炉直接还原球团技术的发展

论述了球团矿质量对气基竖炉直接还原生产和DRI质量的影响以及DRI质量对炼钢生产的影响.介绍了提高气基竖炉直接还原工艺用球团矿质量的技术,包括降低Si02含量、降低粘结趋势、提高还原性和提高大粒度(12.5～16.0 mm)球团比率等措施及其发展.指出若把低TFe、高脉石含量的高炉用球团矿直接用于气基直接还原竖炉,至少应该采用球团涂层技术;如果球团矿脉石含量较高,需要借助工业试验进行综合分析以确定其经济性.     

Chinalco Signed Framework Agreement for Strategic Cooperation with Harbin Municipal Government

正Last month,Chinalco signed framework agreement for strategic cooperation with Harbin Municipal Government in Harbin Xiong Weiping,Chairman of Chinalco,said that based on the strategic deployment to build world top-class mining company with the highest growth potential,Chinalco was now concentrating all efforts on making strategic transition and structural adjustment,strategic cooperation with the local governments where     

Jiangxi Promotes Jiangxi Copper Corporation To Become The World's Most Competitive Mining Company

<正>According to the latest info from Jiangxi Province State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission,Jiangxi Copper Corporation was approved to become the first pilot enterprise for deepening reform.Contents of the pilot work is"Three Self"(self expansion,self decision-making,self     

Journal of Rare Earths Contents List of Vol.32(2014)

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Contributions to Baosteel Technical Research wanted

正Baosteel Technical Research,a quarterly journal,which is issued domestically and abroad,is run and sponsored by Baosteel Group Corporation.Baosteel Technical Research mainly reports the achievements in technological innovation,academic research,new product development and industrial equipment improvement by Baosteel.It will continue to follow up on hot topics and serve the company’s technological development and progress.Its readers include experts in     

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: No Short Term Solution For Our Country’s Excess Nonferrous Metal Smelting Capacity

【正】According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,the Ministry has released the 2013 Operation Report on China’s Industrial Communication Indu...     

Chinalco Signed Framework Agreement for Strategic Cooperation with Gansu Province

正Recently,Chinalco and Gansu Provincial People’s Government signed"Framework Agreement for Strategic Cooperation on Reform,Restructuring and Transition Development of Chinalco’s Electrolytic Aluminum Enterprises in Gansu",signifying that the strategic cooperation between Chinalco and Gansu Province had made new substantive progress.     

Unavoidable Economic Cycle:30% Of Nonferrous Metal Companies Were Involved In Restructuring

正Owing to continual downturn in real estate and bulk commodity markets,a number of traditional industries in China suffered unfavorable impact in performance.With the progressive disclosure of third quarter report,the no-pleasant-surprise performance of     

Baotou Rare Earth Became the World's Biggest High Performance Magnetic Material Base

正The High Performance Magnetic Material Phase II Project,an industry upgrading project implemented by Inner Mongolia Baotou IronSteel Rare Earth(Group)Hi-tech Co.,Ltd,recently basically finished equipment commissioning,signifying that the enterprise had developed the production capacity of15000 t/a Nd-Fe-B strip casting alloy and 5000t/a Nd-Fe-B magnet,thus becoming the world’s     

Introducing Two Central Enterprises to Integrate Rare Earth Industry,Shandong Rare Earth Group Breaks Surface

正With the signing of"Letter of intention for Propelling Integration of Shandong Rare Earth Enterprises"between Shandong Province Commission Of Economy and Informatization,China IronSteel Research Institute Group("China Steel Institute"),and China Rare MetalsRare Earth Co.,Ltd("China Rare Earth"),the"Shandong Rare Earth Group"jointly set up by the 3 units thus broke surface.On August 9,reporters of the China Economic Herald learned from Shandong Province     

Aluminium Production by Province or City in 2014

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