捕收剂NH-03浮选次生硫化铜矿石试验

通过纯矿物和实际矿石浮选试验,采用丁基黄药、Z-200和NH-03作为捕收剂,在不同条件下进行了辉铜矿和黄铁矿的浮选对比试验,并通过吸附量测试,研究NH-03对辉铜矿和黄铁矿浮选效果的影响。结果表明:NH-03对辉铜矿具有较强的捕收能力及选择性,在弱碱性环境下即可实现同黄铁矿的有效分离。实际矿石闭路试验结果显示:在原矿含铜0.92%、含硫7.51%的情况下,可获得含铜21.16%、铜回收率为80.50%的铜精矿,含硫38.92%、硫回收率为66.13%的硫精矿。吸附量测试结果表明:在整个p H值区间内,辉铜矿对NH-03的吸附能力均强于黄铁矿,辉铜矿表面NH-03的吸附量受p H值的影响较小,而黄铁矿在高p H值区间内,对NH-03的吸附能力很弱。     

硫氨酯浮选分离高冰镍的研究

以硫氨酯为捕收剂，对六方硫镍矿（Ｎｉ３Ｓ２）和辉铜矿（Ｃｕ２Ｓ）的浮选行为以及高冰镍的浮选分离进行了研究。试验结果表明，硫氨酯对辉铜矿捕收能力强，对六方硫镍矿捕收能力弱，具有很好的选择性捕收性能，有利于高冰镍的浮选分离，能很好地降低铜精矿和镍精矿的互含。通过药剂结构、性能计算分析和ＸＰＳ测试证实，硫氨酯捕收Ｃｕ２Ｓ作用强，是化学吸附，捕收Ｎｉ３Ｓ２作用弱，是物理吸附。     

捕收剂烯丙基异丁基硫氨酯在硫化铜矿表面的吸附机理

烯丙基异丁基硫氨酯(ATC)是新一代酯类选矿药剂,它对黄铜矿捕收力强,黄铁矿捕收力弱,是铜硫分离的优良捕收剂。为了考察ATC对黄铜矿和黄铁矿分离的影响及吸附机理,在纯矿物浮选试验的基础上,进行了动电位、吸附量测量试验和红外光谱分析。结果表明,ATC在试验pH范围内对黄铜矿的捕收能力强于对黄铁矿的捕收能力;ATC的捕收力及选择性均强于传统捕收剂Z-200;在pH=9.0、ATC用量为11.8 mg/L时,黄铜矿与黄铁矿回收率相差55个百分点;矿浆pH对黄铜矿可浮性影响较小,对黄铁矿可浮性影响大;ATC用量对黄铜矿电位影响大,对黄铁矿电位影响小;红外光谱分析表明ATC在黄铜矿表面是化学吸附,在黄铁矿表面是物理吸附。     

新型常温捕收剂DX-1对赤铁矿的浮选性能研究

为提高脂肪酸对赤铁矿的捕收性能,在脂肪酸的非极性基上引入新的键合原子对其进行改性,制成新型常温捕收剂DX-1,通过赤铁矿和石英的单矿物和人工混合矿浮选试验,考察DX-1对赤铁矿的浮选性能。单矿物浮选试验表明,DX-1较月桂酸对赤铁矿的捕收能力强,且矿浆pH、矿浆温度对DX-1对赤铁矿的捕收性能影响较小;人工混合矿浮选试验表明,矿浆pH=3.9~7.0,DX-1用量为250 mg/L时,DX-1对赤铁矿的捕收性能较好。Zeta电位检测表明,pH为3.9~7.0时,赤铁矿吸附DX-1后,赤铁矿表面Zeta电位下降幅度大,并改变了赤铁矿表面电位的符号,捕收剂DX-1与赤铁矿表面发生了静电吸附。红外光谱分析表明,DX-1与赤铁矿表面主要发生了静电吸附,此外还存在部分分子间作用力及化学键力。     

组合药剂DMF-1对朝阳某磷矿浮选试验研究

本文在油酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、DES对朝阳某磷矿捕收性能试验的基础上组合出一种新型药剂DMF-1,并以此为捕收剂进行了浮选工艺技术条件试验及开路试验。在磨矿细度-0.074mm46%,矿浆pH值7.00,DMF-1用量200g/t,温度30℃,水玻璃用量400g/t,采用一次粗选、三次精选、一次扫选的试验流程,获得磷精矿品位36.46%、回收率53.33%,尾矿品位0.21%的指标,表明捕收剂DMF-1具有药剂制度简单、用量少、无需矿浆加热、捕收效果好的特点。对试验结果分析,研究了DMF-1中三种成分之间的协同效应和作用机理,其中十二烷基磺酸钠主要是起泡作用;油酸钠则以化学吸附在矿物表面起到疏水及捕收作用;DES以化学吸附和氢键吸附协同作用的方式,增强药剂DMF-1的捕收性能。     

菱铁矿与赤铁矿浮选分离试验研究

通过菱铁矿和赤铁矿单矿物的浮选试验,发现在强碱性条件下,自制的新型阴离子捕收剂TS对菱铁矿有很好的选择性捕收性能,改性水玻璃对赤铁矿有很好的选择性抑制作用。采用这两种药剂对菱铁矿和赤铁矿的人工混合矿进行浮选验证,获得了良好的分离指标。光电子能谱分析结果表明:TS可在菱铁矿表面大量吸附,改性水玻璃可在赤铁矿表面大量吸附;两种药剂的吸附均属于化学吸附,其中TS是通过其键合原子硫与菱铁矿表面的亚铁离子发生作用。     

甲苯胂酸对金红石浮选行为的影响及机理研究

通过单矿物浮选试验、浮选溶液化学计算、红外光谱分析及MS分子模拟和计算,研究了甲苯胂酸对金红石浮选行为的影响以及甲苯胂酸在金红石表面的吸附机理。结果表明:甲苯胂酸在p H值4.5左右时,对金红石纯矿物具有良好的捕收性能,捕收效果优于水杨氧肟酸、苄基胂酸、苯乙烯膦酸,且金红石与甲苯胂酸的吸附主要以化学吸附为主。     

新型捕收剂DLZ对黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选的作用机理研究

研究捕收剂DLZ对黄铜矿和黄铁矿的浮选行为。浮选试验结果表明,DLZ对黄铜矿的捕收能力强,最大回收率为95.7%,而对黄铁矿的捕收能力弱,回收率小于10%。动电位分析发现与DLZ作用后,黄铜矿的动电位比黄铁矿的动电位下降的更多,证明DLZ对黄铜矿和黄铁矿的捕收有选择性。红外光谱分析表明DLZ在黄铜矿表面的吸附属于化学吸附,在黄铁矿表面的吸附属于物理吸附。     

油酸与亚油酸对一水硬铝石捕收性能的研究

以油酸与亚油酸为捕收剂浮选一水硬铝石,通过红外分析与动电位分析,研究两捕收剂在一水硬铝石表面的吸附行为,了解两者对一水硬铝石的捕收性能,并通过实际矿石的冻点试验进行验证,旨在为用亚油酸浮选某些氧化矿提供借鉴及依据。纯矿物实验结果表明,油酸对一水硬铝石的捕收性能强于亚油酸,且经红外光谱与动电位分析证明,油酸与亚油酸在一水硬铝石表面均发生了微弱的化学吸附,但亚油酸的吸附量较油酸少,故其捕收性能比油酸弱。工业油酸的冻点实验表明,工业油酸的捕收性能随亚油酸含量的增加而减弱,随油酸含量的增加而增强,这间接地证明了油酸的捕收性能强于亚油酸。     

萘羟肟酸浮选黑钨矿作用机理研究

研究了萘羟肟酸对黑钨矿的捕收性能。试验结果表明,萘羟肟酸对黑钨矿具有良好的捕收性且不浮选捕收萤石及石英。通过吸附量测定、ζ－电位测定、红外光谱测定及Ｘ光电子能谱测定研究,证明萘羟肟酸在黑钨矿表面以化学吸附为主。本文应用结构化学和络合物化学理论对萘羟肟酸与黑钨矿的作用机理进行了研究。     

The effect of surface oxidation of copper sulfide minerals on clay slime coating in flotation

The industry is well aware of the difficulty in treating copper ores in the presence of clay minerals. In this study, the effect of bentonite on the flotation of chalcopyrite (a primary copper sulfide mineral) and chalcocite (a secondary copper sulfide mineral) was investigated in terms of surface coating. Based on the flotation of copper ores containing both chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the flotation of chalcopyrite and chalcocite single minerals in the presence and absence of bentonite, and the zeta potential measurement of chalcopyrite, chalcocite and bentonite, it was found that the oxidation of chalcopyrite and chalcocite had a different effect on their interaction with bentonite. Under the normal grinding and flotation condition, significant oxidation occurred on the surface of chalcocite which was electrostatically attractive to bentonite resulting in bentonite slime coating and the depressed flotation of chalcocite. The reduction of oxidation on chalcocite could mitigate bentonite slime coating due to electrostatic repulsion between unoxidized chalcocite and bentonite. Unlike chalcocite, chalcopyrite with and without surface oxidation exhibited an electrostatic repulsion to bentonite. Its flotation was less affected by bentonite slimes.     

Effect of electrolytes on the flotation of copper minerals in the presence of clay minerals

Clay minerals have a deleterious effect on flotation. In a previous study (Peng and Zhao, 2011), the authors found that the flotation of secondary copper minerals such as chalcocite was more affected by clay minerals than the flotation of primary copper minerals such as chalcopyrite due to stronger surface oxidation resulting in an electrostatic attraction to clay particles. In this current study, the intention was to use electrolytes to mitigate the adverse effect of clay minerals on chalcocite flotation. A copper ore mainly containing chalcocite was examined. In fresh tap water, kaolinite significantly depressed chalcocite flotation. However, with an increase in the electrolyte concentration, the recovery of chalcocite was increased. It is concluded that the electrolytes reduce the electrostatic attraction between kaolinite and chalcocite so that the surface coating of kaolinite on chalcocite surfaces may be mitigated leading to improved chalcocite flotation. It is interesting to find that anions and cations with a greater atomic size had a more beneficial effect which may be associated with their tendency to modify surface hydrophobicity.     

Analysis of mineral surface chemistry in flotation separation using imaging XPS

The Inco Bessemer Matte Processing Plant (IBMPP) suffers a loss of chalcocite selectivity in flotation separation from heazlewoodite down the rougher bank. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses of the feed, concentrate and tail samples reveal a decrease in Cu and corresponding increase in Ni recovery through the primary rougher banks; tail samples can contain on the order of 7% Cu. The aim of this work was to examine any loss of selectivity through the primary flotation stream due to surface chemistry. Mechanisms suggested have included inadvertent activation and depression by the dissolution and solution transfer of Cu and Ni ions, lack of collector selectivity and possible requirement for reaction of the chalcocite surface prior to collector adsorption. The combination of information from SEM/EDX, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and XPS imaging has clarified the following aspects of the surface chemical mechanisms and control factors in the rougher flotation separation: (1) chalcocite in the feed to the rougher circuit appears to be unoxidized, i.e., all Cu(I) surface species, whereas the surfaces of the heazlewoodite appear to be entirely oxidized to hydroxide species; (2) chalcocite in the tails from the rougher circuit appears to be more oxidized with evident precipitates corresponding to Cu(OH)₂ in both composition and morphology adhering to their surfaces; (3) the primary adsorption of diphenylguanidine (DPG) appears to be to Cu(I) sites on the unoxidized chalcocite surface; (4) adsorption of the DPG collector to chalcocite surfaces appears to be inhibited by the formation or concentration of fine Cu(II) hydroxide precipitates in the later rougher cells; (5) the crystalline morphology of some of the discrete, attached Cu(II) hydroxide precipitates may suggest formation in recycle water streams rather than by surface oxidation of the chalcocite through the circuit although this may not be the only form of Cu(II) hydroxide on chalcocite surfaces in cells C and D; (6) heazlewoodite flotation appears to be associated with the attachment or locking of fine unoxidized chalcocite rather than any direct adsorption of DPG; heazlewoodite fines are also found attached or locked to some chalcocite particles in concentrates contributing to loss of grade (i.e., heazlewoodite is not completely liberated); (7) heazlewoodite particles in tails have relatively high surface concentrations of attached more-oxidized chalcocite fines contributing to loss of recovery.     

Evidence for surface cleaning of sulphide minerals by attritioning in stirred mills

Recent developments in large scale stirred milling technology using ceramic media have allowed its application to relatively coarse particle streams. Apart from benefits in grinding finer more efficiently, benefits may also be derived from the surface cleaning action of stirred mills. This paper discusses evidence for the cleaning action of a stirred mill on the surfaces of chalcocite and effects on its subsequent flotation. Single mineral samples of chalcocite were ground with either stainless or mild steel grinding media. The effects of surface contamination by iron hydroxide on chalcocite floatability were studied using ethylene diamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA) extraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface analysis and contact angle measurements. Depression of both coarse (+75 μm) and fine (?10 μm) size fractions was attributed to the surface precipitation of iron hydroxide species. Transfer of iron hydroxides from coarse particles to fine particles was observed with XPS analysis. Recovery of coarse particles (+75 μm) was improved by attritioning, while additional collector was needed to fully restore chalcocite recovery in both fine and coarse size fractions.     

新型钼捕收剂JJ-4#在斑岩型铜钼矿的试验研究与应用

内蒙古某大型斑岩型铜钼矿属细脉浸染型低品位贫矿石,原矿含铜0.35%,含钼0.02%,有价矿物主要是黄铜矿、辉钼矿和辉铜矿,脉石矿物以石英、绢云母和长石为主。小型试验研究及工业试验表明,在铜钼混合浮选阶段,即使是嵌布粒度较细,裸露面较小的钼矿物,也能在捕收剂JJ-4#的作用下很好地矿化捕收,因此该捕收剂具有矿化效果好、捕收能力强、作用时间持久的特点。工业生产中也取得了很好的选矿指标。混合浮选段铜、钼回收率分别由86.59%和76.29%提高到88.08%和80.94%,混合精矿铜钼品位未受影响,选矿效果理想,对同类矿山的生产具有一定实践指导意义。     

新型铁矿石反浮选捕收剂MG-2捕收性能研究

阴离子捕收剂MG-2是以某脂肪酸为原料合成的一种带过氧羟基的新型捕收剂。通过单矿物浮选试验研究了MG-2对石英的捕收性能,并与原脂肪酸进行了比较。试验结果显示,MG-2对石英的捕收能力优于原脂肪酸,并且其捕收能力随过氧化值P提高而增强,同时其耐低温性能较原脂肪酸有了明显的提高。红外光谱分析表明,MG-2在石英表面的吸附为化学吸附。     

苯乙烯膦酸对锡石可浮性影响及其作用机理分析

通过单矿物浮选试验考察了油酸钠、苯乙烯膦酸、水杨羟肟酸3种不同捕收剂对微细粒锡石可浮性的影响,并采用动电位检测、原子力显微镜测定和X射线光电子能谱分析的方法研究了苯乙烯膦酸与锡石表面的作用机理。试验结果表明：油酸钠、苯乙烯膦酸、水杨羟肟酸均能在微细粒锡石的浮选中提高锡石的可浮性,3种捕收剂对锡石的捕收效果由强到弱为：苯乙烯膦酸>油酸钠>水杨羟肟酸。苯乙烯膦酸主要以化学吸附的形式与锡石表面发生作用,在锡石表面形成了有选择性的峰状吸附点,使锡石表面的动电位发生负移,其膦酸基上的2个O原子在矿浆中脱去H+后,能够与锡石表面的Sn原子发生结合,稳定地吸附于锡石表面。     

硫化钠对高冰镍中六方硫镍矿的抑制行为研究

本文利用单矿物、人工混合矿和实际高冰镍矿石浮选分离试验，研究和分析了硫化钠（Ｎａ２Ｓ）对高冰镍中六方硫镍矿（Ｎｉ３Ｓ２）、辉铜矿（Ｃｕ２Ｓ）浮选行为的影响；利用捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附量测定及Ｎａ２Ｓ溶液中含Ｓ组分分布图探讨了Ｎａ２Ｓ对Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿抑制机理。结果表明，在一定的用量范围内，Ｎａ２Ｓ对Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿有较强的抑制作用，可实现Ｎｉ３Ｓ２与Ｃｕ２Ｓ矿的有效分离。     

基于密度泛函理论的锂辉石晶体结构及（110）面表面化学基因特性研究

基于第一性原理，利用 Material Studio 软件的 CASTEP 模块，对锂辉石晶体的布居、能带、态密度进行了分析，结果表明，锂辉石为绝缘体，其最有可能的荷正电的活性位点为 Li、Al、Si，荷负电的活性位点为 O。对优化后的锂辉石（110）面的表面能、弛豫、布居、态密度和差分电荷密度进行了分析。结果表明，所构建的锂辉石表面的表面能为 0.342 9 J/m2，该表面在 Z 轴方向的弛豫相对明显，其次是 X 轴方向，Y 轴方向的弛豫相对较弱。锂辉石表面的布居分析表明优化后的锂辉石（110）面表层原子价电子构型、布居、键长等均发生了变化。态密度分析结果表明（110）面表层的 6 个 O 活性不同，其在费米能级附近的态密度贡献大小为：O1>O2>O3≈O6>O5>O4。因此，O1 是锂辉石表面活性最高的原子，其次是 O2。差分电荷密度图也表明锂辉石表面缺电子位点和多电子位点交替出现，但得失电子程度不同，因此各原子表现出不同的化学活性。根据矿物基因特性，预测锂辉石容易与含-COOH、-CONHOH、-OSO2H 等易于与 Al 发生化学反应官能团的阴离子捕收剂作用，但捕收性能可能不佳；预测阳离子捕收剂如胺类捕收剂，以及金属离子活化剂如 Ca²⁺等，可吸附于锂辉石表面，产生较好的捕收能力和活化能力。关键词     

Quantifying accidental activation. Part I. Cu ion production

Accidental activation is a function of metal ion production, transfer and resultant flotation response. In Part I copper ion production from chalcocite and chalcopyrite was determined for single minerals and ores as a function of particle size using an EDTA extraction method. Copper ion production was inversely proportional to particle size. For single minerals, chalcocite produced about 50 times more Cu than chalcopyrite. The chalcopyrite-bearing ores gave higher copper ion production than for mineral alone, ascribed to galvanic interaction. A model was derived to predict surface concentration of Cu. The Cu production is compared to the resultant flotation effect in Part II.