红菱煤矿开采保护层后煤岩体采动裂隙分布的数值模拟研究

以沈煤集团红菱煤矿保护层开采为工程实例,通过开采11#煤层,对存在煤与瓦斯突出的7#煤层和12#煤层进行卸压,研究保护层开采后采动裂隙分布规律。通过FLAC3D模拟采动后应力场和位移场变化情况、塑性区分布范围,分析了保护层开采后煤岩体采动裂隙的分布规律。     

裂隙带顶板巷道围岩破坏机理及稳定性控制

针对上行开采过程中顶板巷道支护困难的问题,采用UDEC离散元数值模拟软件对上行开采过程中采场采动裂隙、塑性区以及巷道围岩裂隙、塑性区发育进行了系统的研究和分析,研究结果表明:采动作用下顶板巷道围岩破坏以巷道顶、底板破坏最为明显,靠工作面侧的巷帮破坏次之。采场采动裂隙、塑性区发育与巷道围岩裂隙、塑性区发育在工作面的推进过程中不断相互吸引和促进,最终贯通。同时,当采动作用达到一定程度时,采动裂隙会以顶板巷道顶板为起点向上发育,而巷道肩角处塑性区向上产生畸形发展,其发育方向与采场覆岩断裂角一致,其发育高度远远大于未受采动影响的巷道塑性区发育高度。基于分析结果,提出了上行开采裂隙带顶板巷道支护策略,并以山脚树矿上行开采为工程背景对其顶板巷道原有的支护形式进行了改进,改进后的支护能够有效保证巷道围岩稳定。以上研究成果可为上行开采工程中顶板巷道的支护提供设计参考,丰富采动巷道围岩稳定性控制理论成果。     

“上柱-下垮”复合残采区中部残煤开采可行性评价

针对白家庄煤矿"上柱-下垮"复合残采区中部残煤的安全开采问题,采用实验手段研究了多重采动影响下中部残煤采场岩层的垮落特征、应力分布规律及塑性区分布范围,结合弹塑性力学理论分析了上下煤层开采造成的损伤破坏范围,对中部残煤开采可行性进行了研究。研究表明:(1)上下煤层的采动影响并未破坏中部残煤的宏观连续性,且在中部残煤开采过程中,上覆岩层结构相对稳定;(2)采场岩层的支承压力与塑性区的分布范围基本一致,二者皆可以评价上下煤层开采后层间岩层的损伤破坏范围,其损伤范围包含整个上位层间岩层和下位层间岩层的局部范围;(3)中部残煤主要受上部煤层开采影响,处于上部煤层开采损伤破坏范围之内,因此在中部7号残煤开采过程中,其采场顶板稳定性较差,应采取合理有效的顶板控制措施保证安全生产。     

采动裂隙分布及其演化特征的采厚效应

基于长壁工作面非对称布置特点,以谢桥矿1151(3)综放工作面地质和开采条件为背景,采用实验室相似材料模拟、计算机数值模拟及理论分析综合方法,研究不同采厚采动裂隙分布及其演化的特征.研究表明,不同采厚覆岩垮落角变化不大,随工作面推进覆岩采动裂隙表现为“∩”型高帽状、前低后高驼峰状、前后基本持平驼峰状、前高后低的驼峰状4阶段演化特征,采动裂隙发育高度呈梯级跃升并逐渐趋于稳定,工作面围岩采动裂隙发育具有非对称性,工作面上部塑性区范围大于工作面中、下部;采动裂隙发育高度、工作面前方塑性区宽度、走向工作面后方围岩塑性区边界与采空区方向的夹角和倾向下山方向围岩塑性区边界与煤层夹角与一次采厚呈非线性正比,采动裂隙发育高度与一次采厚的比值和走向工作面前方围岩塑性区边界与推进方向的夹角与一次采厚成非线性反比,整体揭示了一次采厚变化对采动裂隙分布及其演化特征影响的采厚效应.     

马村煤矿工作面采掘配合方式优化研究

针对马村煤矿开采31采区存在区段连续开采接替紧张、靠近采空区巷道变形大、回采效率低等问题,提出了针对31采区的采掘配合优化研究方案。试验结果表明:采掘配合方式不同对巷道围岩产生的采动影响也会不同,从塑性区深度、单元体破坏数量、破坏范围和巷道围岩变形最大值来看,对围岩采动影响最小的为先采后掘的配合方式。     

采动巷道围岩非均匀变形特征及稳定性控制技术研究

受到原岩应力与采动应力叠加影响的巷道会产生非均匀变形,甚至发现顶板事故,采动巷道围岩稳定性控制是实现矿井安全高效开采的关键。针对长岭一号煤矿152106工作面轨道巷受到采动影响变形严重的问题,采用现场监测、数值模拟等研究方法,分析了采动巷道围岩变形特征及塑性区演化规律。结果表明：在采动影响下,巷道围岩变形呈非均匀特征,工作面前方巷道围岩变形量小于工作面后方,巷道煤柱侧变形量大于煤壁侧,顶板出现离层并且靠近煤柱侧底鼓量更大,局部可达400mm|工作面前方最大主应力、主应力比值、塑性区范围均小于工作面后方,塑性区呈椭圆形分布,巷道围岩位移量与塑性区范围具有一致性。据此提出了补强支护方案,即顶板补打锚索、煤柱对穿锚索及打设单体液压支柱,现场试验结果表明轨道巷煤柱帮变形减少了65%,巷道底鼓量260mm,工程应用效果较好。     

近距离煤层群保护层开采对比分析及瓦斯抽采效果研究

为了对比分析在近距离煤层群条件下有保护层和无保护层开采时下伏煤层开采的卸压效果,采用数值计算及现场验证的方法对有无保护层开采时下伏煤层开采时卸压程度进行了研究,得到了有保护层和无保护层开采时,被保护层在开采过程中的垂直应力、卸压范围及塑性区变化规律。研究表明:在有保护层开采时,被保护层的卸压范围相对增大且应力集中系数相对较小,而塑性区发育范围相对增大。现场抽采数据表明:无保护层开采时抽采浓度、纯量相对14207工作面有保护层开采时偏低,有保护层开采时抽采效果更好,为优化底抽巷卸压瓦斯抽采系统,提高瓦斯抽采质量浓度、抽采量以及抽采率提供了一定理论依据。     

工作面底板采动破坏深度研究

以新元矿9203工作面实际开采情况为背景,采用应变法现场原位监测煤层底板采动破坏深度,通过现场煤层底板监测钻孔内不同深度的应变传感器采集到的采动中应变变化规律,分析得出工作面底板采动破坏深度在11.5~13.5 m之间,再利用FLAC3D软件进行数值模拟,对模拟结果的应力分布及塑性区范围分析,结合煤层底板实际岩层组合情况,得出底板采动破坏深度约为12.2 m,该值在现场监测结果范围之内,验证了现场监测结果的正确性。     

条带开采煤柱演化规律研究

煤柱的稳定性是条带开采方法能够安全可行的关键。为了研究留设煤柱的稳定性,文章利用FLAC3D数值模拟分析工作面采动时的侧向支承压力变化规律;然后采用现场测试的方法,即采用钻孔应力计来实测采出条带开采前后煤柱不同深度垂向压力的动态演化情况,采用煤岩离层检测仪实测研究条带开采前后不同煤柱横向变形的动态演化规律,得出该条带煤柱应该分为弹性核区、塑性区和破裂区,给出了各区的范围,为其它类似条件下的煤柱稳定性研究提供了一定的参考依据。     

大采高工作面覆岩移动规律的采厚效应

为了确定大采高工作面覆岩移动规律与采厚的关系,以某矿201工作面为工程背景,采用UDEC数值模拟不同采厚下工作面推进过程中工作面发生初次来压时覆岩垮落特征、塑性区及主应力场分布范围。结果表明:随着工作面采高增加,工作面初次垮落步距增大、覆岩垮落高度增加,塑性区及主应力场分布范围变大,同时为合理开采提供有利依据。     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

正~~     

China rare earth market review

正November 21~30,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industries,transactions of rare earth in Chinese domestic market were inactive.It was difficult to sell any rare earth products except for dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide.Suppliers lost confidence in recent market.Demand for rare earth products was soft.Consumers continued to take a wait-and-see attitude.Rare earth export market remained slow.     

Galaxy Magnets achieved the net profit of 34.02 million yuan in the first six months of 2014

正Galaxy Magnet announced its financial results for the first half of 2014 on August 14.For the first six months ended on 30 June 2014,Galaxy Magnet achieved operation income of RMB 182.3 million,up8.40% over the same period of 2013,and the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company of 34.02 million yuan,increasing 35.49% over the same period of last year.Stable performance increase was led by development of new customers and application market of magnets.     

Rare Earth Application in Steel in China

<正>China has rich rare earth resources.Output of rare earth and steel in China ranks the top first in the world.However,there is still certain distance between the steel produced in China and developed countries from the point of varieties and quality.China still has to import some types of steel.Improving the quality should be emphasiZed in future development of steel industry in China.Rare earth can be used to upgrade traditional steel     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent materialindustry(continued)

<正>Developing ecological lighting source The world is facing the big problem of energy shortage today and the contradiction between economy development and environmental protection is worsened.Therefore,people are more likely to choose an ecological light source that is more energy efficient and environmental friendly.The choice provides great opportunity for the development of rare earth optical material industry in China.The concept of green lighting positions rare earth luminescent material as a leading player in illumination market.The light source of both rare earth luminescent lamp and LED lamp is ecological and energy saving.This is why     

稀散金属产业的观察与思考

分析了近年来国内外稀散金属产业的生产、应用、资源与市场状况.铟锡氧化物靶材、砷化镓晶片、锗红外材料、铼高温合金和硒在电解锰及玻璃的应用等已成为稀散金属的主要应用领域.稀散金属的产量快速增长达到历史高位而导致了市场的失衡.以GaInP_2/GaAs/Ge,CIGS和CdTe为代表的非硅系太阳能电池是稀散金属的新兴应用领域,将给稀散金属带来日益增长的需求.