多径信道下基于空时分组码的发送分集技术

文章在多径信道下,提出了一种基于RAKE接收机的空时分组编码(STBC)方案.该方案将空时分组编码(STBC)与RAKE接收机的多径叠加相干检测的方法相结合,从而可以在频率选择性衰落信道下采用多发射天线实现发送分集.此方案获得的分集增益与由采用相同数量接收天线的最大比接收合并(MRRC)方案得到的接收分集增益接近,能够较大地提高传榆系统的可靠性.     

一种串行级联空时频分组编码方法

为了提高MIMO-OFDM系统中的空时频分组编码(STFBC)性能,本文提出了一种串行级联空时频分组编码(SCSTFBC)方法,该方法把卷积码作为外码、空时频分组码作为内码,通过交织器,连接内码和外码。仿真结果表明,本文建议的方法随着发收天线数的增加,其性能不断得到改善,在误比特率(BER)为10-3时,本文建议方法与空时频分组编码(STFBC)、空时频网格编码(STFTC)相比,其性能增益分别提高了6dB和8dB。     

可见光MIMO通信系统中级联编码的应用

可见光多输入多输出（MIMO）通信中空时分组编码能够获得较高的分集增益，但是其有效性较差，空间调制编码能够提高系统的频谱利用率但其可靠性较差。因此结合空时分组编码和空间调制编码的优势设计出空时分组-空间调制（STBC-SM）级联编码应用到可见光MIMO通信系统中，根据朗伯光源衰减特性建立了可见光室内传输信道模型，并对系统有效性及可靠性进行了仿真验证。结果表明在确保原有效性和相同误码率前提下，STBC-SM级联编码的可靠性较SM提高了5~8 dB，在确保原可靠性的前提下，STBC-SM级联编码的有效性较STBC提高了。表明文中设计的级联编码可有效的解决通信系统中有效性与可靠性的矛盾问题，为研究室内可见光MIMO通信提供了很好的理论意义。     

用于高速无线数据通信的空时编码

在无线通信中,当采用多发送天线增加带宽效率时,空时编码可以提供分集增益和编码增益.本文介绍并比较了两种用于高速无线数据通信的空时编码空时格栅编码(STTC)和空时分组编码(STBC).     

STBC与VBLAST联合编码方案研究

在多输入输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)系统中提出一种块分组编码与VBLAST的联合编码方案,该方案对最先检测的2层数据流采用块分组编码,其余层采用垂直分层空时码(Vertical Bell Layered Space-Time Code,VBLAST)的编码方式,MIMO系统同时具有了空时分组码(Space Time Block Code,STBC)可以降低误码率的优点与VBLAST能够提高系统容量的优点。块分组编码将数据符号按层分块后交叉通过不同的天线对发射,数据流之间产生了一定交织效果,使编码获得了更好的分集增益,在接收端结合QR分解的最大似然解码算法进行解码。仿真结果表明该联合编码方案与传统的Alamouti编码和VBLAST的联合编码方案相比误码率性能有较大改善。     

基于MIMO的无线认知传感器网络研究

作为现代无线通信的核心技术,MIMO(多输入多输出)利用发射端和接收端的多副天线,来改善无线通信性能,而无需额外的无线带宽。MIMO中的空间分集、空间复用、波束形成、智能天线等可以帮助WCSN(无线认知传感器网络)接入有价值的频谱,提高链路质量和频谱效率。文章分析MIMO在阵列增益、分集增益和复用增益等方面的优势,介绍空时分组编码、空时网格编码和分层空时编码的工作原理,给出MIMO无线认知传感器网络的基本中继策略。     

一种自适应MIMO信号发射与检测方法研究

无线通信中的多天线(MIMO)技术是提高系统容量的主要方法,在慢衰落信道下可以将接收端获得的信道信息(CSI)反馈到发送端以提高系统的性能.传统的反馈-预编码方案奇异值分解(SVD)法但受空间相关特性和传统VBLAST系统对收、发天线数目要求的影响而限制了它在实际系统中的应用.该文提出一种自适应多天线传输方案,其采用了统一信道参数反馈模型和空时分组编码(STBC),实现了一种可以用于各种空间相关特性和各种收、发天线数的多天线传输方案可以克服SVD方案的以上缺点.文中仿真也验证了该系统的接收天线可以比发射天线少,并且能够在高相关性信道下工作.     

四发天线DSTTD编码系统性能分析

在无线通信系统中,适合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线技术的空时编码技术能够明显地提高系统的容量,改善无线通信系统的性能。文章在空时分组码(STBC)基础上,对四发射天线DSTTD编码系统进行了编译码介绍,并进行了误码性能的仿真,最后得出结论。     

一种时空频分组码编码方案和检测算法

空时编码作为对抗多径衰落的有效方法，近年来已经成为热门研究领域。空时分组码(STBC)的正交设计可以在接收端进行线性最大比合并解码，实现了高编码增益、大分集度和低译码复杂度。这种空时分组码在单个载波多个不同天线和时间上编码，实现了空间和时间的分集，但并没有实现频率的分集，分集度有限。本文将单载波的STBC扩展到多个载波，提出了一种时、空、频分组码(STFBC)的编码方案。这种编码在相同的码速率下，实现了比STBC更大的分集度和更高的编码增益。给出了基于这种编码方案的两种检测算法一线性合并最大似然检测(MLD)算法和线性合并解相关检测(DD)算法。仿真结果表明这种时空频分组码的编码方法和检测算法较STBC具有更好的性能。     

STBC与VBLAST混合编码系统中一种新的天线选择算法

多输入多输出(MIMO)系统改善了误码率性能,同时为了减少对系统容量的影响,提出了空时分组码(STBC)与贝尔实验室垂直分层空时码(VBLAST)混合编码系统中的一种新的天线选择算法.对部分VBLAST层采用Alamouti STBC编码构成的混合编码,MIMO系统同时具有STBC与VBLAST两者的优点.基于天线子集最大容量准则,提出的天线选择算法选择那些对系统容量贡献较小的天线发送多层STBC信号,以便减少STBC编码所造成的系统容量损失.理论分析与仿真结果表明,提出的天线选择算法能够有效地提高STBC与VBLAST混合编码系统的容量,并且与VBLAST编码的MIMO系统相比其误码率性能得到明显改善.     

Full-Diversity Codes for MISO Systems Equipped With Linear or ML Detectors

In this paper, a general criterion for space-time block codes (STBC) to achieve full diversity with a linear receiver is proposed for a wireless communication system having multiple transmitter and single receiver antennas [multiple-input–single-output (MISO)]. Particularly, the STBC with Toeplitz structure satisfies this criterion, and therefore, enables full diversity. Further examination of this Toeplitz STBC reveals the following important properties: 1) the symbol transmission rate can be made to approach unity; 2) applying the Toeplitz code to any signalling scheme having nonzero distance between the nearest constellation points results in a nonvanishing determinant. In addition, if quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) is used as the signalling scheme, then for independent MISO flat-fading channels, the Toeplitz codes is proved to approach the optimal diversity-versus-multiplexing tradeoff with a zero-forcing (ZF) receiver when the number of channel uses is large. This is, so far, the first nonorthogonal STBC shown to achieve the optimal tradeoff for such a receiver. On the other hand, when maximum-likelihood (ML) detection is employed in a MISO system, the Toeplitz STBC achieves the maximum coding gain for independent channels. When the channel fading coefficients are correlated, the inherent transmission matrix in the Toeplitz STBC can be designed to minimize the average worst case pairwise error probability.      

Optimal space-time coding under iterative processing

In this paper, we deal with the design of a full-rate space-time block coding (STBC) scheme optimized for linear iterative decoding over fast fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. A general and simple coding scheme called diagonal threaded space-time (DTST) code is presented for an arbitrary number of transmit and receive antennas. Theoretical analysis shows that DTST code associated with linear iterative decoding tends towards full diversity performance while providing maximum MIMO multiplexing gain. Simulation results confirm the ability of DTST to outperform the state-of-the-art STBC and conventional spatial data multiplexing schemes under iterative processing.     

Frequency-Domain Equalization for Orthogonal and Quasi-Orthogonal STBCs over Frequency-Selective Wireless and Power-Line Channels

In recent years, combination of single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) and space-time block coding/code (STBC) techniques to exploit the advantages of both, has received a great attention. In this paper we propose new techniques for combining SC-FDE with orthogonal and Quasi-orthogonal STBCs applicable to any number of transmit antennas. For Quasi-orthogonal STBC we first propose a new structure for codes with four transmit antennas and then extend it to higher numbers. We convert Quasi-orthogonal system to two equivalent orthogonal subsystems and equalize and decode these subsystems based on our proposed procedure for orthogonal codes. Finally, we present our simulation results for different frequency-selective wireless and power-line channels and show that a significant SNR gain is achieved when SC-FDE is combined with diversity techniques.     

Quasi-orthogonal STBC with minimum decoding complexity

In this paper, we consider a quasi-orthogonal (QO) space-time block code (STBC) with minimum decoding complexity (MDC-QO-STBC). We formulate its algebraic structure and propose a systematic method for its construction. We show that a maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder for this MDC-QO-STBC, for any number of transmit antennas, only requires the joint detection of two real symbols. Assuming the use of a square or rectangular quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) or multiple phase-shift keying (MPSK) modulation for this MDC-QO-STBC, we also obtain the optimum constellation rotation angle, in order to achieve full diversity and optimum coding gain. We show that the maximum achievable code rate of these MDC-QO-STBC is 1 for three and four antennas and 3/4 for five to eight antennas. We also show that the proposed MDC-QO-STBC has several desirable properties, such as a more even power distribution among antennas and better scalability in adjusting the number of transmit antennas, compared with the coordinate interleaved orthogonal design (CIOD) and asymmetric CIOD (ACIOD) codes. For the case of an odd number of transmit antennas, MDC-QO-STBC also has better decoding performance than CIOD.     

BER analysis of QAM on fading channels with transmit diversity

In this letter, we derive analytical expressions for the bit error rate (BER) of space-time block codes (STBC) from complex orthogonal designs (COD) using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) on Rayleigh fading channels. We take a bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) based approach to derive the BER expressions. The approach presented here can be used in the BER analysis of any STBC from COD with linear processing for any value of M in an M-QAM system. Here, we present the BER analysis and results for a 16-QAM system with i) (2-Tx, L-Rx) antennas using Alamouti code (rate-1 STBC), ii) (3-Tx, L-Rx) antennas using a rate-1/2 STBC, and iii) (5-Tx, L-Rx) antennas using a rate-7/11 STBC. In addition to being used in the BER analysis, the LLRs derived can also be used as soft inputs to decoders for various coded QAM schemes, including turbo coded QAM with space-time coding as in high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) in 3G.     

低复杂度的满速率和部分分集多天线空时块码及性能

在现有几种满分集空时码的基础上,提出两种满速率和复正交的多天线空时块码方案。一种是基于时分双工(TDD)模式下最大信道增益而设计的;另一种则不再限于TDD方式,具有普遍适用性。同时利用Turbo码良好的抗衰落信道的突发错误能力,来进一步提高所提方案性能。与满分集多天线空时块码相比,该方案可实现满速率、低复杂度和部分分集,具有相对多的空间冗余信息,从而级联Turbo码后可有效弥补部分分集所带来的性能损失。仿真结果也表明在相同系统容量和级联码的情况下,所提方案比其它相应的满分集空时码有着更低的误比特率。     

Space-Time Block Coding for Uplink Single-Carrier CDMA with Joint Detection in the Frequency Domain

Single-carrier code-division multiple access (SC-CDMA), also named cyclic-prefix CDMA in the literature, is a promising air interface for the uplink of the 4G cellular wireless communication systems. It enables the high capacity intrinsically offered by CDMA by making the equalization of the multipath channels and the mitigation of the resulting interference possible at a low complexity. This paper proposes a new air interface that combines SC-CDMA with space-time block coding (STBC) across multiple transmit antennas in order to make the link more robust. Contrary to existing air interfaces that perform the STBC at the chip level, making them only applicable to the downlink, the STBC is performed at the symbol level, making it also applicable to the uplink. In order to optimally detect the different antenna and user signals, a linear joint detector optimized according to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion is designed. By exploiting the cyclic properties of the channel matrices, the complexity of the joint detector is significantly reduced. Furthermore, it is shown analytically that the inter-antenna interference is canceled out at the output of the first stage of the linear MMSE joint detector, consisting of a matched filter. By space-time coding the signal through two antennas at each transmit mobile terminal, a significant gain in signal-to-noise-ratio can be achieved. However, the spatial diversity gain of the proposed system is limited by the multiuser interference (MUI), that is increasing with the user load. Higher complexity non-linear receivers are needed to better compensate the MUI and still benefit from the spatial diversity at high user loads.     

Decision feedback detection with error compensation for hybrid space-time block codes

Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) techniques increase the total throughput by transmitting independent information streams through multiple transmit antennas whereas space time coding (STC) techniques utilize diversity gain. Hybrid space-time block code (STBC) schemes proposed combine the above two techniques to maximize the link performance. We propose a decision feedback detection method to improve the performance of the hybrid STBC scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In this scheme, we take the error propagation effect into account to enhance the detection performance. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional hybrid STBC detection algorithm by more than 3dB at 1% frame error rate for frequency selective fading channels.     

Novel full-diversity high-rate STBC for 2 and 4 transmit antennas

We design a new rate-5/4 full-diversity orthogonal space-time block code (STBC) for QPSK and 2 transmit antennas (TX) by enlarging the signalling set from the set of quaternions used in the Alamouti code. Selective power scaling of information symbols is used to guarantee full-diversity while maximizing the coding gain (CG) and minimizing the transmitted signal peak-to-minimum power ratio (PMPR). The optimum power scaling factor is derived analytically and shown to outperform schemes based only on constellation rotation while still enjoying a low-complexity maximum likelihood (ML) decoding algorithm. Finally, we extend our designs to the case of 4 TX by enlarging the set of quasi-orthogonal STBC with power scaling. Extensions to general M-PSK constellations are straightforward.     

一种新颖的两天线差分空时分组编码方案

传统的差分空时分组编码（DSTBC）在QPSK调制时存在着信号星座扩展．文中提出了一种在QPSK调制下新颖的两发射天线差分空时分组编码方案，此方案提供了一定的编码增益，同时也解决了星座扩展问题．在新方案中，改进了从信息块到系数矢量的映射，从而使其性能与相干空时分组编码相比大约只差1dB。同时新方案编码相对简单，在接收端也具有低的解码复杂度．