激光熔覆原位生长VC-WxC颗粒增强镍基涂层研究

为了提高45#钢表面强度和耐磨性,采用激光熔覆技术制备原位生长VC-WxC颗粒增强镍基涂层。使用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子能谱和X射线衍射仪对熔覆层显微组织和物相进行了分析,并对熔覆层显微硬度及摩擦性能进行了测试。在适当工艺条件下,熔覆层成形良好,涂层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合;熔覆层底部组织为定向生长的 γ(NiFe)树枝晶,熔覆层中上部组织为VC,W2C,WC和Cr3C2相,均匀分布于γ(NiFe)树枝晶基体中;熔覆层具有极高的硬度(平均HV0.31400),耐磨性是纯Ni60涂层的6倍。结果表明,其硬度和耐磨性的提高归因于涂层中大量的VC,W2C,WC和Cr3C2相的生成,并均匀分布于涂层的基体中。     

SiC颗粒尺寸对TiNi基熔覆层组织与性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在TC21钛合金表面熔覆了含有SiC颗粒的复合涂层,研究了SiC颗粒尺寸对熔覆层物相组成、微观组织、硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,熔覆层中的主要物相为Ti2Ni、TiNi、Ti5Si3和TiC;TiC颗粒起到细化晶粒的作用;添加微米SiC颗粒后的熔覆层表面硬度和耐磨性分别为基体的2.1倍和2.082倍,而添加纳米SiC颗粒后的熔覆层表面硬度和耐磨性分别为基体的2.4倍和1.475倍。     

热锻模表面宽带激光熔覆超细碳化钨试验研究

本文在热作模具钢(H13)表面通过预置超细碳化钨合金层,通过高功率连续CO2宽带激光处理预置表面获得熔覆层。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了熔覆层组织形貌,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行熔覆层物相分析,用X射线应力仪进行残余应力分析。测试了处理前后熔覆层显微硬度、耐磨性以及残余应力的变化。结果表明:激光处理后,表面平整光滑,组织细密,熔覆层组织由等轴晶、柱状树枝晶、细小的胞状晶和平面晶的结合带组成,厚度约为0.4mm,表面残余压应力得到显著提高,硬度为基体的1.8倍,耐磨性得到较大的提高。     

激光熔覆原位生成TiC-ZrC颗粒增强镍基复合涂层

采用预涂粉末激光熔覆技术,在45#钢表面制备出原位牛成TiC-ZrC颗粒增强的镍基复合涂层.使用扫描电镜(SEM),EDS能谱和X射线衍射(XRD)对熔覆层的显微组织和物相构成进行了分析,并对熔覆层进行了硬度、摩擦性能测试.结果表明,在适当的工艺条件下,原位生成TiC-ZrC颗粒增强镍基复合涂层形貌良好,涂层与基材呈冶金结合.熔覆层底部组织为定向生长的γ(NiFe)树枝晶,熔覆层中上部组织为先共晶析出的TiC-ZrC颗粒相和Cr3C2条状相均匀分布于γ(NiFe)树枝晶基体中.熔覆层具有高的硬度(平均硬度HV0.31300)和良好的耐磨性,与纯Ni60熔覆层相比,其磨损失重仅为纯Ni60熔覆层的1/4.熔覆层硬度和耐磨性的提高归因于大量TiC-ZrC复合颗粒的形成及其在涂层中的均匀弥散分布.     

纳米CeO2对激光熔覆Ni基合金层组织与性能的影响

为了研究纳米CeO2颗粒对激光熔覆层的组织和性能的影响,在Q235钢基体上制备了加入不同量纳米CeO2的Ni基合金熔覆层,利用OLMPUS PME-3型光学显微镜,XD-3A型X射线衍射仪,HV-1000型显微硬度计,MM-200型环-块磨损试验机和扫描电镜等对激光熔覆层显微组织、相结构、显微硬度、磨损性能和磨损机理进行了研究。结果表明,在激光熔覆层中添加纳米CeO2能够细化组织,改变凝固组织的形态。当加入质量分数为1.5%的纳米CeO2时,熔覆层凝固组织形态为等轴树枝晶;生成了含Ce的新相Ce2Ni21B6,明显提高了熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性;熔覆层磨损由严重磨损转化为轻微磨损。但是加入过量的纳米CeO2,硬度反而降低。     

激光熔覆Ni35+11%wc熔覆层的组织及耐腐蚀研究

镍基合金熔覆层的耐腐蚀、耐磨性、硬度,是45钢零件表面技术改性的理想熔覆层。为节约45钢的成本,增加45钢零件使用寿命,研究了激光熔覆Ni35+11%wc熔覆层的组织及耐腐蚀性。采用Xrd、维氏硬度计,磨损实验,电化学腐蚀方式研究熔覆层的组织和性能。结果表明:熔覆层的主相为Fe2Ni7Si20、NiSi,与基体冶金结合良好。熔覆层的硬度值均在730 HV左右,自腐蚀电位是-0.833 V,自腐蚀电流密度是 0.981 A/m2,熔覆层tafel曲线正向偏移耐腐蚀性有所提高,熔覆层的磨擦系数低于基体。     

激光熔覆镍基涂层的组织与磨损特性

利用大功率激光在1Cr18Ni9Ti表面熔覆NiCrBSi涂层,采用SEM、EDS和MM2000磨损试验机研究了不同激光功率下熔覆层的显微组织、成分及磨损特性.结果表明,熔覆层由熔覆区和结合区两部分组成,熔覆区主要有γ-(Ni,Fe)、CrB等多种相结构,呈现出树枝晶、不规则颗粒状、针状及共晶形式等多种形貌.结合区为细小柱状晶,激光功率增大,稀释率增大.熔覆层的磨损为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损共同作用的结果,磨损率分布在(2.2～2.6)×10-5 mm3/m.N之间,平均摩擦系数为0.52.激光功率增加,耐磨性下降.EDS分析表明主要元素Ni、Fe、Cr、Si在熔覆层中均匀分布.高功率激光熔覆层中,Fe含量所占比重明显增加.     

原位生成VC-VB-B4C复合颗粒增强镍基激光熔覆层

采用预涂粉末激光熔覆技术,在A3钢表面成功制备出原位生成VC-VB-B4C复合颗粒增强的镍基复合涂层.使用扫描电镜(SEM),EDS能谱和X射线衍射(XRD)对熔覆层的显微组织和物相构成进行了分析,并对熔覆层进行了硬度、摩擦性能测试.结果表明,原位生成VC-VB-B4C复合颗粒增强镍基复合涂层与基材呈冶金结合.熔覆层底部组织为定向生长的γ(Ni)树枝晶,熔覆层中、上部组织为大量先共晶析出的VC-VB-B4C颗粒相和Cr3C2条状相均匀分布于γ(Ni)基体中.熔覆层具有高的硬度(平均硬度HV0.31350)和良好的耐磨性,其磨损失重仅为纯Ni60熔覆层的1/3.熔覆层硬度和耐磨性的提高归因于大量VC-VB-B4C复合颗粒的形成及其在涂层中的均匀分布.     

激光熔覆MoSi2涂层的研究

本文用高能激光束熔覆MoSi_2粉末在45钢基体上制备了耐高温结构用涂层,用XRD、SEM、EDAX和显微硬度仪分别对熔覆层的组织结构和硬度进行了研究。试验结果表明,由于基体的稀释作用,涂层的相组成为FeMoSi、Fe_2Si和少量的Mo_5Si_3。涂层组织呈现典型的细小枝晶组织特征,枝晶为FeMosi领先相,枝晶间为FeMoSi和Fe_2Si两相共晶,组织中无孔隙和裂纹等缺陷存在。Mo,Si,Fe线扫描成分分布在涂层-基体界面处均缓慢过渡,基体与涂层发生互扩散,为冶金结合。涂层硬度可达HV_(0.5)845,基体硬度为180,涂层硬度比基体提高3.7倍。     

激光熔覆TiCp/NiCrBSi复合涂层的组织与摩擦学性能

应用激光表面改性方法 ,在 4 5 # 钢表面熔覆了TiCp/Ni Cr B Si C复合涂层 ,利用SEM ,TEM分析以及磨损试验 ,研究了复合涂层的组织特点和耐摩擦磨损性能及其影响规律 ,并探讨了添加稀土氧化物改善复合涂层的组织性能及稀土氧化物的作用机制。结果表明 ,TiC颗粒在熔覆层中发生部分溶解和重新析出 ;熔覆层与基体形成交互扩散区 ,在该区中发现 (Fe ,Cr) 2 3 C6碳化物 ,同时还形成大量α和γ微晶 ,局部区域存在Ni Si B Re非晶相。在凝固应力作用下 ,TiC颗粒与粘结金属界面之间存在大量的孪晶和位错。稀土氧化物对复合涂层显微硬度提高幅度不大 ,但能明显地减小复合涂层的摩擦系数 ,显著提高涂层干摩擦磨损状态下的耐磨性。TiC含量为 4 5 %～ 5 0 %时 ,熔覆层具有最佳耐磨性     

Effect of carbon containing SiNx antireflection coating on the screen‐printed contact and low illumination performance of silicon solar cell

Screen‐printed metal contact formation through a carbon containing antireflection coating was investigated for silicon solar cells by fabricating conventional carbon‐free SiN_x and carbon‐rich SiC_xN_y film. An appreciable difference was found in the average shunt resistance (R_sh), which was about an order of magnitude higher for SiC_xN_y‐coated solar cells relative to the counterpart SiN_x‐coated solar cells. Series resistance (R_s) and fill factor (FF) were comparable for both antireflection coatings but the starting efficiency of SiC_xN_y‐coated cell was ~0·2% lower because of slightly inferior surface passivation. However, SiC_xN_y‐coated solar cells showed less degradation under lower illumination (<1000 W/m²) compared with the SiN_x‐coated cells due to reduced FF degradation under low illumination. Theoretical calculations in this paper support that this is a direct result of high R_sh. Detailed photovoltaic system and cost modeling is performed to quantify the enhanced energy production and the reduced levelized cost of electricity due to higher shunt resistance of the SiC_xN_y‐coated cells. It is shown that R_sh value below 30 Ω (7000 Ω cm² for 239 cm² cell) can lead to appreciable loss in energy production in regions of low solar insolation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Correlation between the electrical properties and the interfacial microstructures of TiAl-based ohmic contacts to p-type 4H-SiC

In order to understand a mechanism of TiAl-based ohmic contact formation for p-type 4H-SiC, the electrical properties and microstructures of Ti/Al and Ni/Ti/Al contacts, which provided the specific contact resistances of approximately 2×10⁻⁵ Ω-cm² and 7×10⁻⁵ Ω-cm² after annealing at 1000°C and 800°C, respectively, were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Ternary Ti₃SiC₂ carbide layers were observed to grow on the SiC surfaces in both the Ti/Al and the Ni/Ti/Al contacts when the contacts yielded low resistance. The Ti₃SiC₂ carbide layers with hexagonal structures had an epitaxial orientation relationship with the 4H-SiC substrates. The (0001)-oriented terraces were observed periodically at the interfaces between the carbide layers and the SiC, and the terraces were atomically flat. We believed the Ti₃SiC₂ carbide layers primarily reduced the high Schottky barrier height at the contact metal/p-SiC interface down to about 0.3 eV, and, thus, low contact resistances were obtained for p-type TiAl-based ohmic contacts.     

基于高体分SiCp/Al材料的空间相机主支撑结构研制

作为空间相机光学元件的载体,主支撑结构对于确保光学元件相对 位置的长期准确稳定具有决定性作用。由于具有比刚度高、热稳定性好等优点,高体分碳化硅颗粒增强铝基(SiC_p/Al)复合材料 非常适用于航天光机结构。利用超声波钎焊技术可以解决高体分SiC_p/Al材料的焊接问题,这 为其在空间相机主支撑结构上的应用奠定了基础。介绍了一种基于高体分SiC_p/Al材料的某空 间相机的主支撑结构。通过工程分析比较了同一主支撑结构分别采用TC4和高体分 SiC_p/Al两种材料时的力学性能差异。结果表明,采用高体分SiC_p/Al材料制成的主支撑结构在质量上轻了31.8%,在一阶频 率上高了25%。通过力热试验可知,该主支撑结构在焊缝强度和尺寸稳定性等方面均满足使用要求。     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Ti composite coatings fabricated by mechanical coating technique and subsequent heat oxidation

Titanium (Ti) coatings were fabricated on alumina (Al₂O₃) balls by mechanical coating technique (MCT) with Ti powder. The Ti coatings were then oxidized to titanium dioxide (TiO₂) coatings at different temperatures. The oxidation behavior and microstructure evolution of these coatings were investigated. The results showed that the inner and surface layers of the Ti coatings were oxidized simultaneously. When oxidizing at a relatively low temperature for a short time, TiO₂/Ti composite coatings were obtained. Increasing the oxidation temperature or time increased the thickness of the TiO₂ layer and eventually Ti coatings were totally oxidized to TiO₂ coatings. During oxidation, TiO₂ needles formed at a lower temperature grew to generate columnar crystals. The photocatalytic activity of these coatings was examined. Compared with TiO₂ coatings, the TiO₂/Ti composite coatings showed much higher photocatalytic activity. The highest activity was observed for the TiO₂/Ti composite coatings prepared by MCT and subsequent oxidation at 1073 K for 15 h and then the thickness of the TiO₂ layer was 27 μm.     

Ni基合金/45#钢宽、窄带熔覆Co基合金的组织

利用 5kWCO2 激光器在Ni基铸造高温合金 4 5 #钢基体上宽带、窄带激光熔覆了H¨ogan¨as钴基合金 ,制备了无缺陷的涂层。用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对比分析了熔覆层的显微组织特征和相结构。结果显示 ,熔覆层均为由初生相γ Co枝晶和γ Co +Cr2 3C6 共晶组成。宽带熔覆层界面为垂直于界面生长 ,窄带熔覆层界面结晶方向受热流控制 ,为多方向结晶。 4 5 #钢熔覆层界面具有明显的白亮过渡层且宽带熔覆比窄带宽 ;Ni基合金熔覆层界面区很宽且不规则 ,无白亮色过渡层。沿熔覆层中心线的纵截面取样可见平行生长的枝晶     

激光熔覆原位自生复合材料涂层的研究

利用激光熔覆技术,使用HL-1500型CO2激光器在45#钢表面制备出原位自生成的Ni基金属陶瓷TiB2层.并采用现代化分析手段对涂层的宏观形貌,显微组织特征和元素分部进行了系统的观察和分析.研究结果表明,熔覆合金层显微组织由枝晶固溶体及其间细密的共晶组织组成,涂层中存在γ-Fe,γ-Ni,TiB2,TiB和少量的Ni4B3.     

Avalanche‐Discharge‐Induced Electrical Forming in Tantalum Oxide‐Based Metal–Insulator–Metal Structures

Oxide‐based metal–insulator–metal structures are of special interest for future resistive random‐access memories. In such cells, redox processes on the nanoscale occur during resistive switching, which are initiated by the reversible movement of native donors, such as oxygen vacancies. The formation of these filaments is mainly attributed to an enhanced oxygen diffusion due to Joule heating in an electric field or due to electrical breakdown. Here, the development of a dendrite‐like structure, which is induced by an avalanche discharge between the top electrode and the Ta₂O_5‐x layer, is presented, which occurs instead of a local breakdown between top and bottom electrode. The dendrite‐like structure evolves primarily at structures with a pronounced interface adsorbate layer. Furthermore, local conductive atomic force microscopy reveals that the entire dendrite region becomes conductive. Via spectromicroscopy it is demonstrated that the subsequent switching is caused by a valence change between Ta⁴⁺ and Ta⁵⁺, which takes place over the entire former Pt/Ta₂O_5‐x interface of the dendrite‐like structure.     

纳米Al2O3/Ni基合金复合材料激光熔覆层组织

采用横流5kW CO2激光，在Ni基高温合金表面制备了纳米Al2O3／Ni基合金复合材料激光熔覆层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)及附件(EDS)分析了熔覆层的快速凝固组织、成分及纳米颗粒的分布。结果表明，未加纳米Al2O3时界面区为垂直于界面、定向生长的柱状树枝晶组织；加入纳米Al2O3后，熔池凝固结晶组织形态发生变化，由细长的柱状树枝晶逐步过渡为较短的树枝晶；当Al2O3的加入量为1％时，熔覆层与基体的界面区不出现定向生长，整个断面呈现等轴枝晶组织；纳米Al2O3促进固液界面前沿形核，纳米Al2O3附着在晶体生长的前沿，阻碍晶体的长大，凝固组织得到显著细化；纳米Al2O3颗粒抑制了熔覆层裂纹的形成。     

Shape-controlled synthesis of iron sulfide nanostructures by thermal decomposition of organometallic precursors

Iron sulfide (Fe₇S₈) nanostructures were synthesized by thermal decomposition of the organometallic precursor in oleylamine. Two novel morphologies of Fe₇S₈ nanostructures (spike-like nanorod and dendrite nanosheet) can be synthesized only by changing iron sources and temperature (FeSO₄·7 H₂O, FeCl₃·6 H₂O, respectively). The complex structures of Fe₇S₈ (spike-like nanorod and dendrite nanosheet) were self-assembled by hexagonal plates. The images of scan electron microscopy (SEM) illuminated that the iron source and temperature had strong influence on the size, shape of the Fe₇S₈ products. The magnetism of iron sulfide (Fe₇S₈) nanostructures transformed from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism with the different assemblies of Fe₇S₈ products. The conductivity of dendrite nanosheet was nearly 3 orders higher than that of spike-like nanorod. Oriented growth mechanism was studied. The result showed the spike-like nanorod and dendrite nanosheet structures were the result of a temperature-dependent oriented attachment growth.     

Fabrication of oxygen-deficient TiO2 coatings with nano-fiber morphology for visible-light photocatalysis

In this study, heat treatment in carbon powder is developed as a safe, simple, and effective strategy to fundamentally enhance the visible-light photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) coatings. The target TiO₂ coatings were fabricated using the prepared Ti coatings by a heat treatment process involving pretreatment in carbon powder, followed by oxidation in air, and reduction in carbon powder. The results show that Ti₂CO coatings are formed and micro-cracks appear in the surface of the coatings during pretreatment. The Ti₂CO coatings and micro-cracks are beneficial for forming rutile TiO₂ coatings with nano-fiber morphology during subsequent oxidation. During reduction, oxygen vacancies, which promote the narrowing of band gap, are generated in the lattice of rutile TiO₂. The visible-light photocatalytic activity of the target TiO₂ coatings is effectively enhanced more than 8 times, compared with the TiO₂ coatings prepared solely by oxidation of Ti coatings. The ability to fabricate highly visible-light photoactive TiO₂ materials by simple and safe heat treatment in carbon powder opens up new opportunities in various areas, such as the preparation of powders, nanowires, films.