复杂条件下分布光纤拉曼放大器噪声特性的解析表达式

在同时考虑抽运光和信号光之间不同偏振态、多波长抽运以及抽运光和信号光损耗系数不同的情况下 ,导出了分布光纤拉曼放大器 (DFRA)的等效噪声系数解析公式 ,并据此定量研究了抽运光和信号光之间的偏振关系对DFRA特性的影响以及DFRA与掺铒光纤放大器 (EDFA)级联时系统光信噪比 (OSNR)的改善ΔOSNR。指出 :随着DFRA开关增益的增加 ,ΔOSNR会由线性增加逐渐变为对数增加而趋于饱和。解析结果与已发表文献的数值模拟结果基本吻合     

掺铒光纤放大器增益和噪声研究

文章首先介绍了掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的结构和工作原理,然后运用能级理论和激光原理,深入全面地分析了影响EDFA增益和噪声的主要因素,得出了EDFA增益和噪声与泵浦功率、泵浦方式、输入信号光功率和掺铒光纤长度等关系的一些重要结论,并且通过实验进一步验证了这些结论;提出了提高EDFA增益,减小噪声系数的方法;最后根据文中得出的结论,设计了一种高增益低噪声的C波段EDFA光路,该光路已经应用于工程实践中.     

带有前置EDFA卫星相干激光通信终端的信噪比分析

卫星激光通信链路是一项实现卫星大规模星座组网的关键技术。相干激光链路灵敏度高、抗背景干扰、速率升级空间大,在星间激光链路中应用广泛。文章建立了带有前置掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的卫星相干激光通信终端的信噪比分析模型,仿真分析了EDFA功率增益、EDFA噪声系数、本振光功率、信号光功率、光放后端光带宽、基带前端电带宽对终端输出信噪比的影响以及各种输出噪声功率占比的情况,得到了带有前置EDFA卫星相干激光通信终端的信噪比参数特性。     

CATV光网络设备原理及应用第十三讲 EDFA的结构及原理

(上接第03/04期) 自从英国南安普敦大学D.Payne等科学家发现掺铒光纤可以作为1 550 nm波长区的光放大器,并研制出第一台具有25 dB的小信号增益的掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)后,由于各国科学家的努力,今天的EDFA大量商用于各类光纤通信系统,极大地推动了光纤系统应用的发展,可以说EDFA的出现是光纤通信技术上的一场大变革.EDFA直接对光信号进行放大,可以显著增大中继距离,使超长距离传输成为可能、实行波分复用提高系统传输速率成为现实,实现光时分复用以至光弧子通信传输前景更加明朗.EDFA在HFC接入网中应用,能有效补偿光功率分配损耗,扩大覆盖范围,降低成本造价.总之,EDFA商用化是光纤传输网补偿光衰减,实现高速率、超长距离和大覆盖面的重要手段.     

基于G.652光纤的超长跨距无中继全光通信系统设计

分析了基于G.652光纤的超长跨距无中继全光通信系统主要特点,介绍了系统结构及组成单元主要功能。对于损耗、色散、非线性、光信噪比等影响系统超长跨距传输的关键因素进行了研究,并针对这些限制结合实际经验提出了相应的解决办法,如采用高增益低噪声EDFA技术、远程遥泵光放大技术、分布式拉曼光放大技术、动态色散补偿技术、光纤非线性抑制技术和级联编码超强前向纠错技术等,可为同类系统的规划和设计提供参考。     

增益可控的小型化掺铒光纤放大器的研制

介绍了一种利用980nm泵浦源、两段式光路结构设计和实现的增益可控的小型化掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的方法.首先应用谱求解的方法对EDFA的理论模型进行了研究,基于该模型对两段式EDFA进行优化,优化设计后的EDFA的增益比单段式结构提高了1.9dB,反向自发辐射噪声也得到了抑制.给出了小型化EDFA系统设计框图和主要温控电路结构,对EDFA系统的泵浦源工作状态、增益及光信噪比等参数进行了测量,得到了与理论建模相符合的结果.     

一种新型低噪声掺Er光纤放大器的研究

提出了一种新型的低噪声掺Er光纤放大器(EDFA)。将光波长交错器的输入端口与普通EDFA的输出端相连接,用于降低噪声,信号光由光波长交错器的偶信道端口输出。利用光波长交错器的梳状反射特性,抑制EDFA的放大自发辐射(ASE),改善EDFA的噪声特性,使其具有低噪声的特点。采用4m长的掺Er光纤(EDF)作为增益介质,小信号功率为-26dBm时,在1530～1560nm带宽范围内,测得低噪声EDFA的噪声系数低于3.83dB,仅比噪声系数的量子极限3dB大0.83dB。     

用级联光纤光栅补偿色散在G.652光纤上4×10Gbps无电中继低代价传输640km

用计算机控制扫描法写入的低偏振模色散(PMD＜1.2ps)切趾啁啾光纤光栅级联补偿了4×10Gbps在G.652光纤上传输640km的色散,功率代价不大于1.5dB,光栅引入的损耗小于4dB,并研究了光源波动时系统功率代价的变化.实验表明总的功率代价不与光栅组的数目或光栅组数目的平方根成比例关系,为长距离无中继在G.652光纤传输用光栅补偿色散提供了实验依据,光栅的时延纹波不是各组单个光栅纹波的简单叠加,而是与光栅的位置及EDFA增益有关.     

如何克服OXC级连造成的性能退化

在全光网络中，多个波长交换节点（WSN）级连的损耗和噪声有可能累积起来，造成光信号劣化和光信噪比降低。通过使用合适的滤波器、波长锁定的激光器、低噪声的光放大器 和低损耗的光纤等方式，可以增加级连的节点数目。     

RoF外调制链路的噪声系数分析

分析了光纤承载无线（RoF,Radio over Fiber）外调制链路的噪声系数。通过建立数学模型,从小信号模型下推导出外部调制链路的增益和噪声系数的表达式,并研究了影响链路噪声系数的各种因素,如调制器的半波电压,输入光功率,光纤损耗,检测器的效率等,理论上得出降低噪声系数的一般方法和结论,即可以适当的降低调制器的半波偏置电压,提高激光器的输入光功率,可以选用低损耗光纤以及提高检测器的斜度效率等。     

DWDM系统中级联EDFA光信噪比计算

本文推导出级联EDFA密集波分复用系统光信噪比表达式,并由EDFA噪声指数的定义推导出级联EDFA系统等效噪声指数的表达式,分析了级联EDFA系统输出端OSNRout与等效噪声指数之间的关系,并通过实验对之加以了验证。     

Local and global approaches for the adaptive control of a cascade of amplifiers

In this work we present and analyze three approaches for the adaptive control of the operating point of a cascade of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), aimed at optical networks performance enhancement. The first approach is called Annealing Search Heuristic with Backpropagation and flexible output (AsHB flex) and uses machine learning concepts to update the amplifier gains through an iterative process. The second one (Exhaustive Method) uses an exhaustive search to evaluate all possible solutions for the problem and obtain the optimum solution. The last one (MaxGain) is a heuristic method that uses previous knowledge about the problem to obtain the solutions. The amplifier characteristics and specifications were obtained experimentally through measurements of gain, noise figure, gain ripple and power consumption on commercially available EDFAs. We performed comparisons among these approaches and others found in the literature, and the results show that the three proposals outperformed the previous ones in terms of noise figure, gain ripple and BER. For example, in a link with four amplifiers the Exhaustive Method achieved a reduction in the cascade noise figure from 10.05 to 5.18 dB, a reduction in the gain ripple from 24.08 to 18.56 dB and a reduction in the BER in almost two orders of magnitude, when compared with the traditional approach, which defines the gain to compensate the loss of the previous link. However, the computation time of Exhaustive Method becomes prohibitive as the number of amplifiers in the link increases. Both MaxGain and AsHBflex obtained similar solutions, close to the optimum operation point in a reasonable time.     

Noise Figure Limit of L-band EDFAs

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with high gain generally degrade the signal-to-noise ratio by at least 3 dB. In the conventional wavelength band, noise figures close to the so-called quantum limit can be obtained by strong pumping. Due to their lower average population in the metastable level, this limit is not reached by amplifiers designed for the long-wavelength band (L-band). In this paper, the lower noise figure limit is determined for such amplifiers. It has been found that the noise figure for typical gain values of about 30 dB can be very close to the quantum limit, whereas significantly larger noise figure values result for small amplifier gains. The lower limit decreases with increasing gain if the gain values are beyond 5 dB. In addition, the results reveal that low temperatures yield better noise figure.     

Analysis of optical gain enhanced erbium-doped fiber amplifiersusing optical filters

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with enhanced optical gain obtained by incorporating narrow-bandpass optical filters into the amplifier length are studied. It is shown in theory that it is possible to increase optical gain by more than 10 dB for optical signals around the wavelength of 1.55 μm, compared with conventional EDFAs without filters. It is also shown that the gain improvement at longer wavelengths away from the amplifier gain peak is much higher than that of the EDFA with an optical isolator within the amplifier length. The optimum filter position is found to be around 42% of the total amplifier length from the input end. The effects of filter insertion loss and pump loss are discussed. This amplifier can be used as an optical preamplifier in a receiver for a wide range of wavelengths     

980 nm和1480 nm LD混合泵浦两段级联掺铒光纤放大器实验研究

采用两段级联掺铒光纤、９８０ｎｍ和１４８０ｎｍＬＤ混合泵浦方式，实验分析比较了内插光隔离器和内插光隔离－耦合环光路结构掺铒光纤放大器（ＥＤＦＡ）的增益、噪声系数和输出功率特性。研制出内插光隔离－耦合环的ＥＤＦＡ，在信号波长１５５３．５ｎｍ处，小信号增益为４２．８ｄＢ，噪声系数为４．４ｄＢ，输出功率为１５．２ｄＢｍ。     

密集波分复用系统中级联EDFA光信噪比分析

文中推导出级联 EDFA密集波分复用系统光信噪比表达式 ,并由 EDFA噪声指数的定义推导出级联 EDFA系统等效噪声指数的表达式 ,分析了级联 EDFA系统输出端 OSNRout与等效噪声指数之间的关系 ,通过实验对其进行了验证     

Raman-amplifier-based submarine transmission systems

The broad bandwidth and low noise figure of a distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) makes it attractive for use in high-capacity, long-haul transmission systems. This paper discusses key technologies for such systems using Raman amplifiers (RAs), such as a method to expand the signal bandwidth for hybrid DRA/EDFAs and all-RAs. The combination of two different types of optical amplifiers enables them to compensate for each other's gain profiles through adjustment of the RA's pump wavelength allocation to reduce the accumulated gain deviation. A variable gain equalization scheme is also described. Furthermore, we have developed a form of dispersion management suitable for a system using DRAs. The overall system performance with this management during a transmission experiment was 1.6 dB better than that with conventional management. Using these techniques, we successfully demonstrated 2.1-Tb/s 7221-km transmission in a system using hybrid DRA/EDFAs and 2.4-Tb/s 7404-km transmission in a system using DRAs.     

全光中继光纤传输系统中掺铒光纤放大器监控的研究

文章对全光中继光纤传输系统中掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)作为提升放大器、线路放大器和前置放大器的监控问题进行了探讨,提出了利用相干光时域反射仪与本地控制单元监测和控制线路EDFA的增益与主备用倒换的方案,该方案可实现对上行和下行的线路EDFA的单端全光监测。     

The Effects of Complex Energy Transfer Dynamics and Gaussian Profiles on the Performance of High-Concentration EDFAs

In this paper, we investigate the effects of complex energy transfer dynamics and Gaussian profiles on the gain and noise figure performance of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with high doping concentration. We use a two-level system to study the complex energy transfer dynamics that comes from the homogeneous up-conversion (HUC) and the pair-induced quenching (PIQ). In our model, the system is stimulated by a pump source at the wavelength of 1480 nm and operated with a signal source at the wavelength of 1560 nm. Assuming a uniform distribution of erbium ions in the fiber core, we approximate the fundamental mode distributions by Gaussian profiles which are commonly used to calculate the mode radius or spot size. Using the numerical calculations and analysis of the rate and power propagation equations for a two-level model under consideration, the most advantageous Gaussian profile is determined as the Whitley mode radius to obtain a high-gain and a low-noise figure per unit length of silica-based fiber amplifiers. The effects of the number of ions per cluster and the percentage of ions in clusters on the calculated gain and noise figure are compared for several pump powers. Results are discussed to achieve a desired gain and noise figure performance, and compared with the available experimental data to verify the feasibility of the model.     

光纤CATV系统载噪比劣化与光放大器噪声系数的关系

介绍了利用CATV分析仪,通过测量光放大器引起的系统载噪比劣化来推算光放大器噪声系数的方法,给出了噪声系数与载噪比劣化之间的关系。根据实验测量数据得到的噪声系数曲线与掺饵光纤放大器专用设计软件的数值模拟结果一致。