三阶多项式相位信号参数估计

三阶多项式相位信号常用于描述复杂运动目标的雷达回波,但其未知参数多,参数估计实现起来比较困难。针对此问题,本文提出了一种分两步的三阶多项式相位信号参数估计方法:首先利用Radon变换提取三阶多项式相位信号在三次相位变换后对应的直线,从而得到相位参数的初始值估计;然后将初始值代入最大似然估计函数并利用单纯形法对其进行优化得到精确估计结果。给出了单分量和多分量情况下的参数估计流程。仿真结果表明,本文算法估计性能达到CRB界,且起始工作信噪比门限低。      

一种新的正弦信号频率和初相估计方法

提出了一种新的正弦信号频率和初相估计方法——频谱遍历法.该方法通过改变理想正弦信号频谱峰值实现对采样信号频谱峰值的遍历.分析了噪声对信号频谱幅度的影响,并以此给出了谱线遍历范围的选取准则.先估计频率,采用移频操作达到了良好的频域稳定性;再估计相位,避免了相位测量模糊的问题.在信噪比为6dB、采样点数为1024的情况下,频率估计均方根误差约为DFT频率分辨率的0.8％,初相估计均方根误差约为1.5°.Monte Carlo仿真表明,在达到一定信噪比或采样长度时,该方法的频率估计精度可突破CR下限,初相估计精度基本达到CR下限.     

An analysis of the effects of ground reflection in line-of-sight phase systems

The presence of a reflected component in a line-of-sight radio system influences the phase variability resulting from atmospheric changes along and near the path. An analysis is made of a simple case showing the general nature of this effect and the parameters upon which it depends. A method is presented for calculating the phase behavior of the resultant signal, in terms of that expected from a single direct component, and the relevant system parameters.     

Pulse evolution in a photorefractive self-pumped phase conjugatorwith transmission grating geometry

The effect of grating dispersion on pulse evolution in a photorefractive self-pumped phase conjugator is analyzed. The broadening factors and the time-dependent phases of self-pumped phase-conjugate pulses of unchirped and chirped Gaussian pulses are obtained. When the grating dispersion and the angular dispersion cancel the material dispersion, the self-pumped phase-conjugate pulse has a minimum width, which is determined by the first-order dispersion of the grating. The self-pumped phase conjugation of an unchirped Gaussian pulse broadens and is linearly chirped whereas the self-pumped phase conjugation of a chirped Gaussian pulse is compressed when the dispersion-induced chirp cancels the initial chirp     

有位相调制下的自透明条件

由于自位相调制现象的存在.用二能级Bloch方程所推导的自感应透明严格来说是不存在的,只是在一些很强的条件限制下自感应透明现象才会近似地出现.     

内通道轴向风速对强激光相位特性的影响

针对内通道传输过程中激光束相位特性的变化,建立了内通道中光场-流场的耦合仿真模型,通过引入湍流相位屏模拟了内通道中湍流扰动对传输光束波前相位的影响。在此基础上,定量计算了不同轴向风速条件下内通道传输光束的波前相位特性,并结合自适应波前校正模型,分析了激光束经内通道传输后的波前校正效果。研究结果表明,随着轴向风速的增大,激光束波前相位中的高频成分呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,经自适应波前校正后的光束质量也呈现出类似趋势,且当轴向风速约为0.65 m/s时畸变波前中的高频成分最多,经波前校正后的光束质量最差。该模型能够为激光控制系统的设计和性能评估提供一定参考。     

A phase shifter with one tunable component for a reflectarray antenna

The combination of a dipole and a tunable varactor forms a phase shifter with one tunable component that provides a phase shift over a wide range, from 00 to nearly 3600. The dipole, loaded with a tunable varactor, is used as a patch component of a low-profile reflectarray antenna. An economic assessment shows that the production price of the suggested phase shifter with one tunable component is more than 10 times smaller than the price of the traditional phase shifter, based on p-i-n diode components. The design of such a phase shifter is the goal of this paper. Simulations of the phase shift and loss of the reflected wave as a function of control voltage applied to the varactor were used, based on an analytical model verified by fullwave analysis. The results of simulations are in agreement with measurements. The fast and correct simulation of the reflection coefficient from the dipole loaded with the tunable varactor can be used for the design and optimization of a lowprofile steerable reflectarray antenna.     

A Bayesian filtering technique for SAR interferometric phase fields

SAR interferograms are affected by a strong noise component which often prevents correct phase unwrapping and always impairs the phase reconstruction accuracy. To obtain satisfactory performance, most filtering techniques exploit prior information by means of ad hoc, empirical strategies. In this paper, we recast phase filtering as a Bayesian estimation problem in which the image prior is modeled as a suitable Markov random field, and the filtered phase field is the configuration with maximum a posteriori probability. Assuming the image to be residue free and generally smooth, a two-component MRF model is adopted, where the first component penalizes residues, while the second one penalizes discontinuities. Constrained aimulated annealing is then used to find the optimal solution. The experimental analysis shows that, by gradually adjusting the MRF parameters, the algorithm filters out most of the high-frequency noise and, in the limit, eliminates all residues, allowing for a trivial phase unwrapping. Given a limited processing time, the algorithm is still able to eliminate most residues, paving the way for the successful use of any subsequent phase unwrapping technique.     

Unbiased estimation of an initial phase

This paper explores the problem of the unbiased estimation of the initial phase of a tone burst. Two types of initial phase estimators are investigated. The first one is based on the modification of a well-known statistically-optimal approach of estimation the phase of a continuous sinusoidal signal in the presence of a noise. The modified version permits nonlinear compensation of a priori unknown bias which is a function of a tone frequency, length of the observation interval, and of an unknown initial phase itself. The second approach employs a notch filter at the burst's ‘steady-state’ frequency. The transient of such a filter resulting from the onset of a burst can be used to deduce the signal's initial phase while the steady-state response is eliminated. Analysis shows that an estimation is unbiased and, therefore, it might be reasonably applied in high SNR environments where an estimate must be made within an extremely short length of an observation interval (less than one period).     

非线性Tavis-Cummings模型压缩光场的Pancharatnam相位特性

研究了存在非线性Kerr介质时,耦合双原子与单模压缩真空场相互作用系统的Pancharatnam相位特性。选取合适的初始条件和运用旋波近似,通过解薛定谔方程求出Pancharatnam相位的表示形式,并对此相位进行数值分析。结果表明：耦合双原子处于任意初态,随着原子与光场相互作用强度、两个二能级原子偶极-偶极耦合强度和非线性Kerr介质非线性的增大,Pancharatnam相位演化的频率都显著增长。耦合双原子初态同处激发态时,pancharatnam相位演化有明显的振荡上升（或振荡下降)的趋势。耦合双原子初态只有一个处于激发态时,随着Kerr介质非线性作用的增强,Pancharatnam相位演化变混乱。     

用正交态方法实现非绝热几何量子计算

精确求解了自旋1/2粒子在旋转磁场下的Bloch方程,并用旋转坐标系方法得到此系统的精确波函数。对演化波函数取绝热极限可得到Berry几何相,并将这些结果与Bitter等的慢中子实验做了比较。对旋转磁场下的一般AA循环,本文得到了Aharonov-Anandan(AA)总相位和几何相的解析结果。当采取正交态的一般方法,即取入射初态为等权重的两个正交态的叠加,可以证明非对角动力学相与非对角几何相同对角动力学相一样在任意时刻抵消,剩下几何相的对角部分。对匀速旋转的圆锥磁场,此几何相类似Berry几何相为时间的线性函数。最后也讨论了正交态方法和最近用实验实现非绝热几何量子门工作的关系。     

The effects of phase on high-resolution frequency estimators

Several different ways in which the initial phase differences between two closely spaced sinusoids manifests itself, e.g., in the singular values of the data matrix, the angles between signal vectors, and the Cramer-Rao bound, are described. A closed-form expression for the singular values of the data matrices used in subspace-based algorithms and an expression for the angle between the signal components are presented. Based on these expressions, conjectures are made regarding the effect of the relative phase difference between signal components on the resolving ability of subspace-based techniques. The behavior of the Cramer-Rao bound for the two-complex-sinusoid case is examined as a function of phase difference. Predictions are made as to the effect of this behavior on expected algorithm performance as a function of the phase difference. Empirical results that validate the prediction are provided     

Compensation of the phase flicker noise in a bipolar-transistor power amplifier

Relationships between the parameters of a bipolar-transistor (BT) common-base power amplifier, which provide compensation of the flicker component of the phase noise of the output signal during operation in the linear mode, are obtained. This effect is revealed in the microwave frequency band by means of numerical simulation. It is shown that after introduction of nonlinear parameters in the BT equivalent circuit, the effect persists in some vicinity of the compensation point calculated for the linear case.     

Image reconstruction from localized phase

The authors present a novel approach to image representation using partial information defined by the localized phase. The scheme is implemented using the short-time (short-distance) Fourier transform. This is a generalization of the Gabor scheme which is well-established with regard to biological representation of visual information at the level of the visual cortex. Similar to processing in vision, the DC component is first extracted from the signal and treated separately. Computational results and theoretical analysis indicate that image reconstruction from the localized phase representation requires fewer computer operations and yields an improved rate of convergence compared to reconstruction from the global phase representation. It is also implementable with fast algorithms using highly parallel architecture     

激光脉冲初始相位对电子辐射的影响

为了研究超短超强椭圆偏振激光初始相位对于高能电子辐射特性的影响, 采用了Lorentz方程与电子能量方程构造高能电子与强激光场的对撞模型的方法, 并使用MATLAB进行数值模拟, 获得了电子的运动轨迹以及激光场空间辐射的功率与能量分布的数据与图像, 对不同的激光初始相位所对应的3维空间辐射特性进行了研究。结果表明, 当激光脉冲撞击电子时, 电子产生辐射, 且辐射功率呈现出双峰形; 高能电子的辐射功率图像在初始相位为0°, 180°和360°时表现为对称型双峰, 而在其它相位下则呈现出非对称型双峰。该结论为超短超强椭圆偏振激光的初始相位3维反探测研究提供了一定的基础。     

基于相位的热障涂层厚度及其脱粘缺陷红外定量识别

为了促进热障涂层红外无损检测的定量检测研究, 建立了轴对称圆柱坐标下的热障涂层脉冲相位检测模型, 针对研究模型, 采用有限体积法求解出脉冲热激励下的温度场, 将温度进行FFT变化得到相位分布, 分析了不同因素对检测表面相位差分布的影响。在此基础上, 采用LM算法研究了轴对称圆柱坐标下对热障涂层厚度的大小和脱粘缺陷的位置进行定量化检测的方法, 分析了不同因素对检测结果的影响。研究结果表明: 当不存在测温误差时, 不同的初始假设、采样窗口时间下都能得到很高的识别精度, 其对定量识别的影响不大, 当测温仅存在均匀误差时, 涂层厚度和脱粘缺陷位置识别精度都很高, 均匀误差对识别无影响, 识别结果的精度会随测温随机误差的增大而降低, 但在较大的随机误差下仍有较高的识别精度。     

Interaction of electromagnetic waves with nonlinear substance layer under conditions of electron paramagnetic resonance in millimeter waves

Trancated equations have been obtained by the Green's functions method for a slowly varying amplitude of a transverse magnetic field component in a paramagnetic layer under conditions of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). A magnetic susceptibiliti of the substence has been found from the Bloch equation for a homogeneously line breadth of the EPR. In a stationary case a solution of a nonlinear boundary-value problem is redused to a solution of two boundary problems for amplitude and phase equations. It is shown that unstable regimes of the electrodynamic system under inves tigation are possible. Electrodynamic characteristics of a nonlinear resonator of the Fabry-Pero type filled with a saturated paramagnetic medium have been analyzed numerically in a non-stationery case.     

单透镜系统中与色散融合的混合相位恢复方法

相位恢复是利用能观测到的强度信息恢复原始相位信息。强度传输方程（TIE）作为一种传统的非干涉相位恢复技术,只需通过测量至少两个相近平面的强度信息即可计算出相位信息。这种方法通常需要通过移动被测物体或摄像机来获取强度图像,不可避免地会产生机械误差。提出了一种新的相位恢复方法:与色散融合的混合相位恢复算法（CD-HPR）。通过设置不同波长的光通过单透镜系统得到物体在同一位置成的像,这样不需要机械运动就能获得聚焦和散焦图像强度,然后结合散焦量与波长之间的关系计算出散焦量,再用强度传输方程计算初始相位信息。角谱迭代算法的使用较好地改进了初始相位值。在仿真实验中,该方法恢复的相位与原始相位之间的均方差为0.1076;同时,通过实验恢复了透镜阵列的相位,实验结果与实际参数的误差为3.4%,证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。该方法扩展了传统方法要求光源为单色的局限性,提高了计算精度。     

液晶可变相位延迟器相位延迟的精确定标

为了能够利用液晶可变相位延迟器(LCVR,liquid crystal variable retarder)对 光波的相位延迟进行准 确测量,提出一种基于Stokes参量测量光强法和最小二乘法的LCVR对光波相位延迟的精确定 标方法。从理论分析光波经LCVR后影响相位延迟变化的因素,采用基于Stokes参 量测量的光强法分别对波长为405、532、632和641nm入射光相位延迟随电 压的变化进行测 量, 并实验验证归一化后的相位延迟变化只与驱动电压有关;基于最小二乘法对不同波长的 初始相位延迟量进行定标研究,导出不同波长入射光经LCVR后初始相位延迟量定 标方程,用671 nm波长 的激光对定标方程进行了验证,经定标方程求解的671nm波长的初始相位延 迟量与实 际值偏差为 1.4 nm,且任一驱动电压下,相位延迟量的实际测量值与公式定标计算 值最大相对误差为0. 18%。最后,通过与其他定标方法的比较,进一步说明采用本文方法定标的精确性 和可靠 性。     

Model of boron diffusion from gas phase in silicon carbide

Boron diffusion from the gas phase in silicon carbide is described on the basis of a two-component model. “Shallow” boron, i.e., boron at silicon sites, is a slow component with a high surface concentration. Its diffusivity is proportional to the concentration of positively charged intrinsic point defects, which are presumably interstitial silicon atoms. “Deep” boron, i.e., impurity-defect pairs of boron-carbon vacancy, is a fast component with lower surface concentration. The ratio between the surface concentrations of the components depends on the pressure of silicon or carbon vapors in the gas phase. The diffusion and interaction of components are described by the set of diffusion-reaction equations. The diffusion retardation observed on the concentration-profile tail is related to the capture of impurity-defect pairs and excess vacancies by traps of background impurities and defects.