长腔被动锁模掺镱光纤激光器的方波脉冲产生

报道了一种基于非线性光纤环形镜(NOLM)、工作在耗散孤子共振(DSR)区的长腔被动锁模掺镱光纤激光器,该激光器谐振腔的总长度约为1502 m,可以输出重复频率为133.18 kHz的高能量方波脉冲,且输出脉冲的宽度和单脉冲能量均随泵浦功率的增大而呈线性增大。当泵浦功率增大到414.47 mW时,输出的方波脉冲具有最大宽度(761.6 ns),同时单脉冲能量达到了最大值(60.2 nJ)。通过改变NOLM中单模光纤的长度,进一步研究了谐振腔长度对输出方波脉冲特性的影响,结果表明:谐振腔越长,所得DSR方波脉冲越宽,脉冲峰值功率越低。     

远红外自由电子激光器中超短光脉冲的产生

探讨了射频型远红外波导自由电子激光器（ＦＩＲ—ＦＥＬ）中产生超短光脉冲的可能性。由于短电子束辐射出与其长度相当的光脉冲．因此提出了选择适当的电子束起始相速度来确保正增益和光脉冲折射率沿相对滑移方向单调增加，这样当光脉冲渡越折射率渐变的“增益介质”—电子束团时．光脉冲前后沿将向中心相向移动而使其径向宽度被压缩。则可能获得远红外波段的高功率超短光脉冲。     

Analysis of laser pulse chirping in mode-locked vertical cavitysurface-emitting lasers

Mode-locked vertical cavity lasers have a large cross-sectional area and consequently a large saturation energy and large peak powers. The authors analyze excess optical bandwidth generation in these lasers and find that self-phase modulation due to optical pumping and gain saturation is the dominant factor in inducing laser pulse chirping. The large magnitude of the chirp makes intracavity prism-pair compensation difficult. Adjustment of the cavity length has a major impact on the pulse chirping, as observed experimentally. Proper adjustment can result in a large linear frequency chirp which can be compensated using external pulse compression techniques     

基于方形腔耦合金属波导结构的全光等离子体开关

提出了一种新型的方形腔耦合金属波导结构,该结构由两个相互平行的矩形金属波导和一个内嵌可连通的方形谐振腔构成。利用方形谐振腔局域表面等离子体实现带阻滤波特性,并通过多路复用实现双端口全光等离子体开关。采用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)研究了方形腔的边长、折射率和谐振距离对强透射特性的影响。结果表明,基于方形腔耦合金属波导结构的光开关在工作中具有较好的阻带特性和透射特性,其最大透射率可达92%,最小阻带透射率达0.2%,工作波长范围为607~785nm。     

全固体1.3μm增益开关激光器的研究

增益开关和Q开关是获得脉冲激光运转的常用方法,对于在非线性光学研究、光通讯第二窗口装置检测、光纤传感等方面有着广泛应用前景的1.3μm波段全固体激光的脉冲产生,提出了使用增益开关的方法。首先在理论上使用速率方程对增益开关的运转进行分析,并就腔长对脉冲参数的影响进行了数值模拟。接着在实验上采用高频调制激光二极管供电电源的方法,使Nd:YVO4激光器工作在增益开关状态,即通过逐渐减小工作电源泵浦电流的脉冲宽度,使激光仅输出弛豫振荡的第一个脉冲,最后在泵浦电流脉冲宽度为5μs时,获得了平均功率80mW,光脉冲宽度200ns,频率200kHz,峰值功率2W,单脉冲能量0.4μJ的1.342μm激光的增益开关运转。     

核电磁脉冲与开孔金属腔体耦合特性研究

利用基于时域有限差分法(FDTD)的电磁仿真软件XFDTD,研究了核电磁脉冲与开孔腔体的耦合规律。分析了不同极化方向的核电磁脉冲入射时,矩形孔洞长宽比对耦合特性的影响;讨论了核电磁脉冲照射下,腔体谐振和孔缝与腔体的耦合谐振现象;给出了腔体内部电场分布的截面图,讨论了核电磁脉冲入射时腔体内外电场的空间分布情况。研究结果表明:当核电磁脉冲的极化方向与开孔矩形短边平行时,耦合的电场强度比正方形开孔时的要大,且长宽比越大,耦合的电场强度越大;当核电磁脉冲的极化方向与开孔矩形长边平行时,耦合的电场强度比正方形开孔时的小,且长宽比越大,耦合的电场强度越小。极化方向与矩形开孔短边平行时,腔体内产生了腔体谐振和孔缝与腔体的耦合谐振,开孔尺寸的变化会引起谐振频率的偏移;极化方向平行于长边时无明显电磁谐振发生。核电磁脉冲对屏蔽体内的影响主要局限于开孔附近。     

Generation of frequency-chirped optical pulses in a large-slippagefree-electron laser

We have investigated the optical output of the free-electron laser for infrared experiments (FELIX) when it is driven by an electron beam with a ramped energy. We show that the applied slow ramp on the electron beam energy leads to a frequency chirp on each picosecond optical pulse. Typical values for the chirp are 0.2% frequency sweep across a 1.5-ps-long optical pulse. The optical pulses were analyzed with a double-grating pair and with a second-order autocorrelator. The pulse duration was reduced in the double-grating pair by 20%. A linear dependence of the chirp on the cavity desynchronization was measured     

The Study on the Variation of the Cavity Length''''s Influence on the Output Pulse Train of the Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser

1 Introduction The actively mode-locked fiber laser is a very poten-tially valuable light source applied to ultrafast OpticalTi me Division Multiplexed ( OTDM) communicationsystems,optoelectronic sampling systems ,etc .,for itcan generate very short (the duration of the pulseisjustseveral ps or evenless) ,highrepetition-rate (the repeti-tion-rate can be 40 GHz or more) optical pulse train.However ,fiber ringlasers are very sensitive to environ-mental perturbations such as temperature fluct…     

A 170 J electron beam pumped XeF(C→A) laser

A pulse output energy of 170 J has been achieved from an XeF(C→A) laser system, pumped by a pair of counterpropagating, three-meter-long electron beams. This represents a record for all types of pumping, for this excimer system. Energy was extracted from a volume of ~100 L, using a free-running stable oscillator. No evidence of laser oscillations on the competing XeF(B→X) transition was observed. Within the extraction volume the laser gas was pumped at a rate of 140 kW/cm³ (time average value), for a period of 1.7 μs. The optical cavity was folded, giving a gain length of 6 m. The optical pulse duration was 0.8 μs (full width at half maximum), and the observed flux buildup time of ~1 μs was consistent with modeling and a measurement of the net gain. The specific output energy was 1.7 J/L which is comparable to that achieved in previous, small scale experiments at somewhat higher pump rate. The results confirm the volumetric scalability of the electron beam pumped XeF(C→A) laser system to high output energy per pulse, and the feasibility of operating this system at a low electron beam pump rate which relaxes constraints on the design of the electron gun and pulse power subsystems in a high output energy device. Means for extending the laser pulse duration and increasing the output energy of the specific test device are discussed. An output energy of ~1000 J is projected for an optimized gas cell width, for full size resonator mirrors, and with injection     

Frequency-stabilized mode-locked solid-state laser system forprecision range-Doppler imaging

We report measurements which show that an actively stabilized cw mode-locked Nd:YLF laser, in combination with a flashlamp-pumped Nd:glass amplifier, can achieve better than 1 cm resolution of distant rotating targets using range-Doppler imaging. To do this, we have produced trains of 50 ps mode-locked pulses with less than 25 kHz peak-to-peak optical frequency broadening and jitter of the laser modes. This frequency stability is achieved by active control of the oscillator cavity length using an external cavity as a reference. Cavity length stabilization can also reduce mode-locked laser timing jitter if the jitter is caused by cavity optical path length changes common to all laser modes. In our laser, however, the active optical-frequency-stabilization did not significantly improve laser pulse timing stability from the approximate 2-ps jitter levels achieved in our passively stabilized cavity. Analysis of the data indicates that a significant fraction of the timing jitter was due to laser cavity path length changes that varied from mode to mode     

The self-pulsing laser oscillator

The self-pulsing laser oscillator is examined theoretically by developing a simple model based on the assumption that the pulse in the laser cavity is a 180° pulse for the medium. The concept of an optical 180° pulse is closely analogous to the idea of a 180° RF pulse discussed in spin-echo studies. The range of parameters for which a laser oscillator is expected to be self-pulsing is found from this theory, and the results are compared with experimental observations of the behavior of a 6328 Å He-Ne laser oscillator. Observations of self-pulsing are made as a function of cavity length, position of the gain medium in the laser cavity, and laser excitation. Observations of pulse widths and output frequency spectra are also reported. It is found that the main features of the experimental observations agree well with the theoretical predictions.     

新型史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光实验

介绍一种新型的Smith PurcellFEL实验 ,实验中利用中等能量级的相对论电子束激励 ,由衍射光栅和三反射镜组成的新型准光学系统 ,可以产生可调短毫米波、远红外波段的辐射。主要实验参数为 :电子注能量为 40 0～ 5 0 0keV ,电压脉冲宽度 70ns ,同步脉冲磁场强度 1.2T ,成功地检测到 3mm波段的毫米波信号 ,其峰值功率达到数十千瓦     

双波长可切换方波类噪声锁模线形光纤激光器

采用非线性偏振旋转锁模技术,在线形腔光纤激光器获得双波长可切换方波类噪声锁模。通过调节腔参数,激光器在波长1530 nm和1563 nm处分别获得可切换单波长方波类噪声锁模,最大脉冲宽度分别为12 ns和26 ns,腔内最大的脉冲能量分别可达14.7 nJ和45.6 nJ。此外激光器还可在这两波长处实现双波长类噪声锁模,锁模脉冲呈阶梯形,最大脉宽为5 ns,阶梯形脉冲的产生主要源于不同中心波长处的方波脉冲叠加。实验结果有助于进一步理解线形腔光纤激光器中方波类噪声的产生机理和特性,并为多波长高能量光源的设计提供参考。     

Small turn-on delay time in 1.3 μm InAsP/InP strained doublequantum-well lasers with very-low threshold current

It is demonstrated for the first time that compressively strained InAsP/InP double quantum-well (DQW) lasers emitting at 1.3 μm performed a very small turn-on delay time by a significant reduction in threshold current. Lasers with 200 μm cavity length and high reflection coating achieved both very low threshold current of 1.8 mA and a small turn-on delay time (200 ps) even under a bias-less 30 mA pulse current. An additional power penalty was simulated, and it was shown that these small-delay and low-threshold performances are suitable for high-speed optical parallel data transmitters in computer networks     

脉冲TEA CO2激光器输出模拟

为了研究气体配比、抽运电子密度、腔长对脉冲横向激励大气压CO2激光器输出功率的影响,采用了六温度模型的方法,对工作气体中不同分子振动模式间的能量转移和激光输出功率进行了理论分析和模拟。当CO2,N2,He的体积比由4:30:65上升到6:30:65时,脉冲功率增加,输出延迟时间变短;当CO2,N2,He的体积比由5:15:65上升到5:35:65时,脉冲功率按先增加后减小的趋势变化,在N2比例约为25时达到最大;当CO2,N2,He的体积比为5:30:65、最大抽运电子密度由41012/cm3增加到61012/cm3、腔长由2m增加到4m时,脉冲功率都会逐渐增加;脉冲功率越大时,输出延迟时间越短,但有更长的拖尾现象。结果表明,气体配比、抽运电子密度、腔长对脉冲输出功率有影响,该研究为设计和优化激光器提供了参考。     

Photonic Generation of Chirped Microwave Pulses Using Superimposed Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings

A novel approach to generating linearly chirped microwave pulses in the optical domain based on spectral shaping and linear frequency-to-time mapping is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed system, the spectrum of a femtosecond pulse generated by a mode-locked fiber laser is spectrum-shaped by an optical filter that consists of two superimposed chirped fiber Bragg gratings (SI-CFBGs) with different chirp rates. The SI-CFBGs form a Fabry-Perot cavity with a cavity length linearly dependent on the resonance wavelength, thus a spectral response with an increased or decreased free spectral range is generated. A chirped microwave pulse with the pulse shape identical to the shaped spectrum is obtained at the output of a high-speed photodetector thanks to the frequency-to-time mapping in a dispersive device. The proposed technique is experimentally demonstrated, a linearly chirped microwave pulse with a central frequency of 15 GHz and a chirp rate of 0.0217 GHz/ps is experimentally generated.     

Ultra-low threshold current laser for optical parallel datacommunication

The drive current of a directly modulated semiconductor laser for optical parallel data communication was investigated by taking into account both the threshold current and the differential quantum efficiency which are defined from the cavity length and the mirror reflectivities. Then the drive current required for an error free data communication (bit error rate: BER<10^-9) with the bit rate of 1 Gb/s was shown as a function of the threshold current with parameters of the cavity length and the mirror reflectivities. It was found that the laser cavity design which yields the minimum drive current is almost the same condition to achieve the minimum threshold current operation when the total system loss is low (<10 dB), whereas the cavity design for higher differential quantum efficiency is required when the total system loss is much higher. When the cavity length is 100 μm and the rear mirror reflectivity R_r is 0.99 for an example, the front mirror reflectivity R_f which gives the minimum drive current was obtained to be 0.94, 0.91, and 0.8 for the total system loss of 6, 10, and 20 dB, respectively     

High-speed electron beam testing using an electron-optical phaseshift element

An electron-optical element has been developed which delays electron pulses with continuous phase shift resolution. The inherently jitter-free method relies on the change of beam potential over a length of the optical path to modify the electron pulse transit time. Direct pulse measurements using 5 ps pulses demonstrate subpicosecond resolved delays while waveforms have been measured on coplanar lines     

Simulation of mode-locking by nonlinear polarization rotation in a semiconductor optical amplifier

We present a theoretical investigation of a mode locked laser that has a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in its ring cavity. A mode-locked train of narrow pulses is obtained by combining nonlinear polarization rotation in the SOA and a polarization filter whose polarization axis is set such that the tail of optical pulses is removed in each cavity round-trip. The pulse narrowing process is demonstrated numerically and good qualitative agreement with experiments in our previous work is achieved. The pulse performance is largely determined by the ultrafast SOA gain dynamics and the cavity dispersion. Our simulation shows that the laser can produce a pulse train of subpicosecond pulsewidth at a repetition rate of 28 GHz for a moderate SOA current level. We observe that the laser can switch itself on or off depending on the initial pulse.     

Improved magnetooptic modulator for ultrafast current pulses

A technique is proposed to improve the optical response of a magnetooptic (MO) modulator. The rate at which a MO modulator can operate is limited by the relatively slow relaxation of electron spin carrier populations within the MO material. This relaxation time can be more than an order of magnitude longer than the excitation time. Using a current pulse guided by a superconducting stripline it is possible to create a magnetic field within an MO material. This magnetic field rapidly excites electron spin carriers, resulting in the rapid polarization rotation of an optical beam. Providing a second current pulse of opposite sign to the system generates a second rapid excitation of opposite sign electron spin carriers and returns the polarization to its initial direction. This push-pull technique has the potential to create picosecond optical pulses and provides for the full utilization of the picosecond response time of MO materials