部分正交空时块编码(POSTBC)及其解码算法

提出一种三发射天线的部分正交空时编码(POSTBC)结构.发送天线被分成两组,第一组采用Alamouti STBC编码,第二组则直接采用QPSK调制 .和Alamouti STBC 分组码相比它的优点是不需要偶数根发射天线. 由于各组发送的数据流相互独立,针对这一系统框架,采用了最优排序串行干扰消除(OSIC)译码算法和一种新的译码算法.计算机仿真结果表明,这种空时编码(MIMO)结构在等数据率的情况下能获得比相应的V-BLAST系统更优的性能.     

一种基于分布式发射天线的差分空时调制方法

在基于分布式发射天线的多入多出(MIMO)系统中,由于各发射天线的发射信号不同时到达接收端,用于信道估计的导引设计及发射方法存在一定困难。针对这一问题,该文提出一种无需信道估计的分布式MIMO差分编码及检测方法:发送端将发射矩阵进行相位差分调制后发射,接收端利用前后接收量判断相位信息恢复出发送端数据信息。该方法频谱效率与V-BLAST相同,适用于任意发射天线数和接收天线数,且不要求接收天线数大于发射天线数。仿真结果表明,在不同信道传播时延情况下,误码率性能不同。     

V-BLAST光MIMO系统检测算法分析

为了降低系统光多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的复杂度,提高系统的性能,介绍了迫零(ZF)检测算法、最小均方误差(MMSE)检测算法、最大似然(ML)检测算法在垂直分层空时编码(V-BLAST)光MIMO空时系统中的应用。从理论上对算法性能和复杂度进行研究,然后在MATLAB建立仿真模型,对多模光纤的传输函数进行仿真,结果表明在多模光纤链路中,ZF算法性能较低;MMSE算法较ZF算法有所改进;ML算法通过比较接收符号和原发送的符号之间的相似度,从而获得原符号的最小差错概率,其性能最好。     

一种简单的高速率线性弥散码

多输入多输出系统要求尽可能得到简单而有效的高速率空时传输方案,以实时处理大的数据流量.V-BLAST码有好的性能,简单的编码和解码,但是要求接收天线数不少于发射天线数,这在实际应用中受到了限制.我们提出的此种高速率编码方案可以适用任意的发射天线数和任意的接收天线数,发射信号是原数据子流在空间和时间上的线性组合,通过最大化发射信号与接收信号间的互信息准则来设计.由于这种线性结构,解码仍可用V-BLAST的译码方式.     

天线分集技术

在无线通信中,受多径干扰的影响,传输信号有较大的失真。采用空间分集技术,通过使用多发送天线和多接收天线系统(MIMO系统),可以从一定程度上保证传输信号的质量。空时编码技术从编码的角度,为空间分集技术提供了发送信号的策略。     

MIMO系统中的空时编码技术

下一代移动通信系统必须具有更高的传输速率和更好的传输性能,多输入多输出(MIMO)天线技术能够极大提高系统的信道容量从而满足要求.为了提高频率利用率和传输可靠性需要研究MIMO系统中的空时编码技术,文章介绍了目前主要的空时编码技术:空时格状编码和空时分组编码技术,同时指出MIMO系统在天线相关性、接收端复杂性、与单天线系统整合等方面仍存在问题.     

MIMO系统中空时分组编码的信道容量

在多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中，建立空时分组编码模型，在分析瑞利衰落下正交空时分组码接收信噪比的基础上，得到了正交空时分组编码信遗容量的表达式，并采用数值计算的方法对其进行分析论述，得出在接收天线数一定的情况下，增加发送天线数所能得到的信道容量的上界。同时，分析证明，在发送天线数一定时，正交空时分组编码信道容量随接收天线数的增加而增加。在接收天线数一定时，信遗容量也随着发送天线数的增加而增加，但当发送天线数增加到一定数量时容量的增加就变得不十分明显。     

基于垂直分层空时编码的自由空间光通信

垂直分层空时编码(V-BLAST)是一种将空间复用和空间分集相结合的技术,它具有极高的频谱利用效率和传输速率,因此将垂直分层空时编码技术应用于自由空间光通信。在研究了大气信道的特性之后,提出了一种基于垂直分层空时编码的自由空间光通信系统的信道模型。介绍了垂直分层空时编码的编码原理,并分析了该系统的信道容量。利用仿真实验比较了采用垂直分层空时编码前后系统信道容量及误码性能的变化。结果表明,当接收天线数大于或等于发送天线数时,系统的信道容量与发送天线数成正比例增长,误码性能被有效改善。说明该系统具有垂直分层空时编码所提供的信道容量和良好的误码性能,且能有效克服大气湍流所产生的闪烁效应。     

基于APSK信号的分布式MIMO差分检测方法

提出一种基于APSK信号的分布式MIMO差分编码及检测方法:发送端将待发射的数据符号与前一个发射矩阵中的数据符号进行相位和幅度差分调制,生成新的发射矩阵进行发射;接收端对接收信号匹配滤波之后,利用前后接收量判断相位信息和幅度信息恢复出发送端数据.该方法使得系统无需进行信道估计,频谱效率与V-BLAST (Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time)相同,但不受天线数目限制,解决了传统V-BLAST算法无法进行非相干检测的难题.仿真结果显示,该算法在不同信道传播时延情况下的误码率性能不同.     

几种四发天线空时分组编码技术研究

空时编码技术是一种将空域和时域相结合的新的编码和信号处理技术。它能较好地利用由多发射多接收天线构成的MIMO(多输入多输出)系统所提供的传输分集度和自由度,可在不增加带宽和发送功率的情况下提高信息传输速率,改善信息传输性能,得到了移动通信领域的广泛研究和运用。     

Interference Mitigation in MIMO Systems by Subset Antenna Transmission

This paper investigates subset antenna transmission (SAT) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in the presence of strong dominant co-channel interferer. The capacity gain from SAT is investigated in the context of optimal antenna subset selection and power allocation. The SAT does not require channel state information of the co-channel interference, and achieves capacity gains by distributing the transmit power equally over a selected subset of the transmit antennas. The capacity gain of the SAT method is analyzed in terms of transmit power and eigenvalues of channel matrix, and its performance in V-BLAST MIMO systems with various signal constellations is evaluated by computer simulation.     

User Selection Criteria for Uplink Spatial Multiplexing MIMO Systems

We study in this paper multiuser uplink scheduling algorithms for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, where the multiusers compete for the MIMO Channel and the scheduler selects one user at a time based on a certain criterion. Then the selected user spatially multiplexes his data over the transmit antennas. This spatial multiplexing (SM) scheme provides high data rates while the multiuser diversity obtained from scheduling improves the performance of the uplink system. At the receiver, the Vertical-Bell-Labs LAyered Space Time architecture (V-BLAST) is used to detect the information layers. The main contribution of this paper is proposing and comparing the performance of several scheduling criteria for MIMO uplink scheduling. In addition, novel V-BLAST capacity bounds based on random matrix theory is presented. Furthermore, we investigate suboptimal schedulers and compare their performance. The main results of this study show that the scheduler that maximizes the optimal MIMO capacity doesn’t work well for a V-BLAST system. Instead, the optimal scheduler that maximizes the V-BLAST capacity is derived and analyzed. In addition, we look into scheduling for SM with sphere decoding and we find that in this case, using MIMO capacity as the scheduling criterion performs the best.     

Interference Cancellation with Space Diversity for Downlink MC-CDMA Systems

Modern wireless communications require an efficient spectrum usage and high channel capacity and throughput. Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), Linear equalizers, multi-user detection and multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) are possible solutions to achieve spectral efficiency, high channel capacity, eliminate multiple access interference (MAI), eliminate Inter symbol interference (ISI) and robustness against frequency selective fading. In this paper, we combine all these techniques and investigate BER performance. We propose a low complexity receiver structure for Single-input Multiple-output (SIMO) downlink MC-CDMA systems. It employs an interference cancellation scheme to suppress the interference caused by the multipath fading channel. Also, the proposed scheme is developed for MIMO MC-CDMA system. The performance analysis of Downlink MIMO MC-CDMA systems with V-BLAST over frequency selective fading channel is investigated under various number of transmit and receive antennas. The simulation results show proposed SIMO equalization with parallel interference cancellation scheme is effective in reducing the ISI and the MAI. It improves the performance significantly and the simulation results show that MIMO MC-CDMA with V-BLAST multi-user detection provides high data rate and the BER significant improvement.     

A Low-Complexity Detector for Large MIMO Systems and Multicarrier CDMA Systems

We consider large MIMO systems, where by 'large' we mean number of transmit and receive antennas of the order of tens to hundreds. Such large MIMO systems will be of immense interest because of the very high spectral efficiencies possible in such systems. We present a low-complexity detector which achieves uncoded near-exponential diversity performance for hundreds of antennas (i.e., achieves near SISO AWGN performance in a large MIMO fading environment) with an average per-bit complexity of just O(N_tN_r), where N_t and N_r denote the number of transmit and receive antennas, respectively. With an outer turbo code, the proposed detector achieves good coded bit error performance as well. For example, in a 600 transmit and 600 receive antennas V-BLAST system with a high spectral efficiency of 450 bps/Hz (using BPSK and rate-3/4 turbo code), our simulation results show that the proposed detector performs to within about 7 dB from capacity. This practical feasibility of the proposed high-performance, low-complexity detector could potentially trigger wide interest in the theory and implementation of large MIMO systems. We also illustrate the applicability of the proposed detector in the low-complexity detection of high-rate, non-orthogonal space-time block codes and large multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) systems. In large MC-CDMA systems with hundreds of users, the proposed detector is shown to achieve near single-user performance at an average per-bit complexity linear in number of users, which is quite appealing for its use in practical CDMA systems.     

V-BLAST系统中采用发射功率分配的MMSE迭代软干扰抵消算法

作为一种软输入软输出的MIMO检测算法,MMSE迭代软干扰抵消算法在MIMO Turbo接收机中得到广泛的关注。为了进一步改善系统性能,采用链路自适应方案是很好的选择。该文给出变发射功率的MMSE迭代软干扰抵消算法,并采用了一种有效的发射功率分配方案,只需要很少的控制信令,就可以获得较大的误码率性能改善。通过没有信道编译码的链路仿真,在4发4收QPSK调制的V-BLAST系统中,如果误码率要求为BER=10-3,MMSE迭代软干扰抵消检测算法迭代次数为2时,采用推荐的发射功率分配方案比不采用发射功率分配方案的系统性能提高了约2dB,如果调制方式为16QAM,系统性能提高了约6dB。     

线型小区中V-BLAST两根分布发射天线的位置优化

在分布式发射天线多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中,不同的发射天线位置将影响系统的性能。针对这一问题,该文在考虑了传播时延、路径损耗、阴影衰落、小尺度衰落和高斯白噪声的基础上研究了V-BLAST两根分布式发射天线在线型小区的平均误码率(AABER)。理论分析表明存在一个关于小区中心对称的位置使得AABER性能最优,这一位置可以通过数值计算的方法得到。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Approaching MIMO-OFDM Capacity with Per-Antenna Power and Rate Feedback

This paper presents power-efficient transmission schemes for the multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) block-fading channel under the assumption that the channel during each fading block is known perfectly at the receiver, but is unavailable at the transmitter. Based on the well-known vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) architecture that employs independent encoding for each transmit antenna and successive decoding at the receiver, this paper presents a per-antenna-based power and rate feedback scheme, termed the "closed-loop" V- BLAST, for which the receiver jointly optimizes the power and rate assignments for all transmit antennas, and then returns them to the transmitter via a low-rate feedback channel. The power and rate optimization minimizes the total transmit power for support of an aggregate transmission rate during each fading block. Convex optimization techniques are used to design efficient algorithms for optimal power and rate allocation. The proposed algorithms are also modified to incorporate practical system constraints on feedback complexity and on modulation and coding. Furthermore, this paper shows that the per-antenna-based power and rate control can be readily modified to combine with the conventional linear MIMO transmit preceding technique as an efficient and capacity-approaching partial-channel-feedback scheme. Simulation results show that the closed-loop V-BLAST is able to approach closely the MIMO-OFDM channel capacity assuming availability of perfect channel knowledge at both the transmitter and the receiver.     

Space–Time/Space–Frequency/Space–Time–Frequency Block Coded MIMO-OFDM System with Equalizers in Quasi Static Mobile Radio Channels Using Higher Tap Order

In 4G broadband wireless communications, multiple transmit and receive antennas are used to form multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels to increase the capacity (by a factor of the minimum number of transmit and receive antennas) and data rate. In this paper, the combination of MIMO technology and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is analyzed for wideband transmission which mitigates the intersymbol interference and hence enhances system capacity. In MIMO-OFDM systems, the coding is done over space, time, and frequency domains to provide reliable and robust transmission in harsh wireless environment. Also, the performance of space time frequency (STF) coded MIMO-OFDM is analyzed with space time and space frequency coding as special cases. The maximum achievable diversity of STF coded MIMO-OFDM is analyzed and bit error rate performance improvement is verified by simulation results. Simulations are carried out in harsh wireless environment, whose effect is mitigated by using higher tap order channels. The complexity is resolved by employing sphere decoder at the receiver.     

Performance analysis for MIMO systems with lattice-reduction aided linear equalization

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems equipped with multiple antennas have well documented merits in combating fading and enhancing data rates. MIMO V-BLAST transmission is a widely adopted method to achieve high spectral efficiency and low-complexity implementation. When the maximum likelihood (ML) or near-ML detector is employed, receive diversity is collected for MIMO V-BLAST systems to enhance the performance. However, because of its exponential complexity, ML detector may be infeasible for practical systems when the number of antennas and/or the constellation size is large. On the other hand, linear equalizers have much lower complexity but come with inferior performance. In this paper, we analytically quantify the diversity order of linear detectors for MIMO V-BLAST systems. Then, we adopt low-complexity complex lattice-reduction (LR) aided linear equalizers for V-BLAST systems to improve the performance and prove that LR-aided linear equalizers collect the same diversity order as that exploited by the ML detector but with much lower complexity. Relative to the existing real LR-aided equalizers, we illustrate that the complex LR further reduces the complexity while keeping the same performance. Simulation results corroborate our theoretical claims.     

New transmit schemes and simplified receivers for MIMO wireless communication systems

In this paper, optimized transmit schemes for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with simplified receivers are proposed for the downlink of high-speed wireless communication systems. In these systems, MIMO signal preprocessing is performed at the transmitter or base station with the receiver at the mobile station having a simplified structure that requires only limited signal processing. An important potential application for our transmit MIMO techniques is in the downlink of high-speed wireless communication systems with Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) or a similar technique utilized in the uplink, creating a high-speed duplex system with a simplified mobile station transceiver structure. Two approaches are introduced and these depend on whether or not receive diversity is employed at the receiver. Both methods require that channel state information be available at the transmitter. In addition, some important associated issues such as peak-to-average power ratio requirements at the transmitter and robustness to downlink channel errors are also investigated and various solutions are proposed. Simulation results are provided and these show that performance improvement can be achieved when compared with other MIMO transmit schemes.