利用多普勒的运动单站直接定位算法

针对利用运动单站接收辐射源信号进行目标定位过程中,传统两步定位算法测量参数时会产生信息损失,从而导致估计精度不够理想的问题,提出了一种联合多普勒的运动单站直接定位算法。该算法通过构造代价函数,得到包含辐射源位置信息的共轭矩阵,然后分别针对未知信号和已知信号通过特征值分解求取共轭矩阵的最大特征值,最后进行二维格网型空间索引得到辐射源的位置估计。同时,本文还推导了相应的克拉美罗下界(CRLB),并分析了多普勒测量存在误差下算法的定位性能以及算法的运算量。通过理论分析和仿真实验可以表明,所提出的运动单站直接定位算法对目标位置估计误差能够逼近CRLB,且与两步定位算法相比,具有更好的定位精度。      

对运动辐射源的被动定位与跟踪

本文探讨了在有源干扰环境下利用多个测量站对运动辐射源进行被动定位与跟踪的方法。该无源被动定位系统采用了加权最小二乘法来估计目标位置并用卡尔曼滤波器对目标进行跟踪与预测。计算机仿真结果表明,该系统可对运动辐射源定位,定位精度主要由测量站数目、布局及其测量精度和目标航迹所确定。     

基于合成孔径阵列的雷达辐射源被动定位技术研究

本文引入被动合成孔径天线阵列新概念,将不同时间位于不同飞行位置的同一接收机视为合成孔径天线阵元,充分利用小型飞行器的空间运动特性及雷达脉冲信号的周期旋转特性,给出雷达辐射源信号虚拟到达时间差精确估计方法,并给出基于虚拟到达时间差的雷达辐射源被动定位方程构建方法及闭式求解算法,以实现雷达辐射源的快速可靠定位.计算机仿真验证了所提算法性能,并证明本文算法针对搜索警戒雷达等脉冲规律稳定的雷达辐射源具有较高的定位实用价值.     

一种基于"当前"统计模型的机动辐射源单站无源定位方法

针对采用非线性较强的脉冲到达时间差、观测角等参数的固定单站对机动运动辐射源无源定位跟踪系统,提出了一种用"当前"统计模型对角速度建模,利用UKF滤波进行滤波,跟踪机动辐射源的定位方法.同时对非线性定位系统的可观测性进行了分析,得到了与辐射源作匀速运动相同的可观测条件.仿真结果表明,本文提出算法对固定单站在角速度变化的机动运动无源定位中跟踪效果更佳.     

固定单站对运动辐射源的无源定位

固定单站对运动辐射源的无源定位是电子战领域的一个新课题。传统方法主要是利用到达方位角(DOA)信息对辐射源进行测向交叉定位,但由于该方法对测角精度的敏感性,仅利用DOA信息会导致定位精度低、算法收敛时间长等不良后果;文章详细分析了三维运动辐射源的特点,建立了一个数学模型,并结合方位角变化率采用基于MGEKF的定位算法,进行单站定位,这种算法提高了对运动辐射源目标的定位精度。     

估计目标速度矢量对运动辐射源的 固定单站无源定位算法

针对无源定位必须实现快速和稳定定位跟踪的要求,本文提出了一种测量目标辐射源脉冲到达时间(TOA)、到达方向(DOA),以及方位角变化率,实现固定单站对三维运动辐射源的无源定位算法.该算法基于运动学原理,充分利用了辐射源信号测量值的时空变化量信息,定位收敛速度快而且非常稳定,具有很强的实用性.文章最后给出了计算机仿真结果.     

一种基于空域和频域信息的固定单站无源定位跟踪改进算法

针对无源定位必须实现快速和稳定定位跟踪的要求,本文基于辐射源信号的空域和频域信息,提出了一种对运动辐射源的固定单站无源定位跟踪改进算法。文中首先利用辐射源信号的空域和频域变化量信息,通过伪线性卡尔曼滤波算法估计出目标的速度矢量;然后利用速度矢量的估计值直接获得目标位置矢量的估计,并将其作为标准卡尔曼滤波算法的观测值进行滤波;最后通过计算机仿真验证了该方法具有较高的定位精度和较快的收敛速度。     

频率、二维到达角和极化联合估计

在宽频段内多信号多参量联合估计已成为许多研究课题,例如,。未知辐射源识别,有效对消等等的重要研究内容,信号频率与二维到达角、二维到达角与极化的联合估计已开展研究,但信号频率二维到达角和极化联合估计的研究尚未见报导,本文提出了利用交叉偶极子平面阵和ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法实现频率、二维到达角和极化联合估计的新方法,分析了算法结构,计算机模拟结果证实了算法的有效性。     

加权最小二乘法和MUSIC法联合测向技术研究

针对传统相位干涉仪测向法精度不高和MUSIC算法空间谱峰搜索耗时长的问题,提出了一种基于加权最小二乘法和MUSIC算法相结合的均匀圆阵测向技术。首先根据阵列短基线组求解相位模糊,并通过引入中间变量将相位差测量方程转化为线性方程组,然后运用加权最小二乘法对其进行求解,并利用信号到达角与中间变量的关系得到信号到达角初始估计,最后MUSIC算法依据信号到达角初始估计进行空间谱峰搜索,得到高精度信号到达角估计。仿真实验对比了所提方法与现有相位干涉仪及MUSIC算法的角度估计精度和耗时,证实了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于互Wigner-Ville分布的到达角估计

研究了对线性调频信号的到达角估计;提出了基于互Wigner-Ville分布(XWVD)估计信号到达角的方法.通过时频分布,在时频面上进行信号预分选;根据XWVD时频脊点上的相位获得信号时延,从而获得信号到达角.该算法可实现多信号分辨,也可实现对时变频率信号的到达角估计.计算机仿真结果证实了该算法的有效性.     

基于特征值和灰度关联的双机关联定位

针对双机协同对多目标进行定位跟踪的应用背景,研究了不同侦察平台、不同侦察传感器测向数据的关联和定位问题,提出了一种双机实时关联定位方法。该方法利用各类传感器的关联特征要素建立双机同类型传感器的数据关联模型,利用B 型灰色关联度的纯方位关联算法建立同机不同类型传感器的关联矩阵,结合目标身份信息进行测向结果关联,对关联上的测向结果进行提纯、滤波和交叉定位,最后得到目标定位结果。仿真试验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

Target localization and tracking in noisy binary sensor networks with known spatial topology

Target localization and tracking are two of the critical tasks of sensor networks in many applications. Conventional localization and tracking techniques developed for wireless systems that rely on direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) or time‐of‐arrival (TOA) information are not suitable for low‐power sensors with limited computation and communication capabilities. In this paper, we propose a low‐complexity and energy‐efficient method for target localization and tracking in noisy binary sensor networks, where the sensors can only perform binary detection, and the physical links are characterized by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. The proposed method is based on known spatial topology. An efficient wake‐up strategy is used to activate a particular group of sensors for cooperative localization and tracking. We analyze the localization error probability and tracking miss probability in the presence of prediction errors. Simulation results validate the theoretic analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DS/CDMA系统上行链路一种稳健的阵列接收方法

W G.Hou等对DS/CDMA移动通信系统上行链路提出了通过估计空间到达角（DOA）而进行波束形成的空间滤波方法,本文首先对该方法进行了从对移动台的初始DOA定位到跟踪的大量改进,使该方法对期望用户的跟踪和对干扰用户进行空域抑制更为准确和有效。然后将算法与导频位辅助LMS-DRMTA算法进行了比较,该方法比导频位辅助LMS-DRMTA算法具有更小的运算量,更好的稳定性,当扇区激活用户数较大时,该方法还具有更低的误码率（BER）,该阵列接收法更适合大容量的移动通信系统。     

基于TOA和DOA的固定单站无源雷达跟踪方法

单个固定观测站在被动条件下接收运动辐射源信号的到达时间(TOA)和角度(DOA)实现对其跟踪定位,由于其系统隐蔽性好、布站机动灵活受到广泛关注。针对以往利用TOA差分和DOA跟踪定位稳定性和精确度较差的情况,提出一种在辐射源已知的固定重复周期条件下对TOA取模,再结合DOA信息实现对辐射源的扩展卡尔曼定位跟踪滤波方法。仿真表明,该方法可以达到克拉美-罗下限(CRLB),具有高的定位成功概率。     

基于外辐射源雷达系统的目标定位算法

基于外辐射源的单站无源定位系统实际相当于收发分置的双基雷达,具有反侦察、抗干扰、反隐身和防反辐射导弹等潜在优势,因此利用外辐射源信号对目标进行无源定位和跟踪是目前国际上比较热门的一个研究课题。提出了一种基于外辐射源的单站无源定位系统的目标定位算法,借助信号到达的时间差和方位信息,对空中目标进行定位,并进行算法的推导、精度的分析,通过仿真验证了此定位算法的有效性。     

A probabilistic‐based approach for direction‐of‐arrival estimation and localization of multiple sources

This article contributes to science at two points. The first contribution is at a point of introducing a novel direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation method which based on subspaces methods called Probabilistic Estimation of Several Signals (PRESS). The PRESS method provides higher resolution and DOA accuracy than current models. Second contribution of the article is at a point of localizing the unknown signal source. The process of localization achieved by using DOA information for the first time. The importance of localization exists in a large area of engineering applications. The aim is to determine the location of multiple sources by using PRESS with minimum effort of computation. We used the maximum probabilistic process in this study. Initially, all the signals are collected by the array of sensors and accurately identified using the proposed algorithm. The receiver at the best in test estimates the source location using only the knowledge of the geographical latitude and longitude values of the array of sensors. Several test points with an accurately calculated angle of arrival enable us to draw linear lines towards the transmitter. The transmitter location can be accurately identified with the line of interceptions. Simulation and numerical results show the outstanding performance of both the DOA estimation method and transmitter localization approach compared with many classical and new DOA estimation methods. The PRESS localization method first tested at 19°, 26°, and 35° with an signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) value of ‐5 dB. The PRESS method produced results with an extremely low bias of 0 and 0.00080°. The simulation tests are repeated and produced results with zero bias, which give the exact location of the unknown source.     

基于相控阵单通道接收机高分辨DOA估计的跟踪算法

本文提出一种基于相控阵单通道接收机系统的波达方向(DOA)高分辨跟踪算法。这种跟踪算法是用特定权实现单通道接收机高分辨测向的进一步完善。在信号源不相关的情况下,通过对权矢量的循环使用和功率信号的更新处理,实现对DOA时变信号源的跟踪。计算机模拟结果表明该方法具有良好的效果。     

DOA Tracking for Coherently Distributed Sources with Particle Filter

In this work, an efficient direction of arrival (DOA) tracking method for coherently distributed sources is proposed. The central DOA and angle spread are estimated by the proposed method with a particle filter at each snapshot. The spectrum calculated by the distributed source parameter estimator (DSPE) is used as a pseudo-likelihood function for particle updating, which enables the particle filter to process sensor signals directly without estimating the source amplitude. The proposed method is compared with the total least square estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance technique and the fast implementation of a power iteration subspace updating (FAPI-TLS-ESPRIT). The proposed method is verified by Monte Carlo simulations, and simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve an excellent DOA tracking performance and outperforms the FAPI-TLS-ESPRIT method. In addition, the proposed method can simultaneously estimate the central DOA and angle spread.

     

Multiple Emitters Localization by UAV with Nested Linear Array: System Scheme and 2D-DOA Estimation Algorithm

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)equipped with uniform linear array has been applied to multiple emitters localization.Meanwhile,nested linear array enables to enhance localization resolution and achieve under-determined Direction of Arrival(DOA)estimation.In this paper,we propose a new system structure for emitters localization that combines the UAV with nested linear array,which is capable of significantly increasing the positioning accuracy of interested targets.Specifically,a localization scheme is designed to obtain the paired two-dimensional DOA(2D-DOA,i.e.azimuth and elevation angles)estimates of emitters by nested linear array with UAV.Furthermore,we propose an improved DOA estimation algorithm for emitters localization that utilizes Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT)method to obtain coarse DOA estimates,subsequently,achieve the fine DOA estimates by sparse representation.The proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity because the coarse DOA estimates enable to shrink the range of over-complete dictionary of sparse representation.In addition,compared to traditional uniform linear array,improved 2D-DOA estimation performance of emitters can be obtained with a nested linear array.Extensive simulation results testify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

一种基于粒子滤波的动目标方位跟踪与波束形成算法

针对动目标方位随时间变化的情况,根据阵列信号处理模型,建立了状态跟踪方程,并在此基础上,运用粒子滤波方法,对目标方位进行实时动态跟踪,有效解决了传统DOA估计方法不能解决的时变DOA估计问题。在获得目标方位的同时,该方法还可以进行动态波束形成,实现DOA跟踪与信号接收一体化。仿真实验证明了算法的有效性。