电子表格模型在半导体晶圆制造产能规划中的应用

半导体晶圆厂的设备非常昂贵,对设备利用率的要求较高,设计一套简单实用的办法进行产能规划是十分必要的.本文提出了产能规划的三大模块,在前两个模块中将建立半导体晶圆制造产能规划的电子表格模型(Spreadsheet),在第三个模块中利用产能规划模型的数据结果进行分析,总结出一些改进方法.通过在某半导体晶圆厂的实际应用,该产能规划模型有效地解决了投料不均,设备负荷率波动过大等问题.     

成像卫星任务规划系统分析与设计

针对成像卫星任务规划的操作指令自动生成问题,深入分析了成像卫星任务规划系统的特点,在基于PDDL的任务规划问题求解结构的基础上,提出了一种基于PDDL的成像卫星任务规划系统结构.该系统结构采用模块化的设计,具有良好的灵活性和通用性,能够实现系统动态的任务重规划.     

半导体晶圆制造车间层控制的内容及方法

半导体晶圆制造企业是资本密集、技术密集型产业,晶圆制造厂也是公认生产最为复杂的工厂之一。产品更新换代快、市场竞争激烈等特点使得投资者对设备产能和设备利用率高度重视。这已不仅仅是技术问题,而是生产制造过程管理的问题。本文介绍了半导体晶圆制造车间层控制的内容及方法。     

依赖公理约简的经典规划方法

 基于可满足性的规划方法通过将经典规划问题转换为一系列可满足性问题进行求解.几乎所有基于可满足性的规划编码都存在着大量的重叠公理和冗余公理,直接决定了编码理论的编码大小与求解难度.通过分析基于Graphplan的编码方式,分别提出了重叠公理的判定策略和冗余公理的删除策略.在SATPLAN2006规划系统中实现相应的编码方式并与原系统进行比较,实验结果表明:该约简方法能够在不降低规划性能的前提下有效地压缩转换理论的编码大小.通过分析基于状态的编码方式,提出了重叠公理的判定策略.重叠公理与冗余公理的约简容易实现,且并未改变知识库的结构模式,为进一步提高规划系统处理更大规模问题的能力提供了可能.     

数字财富

全球六成以上半导体产能位于地震活动带据市场研究机构IC Insights的统计,全球半导体制造产能将近有三分之二是位于地震活动带,包括超过九成以上的晶圆代工厂产能;该机构的报告指出,自早期芯片生产活动集中在美国硅谷以来,半导体产业的制造产能就一直有很大部分是位于地震活动区域,看来随着时间过去,IC制造商与其客户也部接受了这样的现实。     

半导体制造中的先进生产计划方法

半导体制造业中产品种类繁多，工序复杂，对设备的利用率要求较高，因而相对于其它制造也来说，生产计划的优化也较为复杂。本文讨论了目前半导体行业中常用的启发算法和基于线性规划的优化方法。     

半导体生产规划中的优化决策方法:线性规划

半导体制造是一个流程高度复杂,资金高度密集的加工过程,相对于其它制造业来说,其产品种类繁多,工序复杂,对设备的利用率要求较高,因而生产优化也较为复杂.本文利用线性规划(linear programming,LP),对半导体制造的封装和测试过程进行数学建模,并构建一套决策支持系统.与电子表格手工计算相比,该系统大大缩短了生产计划响应时间,并提高了瓶颈设备利用率.     

基于Plant Simulation的半导体机台配置优化仿真分析

半导体制造工厂的机台数量配置对产线的生产效率具有重要影响，然而传统机台配置方法不能将时间维度和复杂派工策略统筹考虑，难以量化评估机台配置对产能的影响，容易出现投资浪费、产能不足、空间布局不合理等问题。在Plant Simulation仿真软件中建立半导体制造执行系统(MES)实时派工机制，模拟工厂的真实运行状态，同时提出了一种机台配置的优化算法。将此方法用于某半导体工厂的设备配置，有效提升了产能及设备利用率，为半导体及其他行业的机台配置提供借鉴和参考。     

宏力半导体强调差异化代工服务

宏力半导体制造有限公司（Grace）日前在上海举办了自2003年投产以来首次技术论坛。宏力半导体首席执行官UlrichSchumacher向来自上海、北京、深圳及长三角地区的宏力半导体客户宣布,宏力半导体今年Q3将实现公司投产以来的首次赢利,Schumacher表示,提供差异化的代工服务是宏力半导体发展策略、技术及产能未来规划的着力点。     

启发式动态任务调度与航路规划方法

针对任务、资源、航路的调度与规划需要,建立了一种分层递阶的任务规划系统结构,上层主要解决任务优先级和冲突消解问题;下层主要解决满足各种要求的航路规划与实时重规划问题。提出了启发式动态任务调度与航路实时规划算法,可以有效提高对各种突发事件的态势自适应和冲突消解能力以及对时敏目标的打击能力,进而提高无人机在动态不确定环境下的自主性。     

A production planning methodology for semiconductor manufacturingbased on iterative simulation and linear programming calculations

We introduce a methodology for automated production planning of semiconductor manufacturing based on iterative linear programming (LP) optimization and discrete-event simulation calculations. The LP formulation incorporates epoch dependent parameters for flow times from lot release up to each operation on each manufacturing route. LP-derived release schedules are used as input to the simulation model, from which statistics on flow times are collected and used to reformulate the LP model for a revised planning calculation. Iteration continues until satisfactory agreement between simulation and LP models is obtained. We demonstrate in experiments on an industry data set that a relatively small number of iterations is required to develop a production plan correctly characterizing future flow times as a function of factory load and product mix. The methodology makes possible automated production planning of semiconductor manufacturing on an engineering work station     

Framing pyramids

Burt and Adelson (1983) introduced the Laplacian pyramid (LP) as a multiresolution representation for images. We study the LP using the frame theory, and this reveals that the usual reconstruction is suboptimal. We show that the LP with orthogonal filters is a tight frame, and thus, the optimal linear reconstruction using the dual frame operator has a simple structure that is symmetric with the forward transform. In more general cases, we propose an efficient filterbank (FB) for the reconstruction of the LP using projection that leads to a proved improvement over the usual method in the presence of noise. Setting up the LP as an oversampled FB, we offer a complete parameterization of all synthesis FBs that provide perfect reconstruction for the LP. Finally, we consider the situation where the LP scheme is iterated and derive the continuous-domain frames associated with the LP.     

金属板料激光喷丸与机械喷丸强化的应力场数值研究

在分析激光喷丸和机械喷丸强化机理的基础上，以有限元软件ABAQUS/CAE为平台，建立了激光喷丸强化模型和机械喷丸强化的有限元模型。解决了激光喷丸强化中激光冲击波转换加载的方法;对于机械喷丸强化，解决了弹丸与板料间的装配模型。数值模拟分析了激光单点喷丸板料后，材料厚度方向的残余应力分布，以及激光多点。多排喷丸板料后材料厚度方向的残余应力分布。对于机械喷丸强化，分析了单个弹丸高速撞击板料和多个受控弹丸撞击板料后残余应力分布场情况。通过分析比较这两种方法在板料中产生的残余应力大小、残余应力深度以及表面形貌的优劣，得到的结论是，激光喷丸强化提高材料使用寿命的效果明显优于传统的机械喷丸强化技术，激光喷丸有望替代传统机械喷丸技术在材料表面改性强化中获得广泛应用。     

Streak camera study of ultrashort pulse propagation in a weakly multimode optical fibre

A mode-locked dye laser in conjunction with a synchronously operating streak camera has been used to study ultrashort light pulse propagation in a weakly multimode optical fibre. Measurements of the intermodal temporal dispersion allowed the effective core radius a, the refractive index difference ? and the cutoff wavelengths of the LP21 and LP11 mode groups to be determined. The LP21 cutoff wavelength was experimentally verified and the temporal dispersion of the LP01 and LP11 mode groups investigated as a function of the fibre length.     

光纤激光器高阶模式对相干合成特性影响分析

为了分析光纤激光器中高阶模式对相干合成的影响,采用将光纤激光器的基模以及高阶模式近似表示为拉盖尔-高斯光束的线性叠加的方法,利用拉盖尔-高斯光束的传输特性,得到了当光纤激光器的输出光束包含高阶模式时,激光器阵列相干合成的远场光强分布模型。同时以光纤激光器中输出混合模式为LP01和 LP11以及输出混合模式为LP01和LP02两种情况为例,分析了存在高阶模式的远场相干条纹的峰值功率和条纹对比度。结果表明,当光纤激光器中高阶模式为 LP11模时,远场相干条纹的峰值能量随着LP11模的增加线性下降;当光纤激光器中高阶模式为LP02模时,远场相干条纹的条纹对比度随着 LP02模的增加线性下降。     

一种基于三芯光纤的模式复用器/解复用器的设计

提出了一种基于三芯光纤的模式复用器/解复用器,三个纤芯包括两个相同的单模纤芯和一个少模纤芯,在少模纤芯中写入长周期光纤光栅以实现单模纤芯中LP01模与少模纤芯中LP11模间的转换。同时从两个单模纤芯输入LP01模,能激发少模纤芯中两个简并的LP11,a模和LP11,b模。采用光束传播法分析了该模式复用器/解复用器的耦合特性及串扰。数值模拟结果显示,若以少模纤芯中LP11模输出能量大于-1dB的波长范围作为该模式复用器/解复用器的工作带宽,则能够达到23nm,并且少模纤芯中生成的其他模式的输出能量皆比LP11模的输出能量小-21dB以上。该模式复用器/解复用器能够实现对少模光纤的模式复用与解复用,并具有极低的串扰。     

Adaptive Methods for Linear Programming Decoding

Detectability of failures of linear programming (LP) decoding and the potential for improvement by adding new constraints motivate the use of an adaptive approach in selecting the constraints for the underlying LP problem. In this paper, we make a first step in studying this method, and show that by starting from a simple LP problem and adaptively adding the necessary constraints, the complexity of LP decoding can be significantly reduced. In particular, we observe that with adaptive LP decoding, the sizes of the LP problems that need to be solved become practically independent of the density of the parity-check matrix. We further show that adaptively adding extra constraints, such as constraints based on redundant parity checks, can provide large gains in the performance.      

Estimating the Traffic Distribution Matrix of a Packet-Switched Network Using Aggregate Traffic Measurements

Methods are developed to estimate the source–destination traffic distribution matrix of a packet network using only aggregate link and source/sink traffic measurements. The methods are useful for network planning and monitoring of large packet networks, where it is impractical to gather measurement data on every end-to-end traffic flow. The first method assumes that the distribution matrix is time-invariant. This method is of theoretical interest but provides the foundation for developing a method for the realistic case of a time-varying matrix. The second method assumes that the matrix is time-varying. It uses linear programming (LP) to find a distribution matrix that optimally fits the measurement data. A practical problem with the first two methods is that the computational requirements increase as the square of the number of network nodes. The third method is a fast exact decomposition procedure for the time-invariant case that scales with the network size. The maximum number of unknowns that needs to be solved simultaneously is equal to the number of network nodes. The final method is a fast decomposition procedure for the time-varying case. This procedure scales with the network size. It uses LP to find an approximate distribution matrix that optimally fits the measurement data. The methods are applied to simulated example networks to illustrate the accuracy and speed.     

基于超高斯激励的噪声顽健语音线性预测分析算法

针对传统的语音信号线性预测分析算法在噪声环境下性能恶化的问题,提出了一种新的基于超高斯激励的噪声顽健线性预测算法。该算法采用具有超高斯特性的学生t分布对语音信号线性预测激励建模,并显式地考虑环境噪声的影响,从而构建语音信号线性预测分析的概率图模型。在此基础上,利用变分贝叶斯的方法求解模型参数的近似后验分布,进而实现对带噪语音线性预测系数的最优估计。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效提高噪声环境下语音信号线性预测分析的顽健性。     

LP Decoding for Joint Source-Channel Codes and for the Non-Ergodic Polya Channel

Linear programming (LP) decoding of low-density parity-check codes over discrete memoryless symmetric channels was introduced by Feldman et al. in [1]. Here, we extend the LP decoding paradigm by applying it to two additional scenarios: joint source-channel (JSC) coding and decoding over the infinitememory non-ergodic binary Polya-contagion channel. Simulation results indicate that the JSC LP decoder yields significant gains over the standard LP decoder for non-uniform sources. Simulations also show that the LP decoder for the Polya channel performs moderately well in relation to the ϵ-capacity limit.