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1.
Recently, along with the booming of research and production of CMOS Integrated Bio-sensing System, selective assembly of organic
nano-particles on the on-chip electrodes, which serves for specific bio-sensing and detection purposes, is in high demand
in areas like biological analysis and detection, DNA probing and surveying systems and etc. In this paper, a fully integrated
bio-circuit targeting at electrical selective assembly of charged nano-particles is proposed and designed in SMIC 0.18 μm
CMOS mixed signal process. The proposed circuit integrates the 16 pixels of 19 μm × 19 μm electrode array, counter electrode,
potentiostat circuit, digital decoding circuit, as well as control logics on a single chip, and provides a rail-to-rail range
of assembling voltage, a potential resolution of 8 bit, and a maximal assembling current up to 459 μA, biased at a current
of 1 μA. Meanwhile, a novel electrode-reuse scheme is also proposed to further simplify the architecture and save chip area
as well, without degrading the functionalities. Experimental results from on-chip selective assembly of 50 nm polystyrene
nano-particles are included and discussed to verify the feasibility of the proposed circuits. 相似文献
2.
A CMOS current-mode analog multiplier/divider circuit is presented. It is suited to standard CMOS fabrication and can be successfully
employed in a wide range of analog signal processing applications. Measurement results for a 0.5 μm CMOS test chip prototype
verify the approach employed. The circuit consumes 120 μW using a single supply voltage of 1.5 V and requires a silicon area
of 150 × 140 μm. 相似文献
3.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials that exhibit many remarkable electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, which can be exploited in various smart sensing applications by integrating them in standard CMOS processes. However, such integration technique is challenging since CMOS does not tolerate high temperatures required for local CNT synthesis. This work involves designing power efficient CMOS micro-heaters that can generate CNT growth temperature (~ 900 °C) in a post-CMOS CNT fabrication step, while maintaining CMOS compatible temperature (< 300 °C) in the microsystem. One suitable metal interconnect layer and a polysilicon layer available in AMS 0.18 μm CMOS technology have been used to design and simulate the micro-heaters. This paper proposes and compares six different optimal micro-heater designs alongside their thermal and thermomechanical analysis using multiphysics simulation software, ANSYS. Feasibility of implementing the designed micro-heaters in a real chip is discussed based on the analysis. Required CMOS post processing steps for the designed micro-heaters are also discussed. The promising results are expected to lead the way for successful implementation of carbon nanotube based sensors in a commercial CMOS process. 相似文献
4.
This paper surveys recent research on CMOS silicon avalanche photodiodes (SiAPD) and presents the design of a SiAPD based
photoreceiver dedicated to near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) application. Near-infrared spectroscopy provides an inexpensive,
non-invasive, and portable means to image brain function, and is one of the most efficient diagnostic techniques of different
neurological diseases. In NIRS system, brain tissue is penetrated by near-infrared (NIR) radiation and the reflected signal
is captured by a photodiode. Since the reflected NIR signal has very low amplitude, SiAPD is a better choice than regular
photodiode for NIR signal detection due to SiAPD`s ability to amplify the photo generated signal by avalanche multiplication.
Design requirements of using CMOS SiAPDs for NIR light detection are discussed, and the challenges of fabricating SiAPDs using
standard CMOS process are addressed. Performances of state-of-the-art CMOS SiAPDs with different device structures are summarized
and compared. The efficacy of the proposed SiAPD based photoreceiver is confirmed by post layout simulation. Finally, the
SiAPD and its associated circuits has been implemented in one chip using 0.35 μm standard CMOS technology for an integrated
NIRS system. 相似文献
5.
A CMOS transconductor for wide tuning range filter application is presented. The linear transconductor is designed based on
the flipped-voltage follower (FVF) circuit and can work in the weak, moderate, and strong inversion regions to maximize the
transconductance tuning range. The transconductance tuning can be achieved by changing the bias current of the active resistor,
and a ratio of 28 is obtained. The transconductor was evaluated by using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process, and the total harmonic
distortion (THD) of −56 dB can be obtained by giving a 12 MHz 0.4 Vpp input swing signal. In the design, the maximum power
consumption is 2 mW with the transconductance of 1.1 mS under a 1.8 V supply voltage. 相似文献
6.
A new technique for CMOS class-AB output stages is introduced in this Letter. The technique uses a master–slave configuration
of a complementary common-source output stage. It offers the advantage that the quiescent and minimum currents of the output
stage can be independently tuned. The effectiveness of the proposed technique was verified by simulations using a standard
n-well 0.18 μm CMOS process with 1 V supply voltage. A voltage buffer, that includes the proposed output stage, is able to
drive a capacitive load of 0.5 nF obtaining −63 dB total harmonic distortion. The topology features also power efficiency
of about 63% for a pure resistive output load equal to 50 Ω. 相似文献
7.
We introduce the design of a high-speed sample-and-hold circuit (SHC) based on spatial sampling with CMOS transmission lines
(TLs). Signal propagation analysis shows that periodically loaded CMOS TLs exhibit filter properties, which cause attenuation
and deformation of signal pulses. Nevertheless, the dispersion effects on clock pulse propagation are minimal since clock
lines are short, much shorter than the meandered input-signal line. Design considerations on clock pulse generator, sampling
switches, and charge amplifiers are presented. Compared with other CMOS approaches, the proposed SHC generates clock pulses
on chip and avoids clock jitter difficulties. The SHC is implemented in a 0.13 μm digital CMOS process with standard on-chip
coplanar waveguides (CPW) as signal and clock pulse propagation TLs, silicon N-type field effect transistors (NFET) as sampling
switches, and high-frequency charge amplifiers for charge amplification. Clock pulse signals of ~50 ps width with ~17 ps fall
edge are generated on-chip. Simulation analysis with Cadence Spectre shows that a sampling rate of 20 Giga-sample/s with a
25 dB spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) can be achieved. With shorter clock pulses, both sampling rate and SFDR can be improved
in future design. 相似文献
8.
In this paper, the design of two VCOs for wireless multi-standard applications is presented. The oscillation frequencies are
5.2 and 3.3 GHz. These circuits have been produced using CMOS/SOI technology, with body voltage to control power consumption
and phase noise performance. A new architecture for multi-standard applications is proposed. Five standards are covered by
these structures: GSM (900 MHz), GPS (1.5 GHz), DCS (1.8 GHz), Bluetooth (2.45 GHz) and 802.11 a (5.8 GHz). The tuning range
can vary from 2.45 to 5.8 GHz for the first VCO and from 850 MHz to 1.9 GHz for the second by using frequency divider. The
main idea is to use only two MOS varactors to cover the entire frequency span. The first one is needed to get the matched
frequency variation and the second to adjust the oscillation frequency. Such VCOs can be made thanks to CMOS/SOI technology
advantages, high-Q passives and body voltage biasing that allow current change and power dissipation in the VCO core. These
circuits were produced with a view to producing a single VCO covering all these standards. Switched resonators were therefore
studied. At a frequency offset of 100 kHz, the single side band phase noise measurements were −89 and −93 dBc/Hz at 5.2 and
3.6 GHz respectively. 相似文献
9.
We present a comprehensive approach of designing on-chip inductors using a CMOS-compatible technology on a porous silicon substrate. On-chip inductors realized on standard CMOS technology on bulk silicon suffer from mediocre Q-factor values partly because of the loss created by the Si substrate at higher frequencies, in addition to the metal losses. We examine the alternative of using porous Si as a thick layer isolating the Si substrate from the metallization in an otherwise standard CMOS technology. We present theoretical designs produced with full-wave Method-of-Moments simulations, verified by measurements in standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology using Al metallization. When porous Si is introduced in that technology, the same inductor metallization produced Q-factor enhancements of the order of 50%, compared to the same inductor on bulk crystalline silicon. We also produce optimized single-ended inductor designs using Cu on porous Si, in a 0.13 μm-compatible CMOS technology. The resulting Q-factors are enhanced by a factor of 2 and reach values of 30 or more in the 2–3 GHz frequency range. Even higher quality factors can be obtained in this technology when differential designs are used. 相似文献
10.
In CMOS multistage clock buffer design, the duty-cycle of clock is liable to be changed when the clock passes through several buffer stages. The pulse-width may be changed due to unbalance of the p- and n-OS transistors in the long buffer. This paper describes a delay locked loop with double edge synchronization for use in a clock alignment process. Results of its SPICE simulation, that relate to 1.2 μm CMOS technology, shown that the duty-cycle of the multistage output pulses can be precisely adjusted to (50 ± 1)% within the operating frequency range, from 55 MHz up to 166 MHz. 相似文献
11.
A phase frequency detector (PFD) with a very low dead zone is proposed which is based on a configuration adaptable to both CMOS or carbon nano-tube transistors (CNTFETs). In the first step the proposed configuration is designed using CMOS transistors, and then CNTFETs are substituted to improve the speed and reduce the propagation delay. The proposed PFD in addition to very low dead zone, has low power consumption and high frequency range of operation, which are achieved as a result of the elimination of the reset path. The simulation results based on 32 nm technology for CNTFET and 180 nm technology for CMOS, illustrate that CNTFET-based proposed circuit dissipates 2 µW and has frequency of operation up to 30 GHz, and the dead zone equal to 1 ps. Compared to the conventional PFD based on CMOS technology, its dead zone and power consumption are lower. In addition, the effects of blocks’ parameters including the phase detector, which affect the operation of the phase locked loop, or delay locked loop, are systematically analyzed. 相似文献
12.
An 5.1 μW, 1.8 V, 8-bit, successive approximation (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using 10 kHz clock was designed
and fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology for passive UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. The ADC utilises
a resistive digital to analog converter (DAC). The ADC can operate with low power consumption. The proposed comparator with
cascode active load can offer large gain and can operate at a low supply voltage. The measured total power consumption is
5.1 μW at a 10 kHz input clock with a 1.8 V single supply, and 0.5 μW with 970 mV supply. 相似文献
13.
In the past few years, the mm-wave silicon, especially 60 GHz CMOS design has experienced a transition from an obscure topic
to a research hot spot. This paper presents the design of a 60 GHz receiver front-end using 65 nm CMOS technology. Initially,
a heterodyne receiver front-end architecture is presented to exploit its possible compatibility with legacy systems. In order
to implement the front-end, an EM simulation based methodology and the corresponding design flow are proposed. A transistor
EM model, using existing compact models as core, is developed to account for the parasitic elements due to wiring stacks.
A spiral inductor lumped model, based on S-parameter data from EM simulation is also derived. After the device modeling efforts,
a single-stage LNA and a single-gate mixer are designed using 65 nm CMOS technology. They are characterized by EM co-simulation,
and compared with the state-of-the-art. After integration, the simulated front-end achieves a conversion gain of 11.9 dB and
an overall SSB noise figure of 8.2 dB, with an input return loss of −13.7 dB. It consumes 6.1 mW DC power, and its layout
occupies a die area of 0.33 mm × 0.44 mm. 相似文献
14.
An analog CMOS current multiplier building block for low voltage applications using an n-well process is presented. The multiplier
equations are derived to proof its linear characteristic, and then a low voltage design is proposed. Post layout simulation
in a 0.35 μm AMS CMOS process and 1.5 V supply voltage shows a THD of 0.84% at 10 MHz and a frequency response bandwidth of
140 MHz. 相似文献
15.
A divide-by-31/32 phase switching prescaler with a simple divide-by-4 multi-phase ring counter is presented. By using this
divide-by-4 unit, a low power consumption is obtained while a wide range operation is maintained. Fabricated with a standard
0.18 μm CMOS technology, the prescaler can work properly from 1.8 to 3.1 GHz with a maximum current dissipation of 1.3 mA
from a 1.8 V supply voltage. It can cover most of wireless communication standards in 1.8/1.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz bands. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a CMOS fully differential current feedback operational amplifier with controllable 3-dB bandwidth. The
FDCFOA has the advantage of a wide range controllable 3-dB bandwidth (∼57–500 MHz) without changing the feedback resistance.
The FDCFOA has a standby current of 320 μA. Application of the proposed FDCFOA in realizing second order low-pass filter with
controllable 3-dB bandwidth is given. PSpice simulations of the FDCFOA block and its application are given using 0.25 μm CMOS
technology from MOSIS and dual supply voltages ±0.75 V. 相似文献
17.
A CMOS transconductor for multi-mode wireless channel selection filter is presented. The linear transconductor is designed
based on the flipped-voltage follower (FVF) circuit and an active resistor to achieve the transconductance tuning. The transconductance
tuning can be obtained by changing the bias current of the active resistor. A third-order Butterworth low-pass filter implemented
with the transconductors was designed by TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process. The results show that the filter can operate with the
cutoff frequency of 10–20 MHz. The tuning range would be suitable for the specifications of IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n Wireless LANs
under the consideration of saving chip areas. In the design, the maximum power consumption is 13 mW with the cutoff frequency
of 20 MHz under a 1.8 V supply voltage. 相似文献
18.
In this paper an ultra-low-power CMOS symmetrical operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for low-frequency G
m
- C applications in weak inversion is presented. Its common mode input range and its linear input range can be made large using
DC shifting and bulk-driven differential pair configuration (without using complex approaches). The symmetrical OTA was successfully
verified in a standard CMOS 0.35-μm process. The measurements show an open loop gain of 61 dB and a unit gain frequency of
195 Hz with only 800 mV of power supply voltage and just 40 nW of power consumption. The transconductance is 66 nS, which
is suitable for low-frequency G
m
- C applications. 相似文献
19.
In this paper, a novel design of spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG) with a third-order error-feedback delta-sigma modulator
is presented. The proposed SSCG with triangular modulation can generate clocks with center spread ratios of 0.25, 1, 1.75,
2.5, 3.5, 5% and down spread ratios of 0.5, 2, 3.5, 5, 7, 10% over a wide frequency range from 20 to 700 MHz. The SSCG is
implemented on a chip using SMIC 0.13 um CMOS process. Our tests show that 11.31 dB attenuation of the EMI at 80 MHz with
down spread ratio of 10% and 12.98 dB attenuation at 133.3 MHz with center spread ratio of 5% can be achieved which is in
agreement with the theoretic calculation. 相似文献
20.
This paper investigates the dependence of the quality factor of CMOS active inductors on the signal swing of the inductors
and its impact on the phase noise of LC-tank oscillators employing the active inductors. A new CMOS active inductor with a
nearly constant quality factor is proposed. Two 4-GHz LC oscillators with and without constant-Q active inductors have been
implemented in UMC-0.13 μm 1.2 V CMOS technology and analyzed using SpectreRF from Cadence with BSIM3V3 device models. Simulation
results demonstrate the phase noise of the oscillator with the constant-Q active inductor is −118dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency
offset. 相似文献
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